Effect of Parity and Type of Birth on Reproduction Performance of Garut Ewes in Indonesia

Garut sheep is one of the superior sheep breeds originating from Garut, West Java, Indonesia. Garut sheep have a good reproductive system with a relatively high birth rate. This facilitates the process of breeding and developing sheep populations. However, it is not yet known whether there is an influence of non-genetic factors (parity and birth type) on reproduction (liiter size, lambing interval, birth weight, and weaning weight) of Garut sheep. Therefore, this study aims to determine the relationship of non-genetic factors on reproductive traits of Garut ewes. The total number of female Garut sheep used was 327 with the criteria of having given birth. The results showed that the average litter size, lambing interval, birth weight, and weaning weight were 1.87 heads, 118 days, 2.73 kg, and 12.86 kg, respectively. The 3rd parity had the highest litter size and a shorter kidding interval than other parities. In addition, the type of birth also has a significant effect, namely the number of kids triple effect on the long lambing interval. Non-genetic factors affected the reproductive performance of Garut sheep

Properties of Soft Cheese Supplemented with Cinnamon Extract (Cinnamomum burmannii) During Storage

An innovative milk-based functional product was developed to produce a quality and healthy animal product, such antioxidant-rich cheese. The study conducted to identify the chemical composition, lactic acid bacteria (LAB) viability, color characteristic, hardness, and stickiness cheese with cinnamon extract during storage. Material used were cow milk from UPT Ternak Perah Diponegoro University, cinnamon extract, animal rennet, and culture of Lactobacillus plantarum Kita-3 from Food and Nutrition Culture Collection (FNCC), Universitas Gadjah Mada. The research assessed experimentally using completely randomized design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 6 replications. Cheese was stored on refrigerator at 4-10°C and observed at 0, 10, and 20 days to determine titrated acididity (TA), water content (WC), free fatty acid (FFA), LAB viability, color characteristics, hardness, and stickiness. Treatments were addition of cinnamon extract 0% (P0), 3% (P1), 6% (P2), and 9% (P3). Data collected was analyzed by analysis of variance and continuing with duncan’s multiple range test. The addition of cinnamon were not affected (p>0.05) to TA and FFA at 0 day observation, WC, b*, stickiness at 0 and 20 days, and hardness at 10 days. Meanwhile, it affected significantly (p<0.01) to TA at 10 and 20 days, pH and LAB viability at all observation, WC at 10 days, FFA and hardness at 0 and 20, and stickiness at 10 days. In summary, the addition of cinnamon up to 9% could produce a good quality of cheese during storage.

Identification of AHSG gene polymorphism and association with flavor and odor compounds of Indonesian lamb meat

Flavor and odor are important factors for consumers to consider the quality of lamb meat. The AHSG Alpha2-Heremans- Schmid Glycoprotein gene is associated with a fatty acid content and is indicated as a gene controlling flavor and odor compounds. The research aims to identify the AHSG gene polymorphism and its association with flavor and odor compounds in Indonesian lamb meat. The sample used in this study was 105 ram samples consisting of 10 Javanese Fat-Tailed Sheep (JFTS), 80 Javanese Thin-Tailed Sheep (JTTS), and 15 Jonggol sheep (JS). The AHSG gene polymorphism was validated using the PCR-RFLP technique with the EagI enzyme EagI. The association of the AHSG gene SNP (g.198655287 G>A) with odor and flavor was analyzed using the T-tests. The AHSG gene polymorphism in Indonesian lamb was polymorphic with three genotypes, i.e., GG, GA, and AA, and in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. The AHSG significance was associated (PA, can potentially serve as a genetic marker for lamb meat production by reducing flavor and odor

The Influence of Social Capital on The Group Dynamics of Kebumen Ongole Crossbred (PO Kebumen) Cattle Farmers, Central Java Province, Indonesia

This study investigates the influence of social capital comprising trust, social networks, norms, and interpersonal relationships in the group dynamics of Kebumen Ongole Crossbred (PO Kebumen) cattle farmers in Central Java, Indonesia. Utilizing a quantitative approach with an explanatory survey design, 178 respondents were selected through multi-stage random sampling. Data analysis revealed that each component of social capital significantly impacts specific dimensions of group dynamics, including group goals, organizational structure, task distribution, training and development, cohesion, work atmosphere, group pressure, effectiveness, and hidden agendas. Trust fosters cooperation and reduces conflict; social networks enhance communication and resource sharing; norms ensure group stability and alignment with shared goals; and interpersonal relationships strengthen solidarity. These findings underscore the pivotal role of social capital in enhancing group dynamics and suggest broader implications for improving the sustainability and productivity of farmer groups. Furthermore, the results highlight the potential for leveraging social capital to drive rural development and advance Indonesia's livestock industry

Qualitative Modeling to Analyze The Performance of Beef Cattle Farms That Receive Government Aid in Banyumas District

The objectives of this study are to analyze the success of the beef cattle assistance program in Banyumas Regency as seen from the economic performance of the business and to identify the factors related to the performance of beef cattle farms receiving assistance in Banyumas. This study used a field survey method in Purwojati and Jatilawang Subdistricts, Banyumas Regency with in-depth discussions and interviews (focus group discussions). The sample size was determined using purposive sampling. There were 65 informants from 4 groups of beef cattle farmers who received assistance in 2021 and 2022. Data analysis using Cash Flow and Causal Loop Diagram (CLD) qualitative modeling. The results of the cash flow analysis research found that one farmer group was considered efficient, one was inefficient, and the other two groups could not be identified because there was no revenue and expenditure data. Factors related to business performance of beef cattle farmers in Banyumas Regency based on Causal Loop Diagram were found to be livestock suitability, violation, motivation, and feed.

Assessment of Nutrient Sufficiency Through Body Condition Score: A Study Case at The Ongole Cross-Breed Cattle Breeding Center, Kebumen, Central Java

This study aimed to evaluate the feeding practices and nutritional intake of Ongole crossbred (PO) cattle in Kebumen, Central Java. This study focused on body condition scores (BCSs) and their implications for cattle performance. The parameters observed in this study included the feed composition, nutrient content, and impact of different BCSs on nutrient intake. The results of this research revealed that PO cattle with poor BCS did not receive sufficient feed, resulting in suboptimal nutrient intake. Moreover, those with medium BCS receive sufficient feed but still lack protein intake. In contrast, PO cattle with optimum BCS demonstrated the higher performance compared to other BCS groups, with crude protein intake of 0.57 kg (8.81%), 0.15 kg of extract (2.32%), 2.08 kg of crude fibre (32.15%), 3.81 kg of neutral detergent fiber 58.89%), 2.27 kg of acid detergent fiber (35.08%), and 4.00 kg of total digestible nutrient (61.82%) of the total dry matter intake, amounting to 6.47 kg. The findings underscore the importance of proper feeding practices tailored to the nutritional needs of cattle to optimize cattle performanc

Potential of Goletrak Grass (Borreria alata) as Suplementation on Hay Multinutrient Waffle and Its Nutrition Value to Improve Growth Performance in Rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus)

The aim of this study was to determine the effects of goletrak grass (Borreria alata) as suplementation in hay multinutrient waffle on the growth performance in rabbit (Oryctolagus cuniculus). The experiment was carried out in 2 stages consisting of hay multinutrient waffle (HMW) production and feeding application in rabbit. The HMW was produced in three formulations: H1 was used 5% Boreria alata; H2 10% Boreria alata; and H315% Boreria alata. Physical and chemical assessment of HMW were performed to evaluate the feed quality prior to feeding application. A total of 18 local rabbit males (Oryctolagus cuniculus) were assigned to 6 dietary treatments, 3 animals each, consisted: T01 = 100% benggala grass; T02 = 60% commercial pellet + 40% benggala grass; T1 = 60% commercial pellet + 40 % HMW; T2 = 40% commercial pellet + 60 % HMW; T3 = 20% commercial pellet + 80 % HMW; and T4 = 100 % HMW. The addition of goletrak grass (Boreria alata) had no significant effect (p>0.05) on physical propertiesincluding colours, texture, aroma, hardness, and durability index. However, significant effects (p0.05) on feed consumption. In conclusion, 15% inclusion of Boreria alata into HMW formulation, with 40% HMW in the diet, resulted in improved FCR, along with increased total weight gain and ADG. These findings suggest a beneficial impact of Boreria alata inclusion of performance and feed efficiency in rabbit

Motility, Abnormality and Intact Plasma Membrane of Sexed Bali Bull Sperm in Different Equilibration Time

The purpose of this study was to obtain the optimal equilibration time to produce quality frozen semen of sexed Bali bulls in Tris-yolk diluent. Semen was collected from two male Bali cows from artificial insemination center, Tenayan Raya. Semen was collected for 8 wk and used as a replicate of the study. The motility of the semen used was 70%. Sperm X and Y were separated with 10% and 30% bovine serum albumin (BSA). The diluent used was tris egg yolk. The research treatment was equilibration time (2, 3, 4, and 5 h). Parameters were measured after sperm separation, dilution and thawing after freezing. Parameters consisted of motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane. Data analysis was performed using a group randomized design. The results showed that the equilibration times of 2, 3, 4 and 5 h were significantly different on motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane. The value of motility and intact plasma membrane is significantly different from after separation, dilution and freezing of Bali sperm. The values of motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane of sperm X and sperm Y were not significantly different. Conclusion, 2 h equilibration time can maintain motility, abnormality and intact plasma membrane of sperm X and sperm Y of Bali cattle

Coastal Tourism's Impact on Local Livestock Farming at Bilik Sijile Beach, Baluran National Park

This research aims to analyze the development of coastal tourism at Sijile Beach and its impact on local beef cattle farming businesses. This research uses a quantitative approach with qualitative data as support, which includes interviews with key informants and surveys of around 40 breeders. The analysis was conducted to understand how tourism development affects livestock farmers' attitudes and identify policies and practices that can improve their welfare. PESTEL analysis identified political, economic, social, technological, environmental, and legal factors influencing Sijile Beach livestock farming. Political factors include conservation policies that limit land access for livestock breeders. In contrast, economic factors indicate challenges and opportunities arising from tourism, including rising land prices and opportunities for economic diversification. Social factors describe changes in cultural values and potential conflict between tourists and local communities. Technological factors indicate a lack of use of technology by livestock farmers, which limits their operational efficiency. Environmental impacts include habitat degradation and pollution due to tourism activities. Legal factors reveal problems in policy implementation and the need for local community participation in decision-making. SWOT analysis highlights strengths, such as solid local resources and a potential market of tourists, as well as weaknesses, such as technological limitations and pressure on natural resources. Opportunities include sustainable tourism development and diversification of the local economy, while threats include the environmental impact of tourism and competition with the tourism sector. These findings demonstrate the need for balanced and inclusive policies to integrate tourism with livestock and the importance of technology training and support for livestock adaptation. This research provides important insights for stakeholders in designing strategies that support ecosystem sustainability and the welfare of local communitie

Identification of Gene Diversity of Melanocortin 4 Receptor for Commercial Rabbit Breeds

Molecular genetic markers are regularly implemented in rabbit management for better breeding by selecting for specific genotypes. This study aimed to examine the diversity of the melanocortin-4 receptor gene in rabbits in Central Java, Indonesia. A total of 35 bucks were used in this study, comprising 10 New Zealand White, 11 Hyla and 14 Hycole. The DNA was extracted by Gene JET Whole Blood Genomic DNA extraction kit. Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) was detected by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and DNA sequencing. Hot carcass weight, cold carcass weight, reference weight and cut point 1-5 weight were among the parameters that were measured. This study showed that Melanocortin 4 Receptor (MC4R) genes were polymorphic, containing missense mutations and one SNP at 519G→A SNP 519GA had two alleles, A and G, with three genotypes (AA, GG, and AG). The rabbit population did not achieve HardyWeinberg Equilibrium (HWE) and showed a low level of genetic diversity as indicated by the heterozygosity results. The result of this study concluded that the frecuency AG as a genotype was higher than either GG or AA and A had a higher allele frequency than G. We recommended improving the validity of the data across various rabbit population