Islamic Press in Surakarta (914-1926): A Study of Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak

This study describes the changing function of two Islamic presses, namely Medan Moeslimin and Islam Bergerak, in Surakarta, Central Java, Indonesia, in the transition of the 19th and 20th centuries. By historical methods through newspaper archival sources, the study produced conclusions; first, these two media were initially used as a means to “defend Islam” from some articles in the media that blasphemed Islam and, at the same time, straightened it out. In addition, the two Islamic media became an alternative source of Islamic scholarship, especially among reformist-modernist Muslims. Second, the two media were loaded with ideological interests. In their development, they had shifted their orientation from “defenders of Islam” to defenders of the spirit of nationality and universal humanity. Third, the change in orientation was inseparable from the critical role of Hadji Mohammad Misbach (1876-1926), the owner and manager of the two media, who experienced an ideological shift from orthodox Muslim towards socialist and nationalist one at once

Investment Multiplier Effect of Hajj Funds on Economic Growth in Indonesia

This study aims to measure the multiplier effect coefficient of investment in Hajj funds held by the Hajj Financial Management Agency (BPKH) starting in 2017-2021 on the country’s economy. Data was collected from BPKH  and Central Statistics Agency (BPS) publications. This type of research is a descriptive quantitative analysis of the economic balance equation, namely Y= C I+G, with the multiplier effect coefficient analysis tool. The results showed that BPKH Investment had a positive effect on economic growth. Still, the Multiplier Value of Hajj fund investment by BPKH showed that the allocation had not demonstrated awareness of the multiplier number in channelling investment instruments. BPKH focused on studying investment instruments that provide returns in increasing the funds of prospective pilgrims so that the results are significant in driving economic growth. Reviewing the mechanisms in channelling investments, such as embracing MSMEs as financing recipients and allocating investment budgets for labour-intensive projects, is necessary

From Islamism to Democracy: The Case of Rached Ghannouchi and Ennahda of Tunisia

This article examines the shift of Rached Ghannouchi and Ennahda party from Islamism to democracy. This article analyzes Ghannouchi’s early Islamist ideology and confrontational approach to politics, as well as his exposure to democratic systems, which led to a reevaluation of his views on democracy, following the failure of Ennahda’s early attempts at revolutionary Islamism in the 1980s and 1990s, which prompted Ghannouchi to reconsider his approach to politics and Islamism. This led to a shift towards a more moderate and inclusive approach to politics, culminating in Ennahda’s participation in Tunisia’s democratic transition after the 2011 revolution. This article highlights the theoretical implications of his shift from Islamism to democracy for the study of political Islam and democratization. This article argues that Islamist actors and movements can evolve and adapt to changing political circumstances, as well as undergo gradual moderation in promoting democratic reform

Institution of Islam Java: Coastal Islam, Local Culture, and the Role of Sufism

The purpose of this study is to examine the institutionalization of Islam in Java, which is the work of coastal Islamic communities, particularly the envoys or Sufis who collaborated with local coastal traditions. As a result of document studies, it can be seen that the institutionalization of Islam in Java was a long process carried out by envoys spreading Islam. Among the efforts made were through da’wah or the spread of Islam individually by agents of the spread of Islam, and then jointly establishing the kingdom and becoming more structured with the establishment of Islamic educational institutions or pesantren. The Islam produced in this long process is Islam in its acculturative or collaborative style, namely the practice of Islamic teachings in harmony with local traditions. Even though there have been changes for the sake of change, the principal teachings in Islam have not changed except for teachings that are instrumental in nature. One of the greatest attributes in the process of coastal Islamization is the creation of understanding and practice of religion in a moderate style

Intellectual Attitudes Toward Islam Nusantara and Their Religious Ideas

Secondary literature examines the legitimacy of Islam Nusantara, taking into account Islamic legal maxims and institutional rejection, often stemming from religious reasons. This research aims to comprehend participants’ attitudes towards Islam Nusantara (IN) and their religious justifications, including their understanding of religious authority and the application of Islamic Law. This is crucial for elucidating the primary factors behind varying IN attitudes, whether driven by religious considerations or other factors. We argue that religious differences are not the primary determinants of IN attitudes, as evidenced by participants’ discussions regarding religious authority and the application of Islamic Law. While a minority of conservative participants endorse the formalization of Sharia based on textual religious authority, the majority, including some who express reservations about IN, perceive Sharia as a set of values. They advocate for contextual interpretations that align with IN’s values but stop short of full endorsement. In a broader context, this study uncovers the intricate interplay between religious ideas and socio-political attitudes within diverse Muslim groups. It enhances our understanding of the dynamic relationship between religion, society, and diverse interpretations

The Gayo People Philosophy: Genap-Mupakat and Social Harmonization in Central Aceh

Gayo people construct collective deliberation called Genap-Mupakat, a dynamic social harmony entity as proof of local wisdom in Central Aceh. However, many people consider Genap-Mupakat a boring and time-consuming activity. Therefore, this study aimed to examine Genap-Mupakat’s importance and significant influence on oneself and others. Data were collected qualitatively through in-depth interviews. The findings showed that Gayo people’s philosophy of Genap-Mupakat fosters togetherness and justice. The system had Islamic philosophical values and was laden with knowledge, norms, rules, and laws as a reference in collective deliberation and behavior to realize social harmony. The people must adhere to these principles to avoid conflicts and hostilities. The system stated that Gayo people have the characteristics of a republic, free, and democratic society. Therefore, the philosophy promoted orderliness in collective deliberation. The Gayo adage “tertib bermajelis, umet bermulie” means that orderliness in a meeting is a prerequisite for nobility

Under the Guidance of the Prophet: Charisma and Religious Authority in Contemporary Madura, Indonesia

This ethnographic study explores the phenomenon of religious authority held by a murshid (Sufi Master), Kiai Haji Abdul Mannan, in Madura, Indonesia, despite his unconventional background. Applying Max Weber’s theory of charismatic authority, the research delves into the factors enabling the rapid attraction of jamā‘a (followers) and the establishment of his religious influence. This study emphasizes the pivotal role of the murshid’s charisma in building his religious authority and highlights how the newly founded majelis dhikr (religious chanting group), known as Majelis Dzikir Nurut Tauhid, consolidates the jamā‘a and fortifies the murshid’s religious authority. This study provides profound insights into how religious authority can thrive and endure within the Madura context, even when the religious leader possesses an unconventional background. The main argument of this study is that the religious authority of the murshid is constructed upon charisma, charismatic claims, and a cohesive community of followers. It offers a compelling example of the intricacies of religious authority dynamics in society

Moderate Muslim in Indonesia: Views of Muslim Elite toward Religious and Socio-political Issues

This article explores the views of Muslim elites regarding religious and socio-political issues as a means of explaining moderate Islam in Indonesia. Specifically, its aim is to shed light on this matter by mapping the ideological spectrum of Muslim elites’ perspectives on significant religious and political issues. A solid understanding of the socio-political context and the viewpoints of the elite is a crucial step towards comprehending the development of religious and political attitudes among the general population and the resulting impact on the social and political progress of the country. Based on fieldwork, this article argues that the majority of Muslim elites lean towards a moderate stance when it comes to perceiving ideological matters. Nevertheless, some still exhibit a tendency towards conservatism. It is important to note that this study is limited in its geographical scope. Consequently, further research should encompass various regions of Indonesia to provide a more comprehensive and holistic perspective

Siti Walidah, Gender Equality and Modernist Islamic Women's Movement in Indonesia: A Critical History

This study delves into Siti Walidah’s journey as a gender equality pioneer within the ‘Aisyiyah movement, utilizing four research methods: heuristic research for source collection, source criticism for source validation, interpretation employing sociological and anthropological approaches, and historiography for systematic reporting. Findings reveal that Walidah’s family and marriage to Ahmad Dahlan strongly influenced her commitment to gender equality. Dahlan played a significant role in forming views and experiences that gave birth to ideas and tangible actions in the gender equality movement. Walidah pioneered the gender equality movement by establishing places of education: launching the Sapa Tresna association (1914), ‘Aisyiyah (1917), Internaat (1919), Musholla ‘Aisyiyah (1922) which became tools for building gender equality by providing opportunities and programmes for women to obtain equal educational rights as men. She played a pioneering role in empowering women within ‘Aisyiyah, leading its congresses, and departed from religious values to advocate for gender equality through the ‘Aisyiyah organization formed in 1917, solidifying her legacy as Indonesia’s first gender equality advocate

The Theological Implication of Oceanography Concept in the Qur'an

The integration of science and the Qur’an, known as scientific exegesis (tafsīr ‘ilmī), has emerged as a crucial interpretative model in response to the division between secular and religious knowledge. This study delves into Qur’anic verses related to oceanography, exploring their theological significance and uncovering numerous benefits of the oceans, including their roles as sources of life, climate regulators, livelihood providers, and transportation channels. Additionally, it identifies a remarkable 38 verses discussing oceanography, with 18 of them emphasizing key theological messages such as the exclusive divinity of God, His role as the Creator and Controller of all, the submission of nature to Him, the vastness of His knowledge, and His undeniable greatness. Ultimately, the Qur’anic concept of oceanography reaffirms the existence of God as the Creator and emphasizes humanity’s responsibility as His creatures and servants, tasked with worshiping and glorifying Him. This fusion of science and the Qur’an offers valuable alternative interpretations that can enhance human understanding