Jurnal Humaniora
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    Feeding Precarity Between State and Capital: Women Workers and Breastfeeding in Cakung Manufacturing Industry

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    Women constitute the vital workforce in Indonesia's economy, particularly in sectors like garment, textile, and footwear. Despite their economic importance, these industries are characterised by excessive control, pressure, and violence, transforming women into cheap labour and limiting their lives both in the production and social reproduction realm. This study analyses how the discipline of factory work has implications for women workers in their care work, specifically in breastfeeding. Through a qualitative approach, this study uses focus group discussions (FGD) and interviews with women garment and textile industry workers in Kawasan Berikat Nusantara, North Jakarta. The study also analyses the state's response and position in child-feeding matters. The study shows how the regimented nature of factory work, which controls the energy, time, and bodies of women workers, coupled with the absence of job security and protection from the state, limit workers’ capacity to care for their families, particularly to breastfeed their children. Consequently, women workers have to switch to formula milk. I argue that the workers’ reliance on formula milk illustrates a form of neoliberalism in which the state subjugates women workers to the capitalist economy both in the realms of production and social reproduction, forcing them to live in a precarious condition. This potentially will cause health, nutrition, and other quality of life problems for mothers and children in the future

    Entrusting Children to Grandmothers: Exploring Care Dynamics through Multiple Roles of Women in Eastern Indonesia

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    This paper investigates the practice of entrusting children to relatives in Alor Tengah Utara, Alor Regency. It highlights the socio-economic factors compelling parents to work away from home. Often, this leads to parents leaving their children in the care of their grandparents. Despite the stagnant economic growth in Alor regency, many young individuals migrate in search of better opportunities, creating a dynamic where women, particularly grandmothers, become “double mothers” by caring for both their own and entrusted children. Conducted from June 2021 to July 2022, this ethnographic study reveals the challenges and economic vulnerabilities these households face, exacerbated by the inadequate intergenerational care provided by ageing grandmothers or inexperienced young female relatives. The findings highlight the need for more equitable caregiving arrangements and support for these families, shedding light on a practice deeply rooted in being a cultural responsibility yet fraught with economic and emotional complexities

    Saparuik and Moknehi: Kinship-based Tensions in Care for Older People

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    This article provides information on a comparison of elderly care systems in two regions in Indonesia with different ethnicities and cultures, namely the Minangkabau in West Sumatra and the Abui of Alor. This article shows how the saparuik kinship in the Minangkabau community which is matrilineal with different customary constellations and how the patrilineal moknehi kinship in the Abui community takes care of elderly women. This paper explains the influence of caregivers’ life journey on their burdens of life. The burden of life perceived by caregivers arises from various factors. Among the various influencing factors are emotions, economy, knowledge, kinship and the right to manage inheritance. Kinship is a form of reciprocal relationship between various elements in both Minangkabau and Abui societies. In the Minangkabau ethnic group, the smallest kinship system in society is called saparuik kinship (Minang language), while the smallest kinship system in Abui is called moknehi (Abui language) which means “brother”. Paruik can be interpreted as “stomach”. While the word moknehi, which has variants in Abui such as muknehi, mokneng and motneng, likely derives from words moku “child” and neng “male”, whose meaning is equivalent to “brother, sibling”. Literally, saparuik are people who come from the same stomach or mother, while moknehi refers to people who come from the same mother and or father. People who are in saparuik are people who come from the same grandmother, while moknehi are male brothers who come from the same grandfather, who then develop into several extended families. Both extended families in paruik or moknehi consist of several nuclear families. Likewise, saparuik and moknehi consist of several extended families. The extended family in saparuik is formed in one grandmother (not a literal grandmother, the grandmother in this case is the mother of the grandmother or the grandmother of the grandmother), in one “rumah gadang”, and sharing inheritance. Otherwise, moknehi are not only formed in one grandfather, but also male great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather (male great-grandfather and great-great-grandfather in this case are father of grandfather and grandfather of grandfather), in one clan, and sharing inheritanc

    When Childcare is Commodified: An Autoethnography of Urban Mothering in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

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    The research explores how motherhood constructs parenting spaces in urban contexts and, conversely, how urban spaces construct urban motherhood. This autoethnographic research uses Edward Soja’s concept of third space. The results of this study show that working mothers’ routines position them in terms of categorizing time, namely time for work and time for parenting, with a preference for parenting space outside the home. This practice simultaneously constructs temporal (time of care) and spatial (space of care) understandings for children and parents. Social media accelerates the spread of information about leisure centers, including the segmentation of care spaces. The creation of these new care spaces shows that the commodification of urban mothering is slowly shifting the role of care from the home to the public sphere. On the other hand, this domestication of the caring space can involve men in caring practices and change the stigma that caring is not only a woman’s role. Despite thearticulation of parenting as a lifestyle, the infrastructure of parenting spaces and playgrounds for children is still far from meeting the criteria of public space, as the majority are commodified, especially in the context of this research, Yogyakarta

    The Crisis of Care: State, Family, and Shifting Caring Space in Contemporary Indonesia

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    This special issue on the Crisis of Care is the result of extensive collaborative research, discussions, and interactions among contributors. In 2022, with colleagues from the University of Southampton, Atma Jaya Catholic University of Indonesia in Jakarta, and Universitas Gadjah Mada in Yogyakarta, we co-organised a conference entitled ‘Care Dynamics in Contemporary Indonesia’. Ciptaningrat Larastiti was part of a two-year research collaboration between the University of Southampton (United Kingdom) and Atma Jaya Catholic University (Jakarta), titled ‘Care Network in Later Life’. Her research focuses on care for landless older people with a state of dependency in rural Yogyakarta. Elan Lazuardi, having completed her PhD on HIV care, co-organised the conference as the representative of the Department of Anthropology, Universitas Gadjah Mada

    Older People Living Alone and Their Strategies to Face Life: Case Studies from Yogyakarta and West Sumatra

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    Across Indonesia, the dominant model for care and support in later life is for older people to live with or near younger family members. However, coresidence with an adult child or other close relative is not always attainable or preferred. There are conditions where older people live alone and cannot fully depend on their family members for care and support, be it for matters related to physical, economic, psychological, or spiritual needs. We examine how older people who live alone, live their lives and what strategies they pursue in facing life. The data presented in this paper are a subset of a larger comparative study on Older People’s Care Networks, which covered five disparate sites across Indonesia. This article focuses on evidence from West Sumatra and Yogyakarta. As our case studies illustrate, older people living alone is a diverse category, ranging from those with children, to those who are de facto childless or actually childless. Their security or vulnerability cannot simply be deduced from their household composition, but they require the understanding of how people create, maintain, and develop supportive networks and how they use agency in actively managing dependence, independence, and interdependence over the life course and in later life

    Class and Gender in Older People Care in Rural Yogyakarta

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    This article explores care arrangements for older people in rural Yogyakarta, comparing and contrasting the experiences of older people in three agrarian classes: significant landowners, petty commodity producers and ‘classes of labour’. The study was conducted in two villages in Kulon Progo and Sleman Regencies. Qualitative interviews, observations, life histories and information on the changing social and economic contexts are used to analyse older people’s roles in social reproduction, the dynamics of intergenerational dependency, and the practicesof older-people care. We found great variation in the age at which engagement in productive and reproductive work declines and people enter the state of dependency. Older people may be receivers, or providers of care for younger dependents. As older people live longer, complex tri- and even quadri-generational care arrangements become more common. Class, gender and intergenerational relations shape care relations and practices. State and community programmes for older people, when functioning properly, can be of great importance to poorer households,even though the access is uneven and they do not always match older people’s care needs. Commodified (purchased) care provision is found in some relatively prosperous households, but rarely in the ‘classes of labour’, the landless and near-landless peasants, and worker households that make up the majority of the population

    Community Volunteers’ Care for Older Adults (Lansia) in Indonesia: The Symbolic Efficacy of Community Health Meetings (Posyandu)

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    Community healthcare in Indonesia relies on volunteers who engage their clients outside fixed health facilities with limited resources and formal training. These volunteers are called cadres who learn their tasks to improve community wellbeing through ongoing engagement and without prior formal skills. They are drawn from the community to serve the community. This paper is based on field research carried out with cadres through interviews and visits to integrated health meetings (posyandu lansia) held by primary healthcare centres for older adults in villages in Jakarta and Yogyakarta. The paper first discusses the recruitment requirements and incentives for being a healthcare volunteer. It suggests that both recruitment and incentives are rooted in community values of helping and doing good for the community. Volunteer cadres must have a direct normative and semiotic connection with clients, as they must be members of the community who speak the same language and understand local norms. In line with this community-centred approach, the paper then focuses on the health efficacy of posyandu by viewing them as a recurring, structured symbolic event held in the village. The argument is made that a more qualitative approach should be taken to understanding the efficacy of these meetings, drawing on research methods from the anthropology of ritual (symbolic and therapeutic) healing

    The Sustainable Tourism of Lumban Suhi–Suhi Village Samosir after The Pandemic

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    The objective of this research is to comprehend the roles of the sustainable tourism toward local community in socio-cultural preservation. In this specific context, this writing specifically focuses on the intentional changes and innovative measures implemented by the local community to promote tourism development, particularly in the aftermath of the pandemic. The research question posed in this study is how the Lumban Suhi Suhi Toruan village can preserve their tourism existence after the pandemic both domestically and internationally. This study utilized qualitative and holistic approaches such as conducting interviews, making observations, or analyzing relevant documents and taking comprehensive notes or the data records for data collection analysis. Lumban Suhi Suhi Village prioritizes the use of media platforms as promotion tool and cultural assimilation towards the pervasive digital changes. The concept of "Hita Do Hita" represents the idea of unity in attracting the younger generation to contribute to the development of their hometowns by using podcast as a way to establish the sustainable tourism. The creation of this podcast as an example of employing innovative transformation to motivate young individuals to return to their communities and actively support their growth. Furthermore, Lumban Suhi Suhi Toruan village organizes events such as the Gondang Naposo fashion show, an annual festival called Martonun Sadari, and other activities to attract both local and international tourists that are modified innovatively to compete with other tourism villages around Samosir Island

    Book Review Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Perspektif Islam tentang Dinamika Jiwa dan Perilaku Manusia

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    The book discussed in this article is titled Motivasi dan Kepribadian: Perspektif Islam tentang Dinamika Jiwa dan Perilaku Manusia. This book was written by Dr. Bagus Riyono, M.A., a psychologist and lecturer in the Faculty of Psychology at Universitas Gadjah Mada and is currently president of the International Association of Muslim Psychologists (IAMP). This book is 284 pages long and consists of several chapters, all of which deconstructing pre-existing theories of motivation, as well as constructing pioneering theories of motivation using various research approaches, including qualitative approach using “meta-ethnographically-grounded-theory” and quantitative approach using experimental method (Riyono, 2020. p. 89). All this was done so that the researcher could achieve comprehensive research results

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