DETECTION OF DANGEROUS FOOD ADDITIVE IN TAKJIL SNACKS DURING OF RAMADHAN

Food is a basic human need, necessary to meet daily needs. Human health is greatly influenced by what they consume. Food products added dangerous ingredients can cause serious health effects for humans. The aim of this research was to detect substances of formaldehyde and borax in snacks in the month of Ramadhan (takjil) at Bekasi City. This was descriptive observational research design by direct examination for formalin and borax from the food samples. The population in this study were all traders who sold Takjil on the roadsides in Bekasi City. Sample selected used an incidental sampling technique by taking 8 food samples which. Based on references, they were proven to contain dangerous chemicals. Based on the research results, 2 food samples were found positive containing dangerous food additives, namely 1 sample of lontong (12.5%) was positive for containing borax and 1 sample of martabak tofu (12.5%) was positive for containing Formalin. Seasonal traders who Sell ​​Takjil food during the month of Ramadan may not necessarily be safe. Therefore, it is recommended that health workers from Puskesmas must frequently inspect the food products and socialize the importance of using safe food additives

BIODIVERSITY OF ANGIOSPERMS IN SUMBERAWAN TEMPLE, SINGOSARI, MALANG DISTRICT

Sumberawan Temple is a tourist area that is inextricably linked to diversity of plants. One of them is angiosperm plants. Angiosperms occupy about 90% of all plant species and have 250,000 species. The objective  of this study is to determine the biodiversity of angiosperm plants in  Sumberawan Temple area which is located in Singosari, Malang Regency. The research method used was vegetation analysis using a single plot measuring 20 x 20 m2. The shape of the plot used wass square with an area of ​​400 m2. There were 12 types of angiosperm plant species in 9 different families. To determine the species richness index using the Margalef index, the diversity index using the Shannon Weinner index and the evenness index using the Evenees index. The findings indicated that species richness was in the low category, diversity and evenness were in the high category. It is due to the fewer  species in the area but the greater variety of species in  Sumberawan Temple area. The diversity of species indicates the number of species that coexist

The EFFECT OF COMBRETUM INDICUM LEAVES ON LIPID PROFILE AND HEMATOLOGY OF MICE INDUCED WITH ALLOXAN

Diabetes has become one of the main causes of death throughout the world recent years. Diabetes symptoms include high blood glucose and hyperlipidemia. An rise in blood glucose can produce an increase in the amount of leukocytes and erythrocytes in the hematology profile. Consequently, this study was to ascertain how extract Combretum indicum leaves affected the lipid profile and hematological of mice given alloxan. The study sample included 36 male mice divided into six groups: normal control (KN) without treatment, negative control (K-) with alloxan treatment, positive control (K+) with alloxan and glibenclamide treatment, P1 with alloxan treatment and Combretum indicum extract dose 100 mg/kgBW, P2 with alloxan treatment and Combretum indicum extract dose 200 mg/kgBW, and P3 with alloxan treatment and Combretum indicum extract dose 400 mg/kgBW. After the mice hyperglycemia on day 3rd, the therapy was continued.  The treatment lasted for 20 days. On days 10 and 20, hematological and lipid profile measures were performed. Combretum indicum leaves have the ability to lower total cholesterol, LDL and triglyceride with ascalate HDL levels on 20 days of treatment. In addition, it markedly raised the percentage of lymphocytes and neutrophils with escalate the quantities of lymphocytes and neutrophils in alloxan induced mice. So, in aloxan-induced mice, this extract can reduce the effects of diabetes

EVALUATION OF THE WASTE WATER TREATMENT INSTALLATION OF THE SELE BE SOLU REGIONAL PUBLIC HOSPITAL SORONG CITY

The Hospital Wastewater Treatment Plant (WWTP) is a system of hospital wastewater treatment designed based on the characteristics of waste water entering from several sources of waste discharge. The research location is at Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital, Sorong City, West Papua. The land owned by Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital is approximately 120,000 m2, and the number of beds is 158. This study uses laboratory tests to measure the quality of wastewater and the wastewater treatment plant. From the calculated results, the maximum discharge produced by Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital is 4343 m3/month. With the actual pollution load for the BOD parameters of 26.36 kg/month, COD of 157.98 kg/month, and TSS of 38,343 kg/month, all three are greater than the maximum pollution load allowed, namely for the BOD of 12,708 kg/month, COD of 105.9 kg/month, and TSS of 211.8 kg/month. The quality of wastewater from the Sele Be Solu Regional Hospital's wastewater treatment plant in 2017, which was tested by PT. Kehati Lab Indonesia, showed that all parameters met the quality standard requirements of the Minister of Environment Regulation Number P.68 of 2016. Meanwhile, the quality of processed wastewater in 2019 and 2021 showed that the parameters for Coli Group germs exceeded the permitted quality standards, while other parameters still meet the quality standards

ANTIBIOFILM ACTIVITY OF MANGOSTEEN (Garcinia mangostana L.) LEAF EXTRACT AGAINST COLLECTION OF BACTERIAL ISOLATES FROM DIABETIC ULCERS

Mangosteen (Garcinia mangostana L.) is a plant that contains many benefits and has the potential to be a medicinal plant in treating various diseases. Mangosteen leaves contain flavonoids, saponins, tannins, alkaloids and terpenoids which are known to have antibacterial and antibiofilm properties. This anti-biofilm agent is an alternative treatment for diabetic wound infections where cases of antibiotic resistance have increased. One of the causes of resistance is the biofilm formed by infectious bacteria. This research is a type of laboratory experimental research which aims to determine the anti-biofilm activity of mangosteen leaf extract against biofilms formed by a collection of bacterial isolates from diabetic wounds. The antibiofilm activity test carried out consisted of a cell attachment prevention test, a biofilm formation inhibition test, and a biofilm destruction test using the crystal violet staining method using the tube method and measuring optical density values ​​on a UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The concentrations of mangosteen leaf extract used are 60%, 80% and 100% as well as control – and control +. The results of the antibiofilm test showed that mangosteen leaf extract had the best activity in inhibiting biofilm formation, preventing cell attachment, and destroying biofilm, respectively. The three most optimal activities were found at a concentration of 100%, with an inhibition percentage of 50.51%, prevention of 32.56%, and destruction of 5.63%

INVENTORY OF INVASIVE INSECT SPECIES IN COBAN TALUN, BATU CITY

Insects are the greatest number of animal species on earth. Invasive species are insects that are non-native to a particular area, and negatively affect other organisms in their ecosystem. This study examines the diversity of invasive insect species with the aim of determining the diversity of invasive insect species found in Coban Talun, Batu City, effective and sustainable invasive insect control strategies, as well as conservation actions that need to be taken to maintain the balance of the ecosystem in Coban Talun. This study used a descriptive method using exploration techniques at three observation locations to collect data. This method used was observation of the focus of the problem under study, namely invasive insects which are the object of research. The data collection technique was carried out by exploring the location under study by observing, documenting, describing and identifying specimens using various literature. The results of the study obtained were the discovery of several types of invasive insects including black cockroaches (Phyllodromica maculata), large heath butterflies (Coenonympha tullia), green grasshoppers (Tettigonia viridissima), flies (Musca domestica), Mexican bean beetles (Epilachna varivestis), and soldier beetles (Rhagonycha recta). Invasive types of insects need population control by using natural insecticides so that the ecosystem in Coban Talun remains balanced

ANALYSIS OF MINERAL CONTENT IN ZAM-ZAM WATER CIRCULATION IN PADANGSIDIMPUAN CITY

This research was motivated by the existence of Zam-zam water trade in Padangsidimpuan City, while the Saudi Arabian government prohibited the export of Zam-zam water. This causes people to suspect that the quality of Zam-zam water circulating in the market is not the same as the Zam-zam water found in Mecca. Therefore, research needs to be carried out to answer these concerns. This research aims to analyze the mineral content of labeled packaged Zam-zam water circulating in Padangsidimpuan City compared with Zam-zam water brought from Mecca City. The mineral concentrations tested were sodium and chloride. This research uses laboratory experimental methods, including quantitative analysis. According to the type of research, the data analysis technique used is to compare the concentration of each mineral in the water labeled Zam-zam with the mineral concentration in the Zam-zam water used as a control. The research results showed that Zam-zam water obtained from Mecca City contained 42.4 mg/L chloride, 2.06 mg/L sodium, while the labeled Zam-zam water circulating in Padangsidimpuan, namely sample 1, contained 160.7 mg/L chloride. sodium 2.06 mg/L in sample 2 contains 50.5 mg/L chloride, sodium 2.17 mg/L. The three Zam-Zam samples circulating in Padangsidimpuan that have been tested show that the quality of Zam-Zam water is suitable for consumption based on determining a good water quality test, namely at the suitability threshold

THE INFLUENCE OF WATERFALL DISTANCE ON BRYOPHYTES DIVERSITY IN THE COBAN RONDO WATERFALL AREA, PUJON, MALANG

Bryophytes is one of the various plant groups that have an important role in biodiversity. Bryophytes have an essential role in environmental ecology, including mosses contributing to the nutrient and water cycle and the carbon exchange cycle. This research aims to determine the effect of waterfall distance on bryophyte diversity in the waterfall area. This research uses an exploratory descriptive method with data collection locations at Coban Rondo Waterfall, Pujon District, Malang Regency. The research was carried out by collecting data directly in the field by observing and exploring according to the conditions at the research location. The objects in this research are classes bryophytes that grow around the waterfall area by creating three plots measuring 5m x 5m with the installation at the wet zone which is located in the waterfall area <25 m, the humid zone which is 25-50 meters from the waterfall, and the dry zone which is more than >50 meters from the waterfall. Each bryophyte found in a single plot in three zones will be analyzed by considering the factors of temperature, humidity, light intensity, and soil pH. The results of the study showed that there was an influence of waterfall distance on bryophyte diversity. The closer the location where bryophytes grow to a waterfall, the more diverse the number of species

ACTIVITY TEST OF BESTSELLING MOISTURIZERS ON SHOPEE IN TREATING SKIN PROBLEMS

Shopee is an e-commerce widely used by Indonesians to buy and sell products and can shop safely. Shopee shows that in 2020, moisturizers was the top selling product in the beauty category. The moisturizers sold have different ingredients, come from many brands, and have different price points. The objective of the study is to compare the 3 best-selling moisturizers in the shopee category that are more effective in improving skin problems. This study was a quantitative study using a true experimental design with a posttest only control group design consisting of 4 groups, namely 3 groups using 3 best-selling moisturizer brands based on the shopee category and 1 control group. The sample of this study was selected based on the inclusion criteria consisting of 20 volunteers and the test was conducted for 4 weeks of application on the volunteers' skin by looking at the measured parameters of moisture, pores, blemishes and wrinkles. The results showed that the activity test of moisturizer A had a faster recovery in increasing moisture content (54.8%), shrinking pore size (23.8%), reducing blemishes (19.9%) and wrinkles 28.9%

TOXICITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACT OF PELAWAN LEAVES (TRISTANIOPSIS OBOVATA Benn.) ON THE HEMATOLOGICAL PROFILE OF WHITE RATS (RATTUS NORVEGICUS L.)

Tristaniopsis obovata  Benn. is one of the herbal plants that contains phenolics flavonoids, saponins, tannins and steroids/triterpenoids. The secondary metabolites are known to have antioxidant activity and toxicity that can affect hematological profiles. This study aims to determine the toxicity effects of ethanol extract of T. obovata Benn. leaves on LD50 value, erythrocyte morphology, and hematological profile in white rats. The study used a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with 4 treatments and 4 repeats. The treatment consisted of P0 (control), P1 (dose of 300 mg/kg body weight) (P1), P2 (dose of 2000 mg/kg body weight), and P3 (dose of 5000 mg/kg body weight). LD50 calculation using AOT 425 StatPgm software and hematological profile analysis using ANOVA. The results showed LD50 value of T. obovata Benn. leaf extract. was 1.750 mg/kg BW as mild toxic. The morphology of P2 erythrocytes shows abnormal form anisocytosis and P3 form Burr cells and macrocytosis. The administration of extract in all treatments  was not significant from the number of erythrocytes, leukocytes and hemoglobin comcentration of white rats