Journal of Economic and Social Thought
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Environmental, demographic, and geographical factors affecting the diffusion of COVID-19: A case study
Abstract. Italy was the first European country to experience a rapid increase in confirmed cases and deaths of the novel Coronavirus disease (COVID-19). This study explains how COVID-19 transmitted so rapidly in northern Italy, analysing the underlying relationships between infected people and environmental, demographic, and geographical factors that influenced its spread. This study analyses data on COVID-19 cases alongside environmental data. This study finds out that cities with little wind, high humidity and frequently high levels of air pollution — exceeding safe levels of ozone or particulate matter — had higher numbers of COVID-19 related infected individuals and deaths. Overall, then, results here suggest that that geo-environmental factors may have accelerated the spread of COVID-19 in northern Italian cities, leading to a higher number of infected individuals and deaths.Keywords. Air pollution; Environment and health; Natural hazards; Risk assessment; Urban environment; Sustainable development and policy assessment; Sustainable Growth.JEL. F64, I10, I18, I19, H75, H84, Q50, Q51, Q52, Q53, Q55, Q58
Managerial communication as a lever for preventing psychosocial risks in organizations in times of crisis: the case of the Moroccan hospital sector [La communication managériale comme levier de prévention des risques psychosociaux dans les organisations]
Abstract. In a fast-changing world, companies are facing many upheavals and challenges. Therefore, they must adapt to the different social, economic, technological and human changes which deeply affect their methods of organization and management. As a result, employees will be required to adopt new management methods and tools in order to guarantee stability and sustainability. Although psychosocial risks constitute a real public health problem that requires global reflection on the part of both decision-makers and managers, few studies in human resource management have focused on the determinants of these risks and more particularly their protective factors. Hence, this work falls within such a context and it is conducted in the frame of a quantitative research, aiming to put into perspective the role of managerial communication in the prevention of PSR among nursing staff in Moroccan public hospitals in times of crisis.Keywords. PSR; Managerial communication; Prevention; Crisis.JEL. I10; M50; J50
Female single parenthood, poverty and livelihoods strategies in rural area: Evidence from Cameroon
Abstract. In Sub-Saharan Africa, female single-parent families of rural areas face many difficulties in their daily lives. This article analyses the determinants of single parenthood and the livelihoods strategies of single parents facing poverty in the Abang and Longo localities, located in the Nanga-Eboko Sub-division, in Cameroon. The observation of these populations and the analysis carried with the semi-structured interview method in 2021 reveal that these single-parent families suffer from poverty, due to their vulnerable situation. In response to this, in order to meet their basic needs, they develop livelihoods strategies based on family solidarity, social support and small income-generating activities, mainly in the informal sector of the local economy.Keywords. Single parenthood; Poverty; Livelihoods strategies; Cameroon, Daily life.JEL. A13; D10; Z10
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Social regulation and orientation of access trajectories to social networks amongst Cameroonian adolescents
Abstract. The objective of this research is to establish a connection between social regulation mechanisms and the trajectory of access to social networks among Cameroonian adolescents. The study explores the various normative indications that influence social media users. It is evident that the normative and regulatory framework for accessing social networks and the internet, in general, is not sufficiently coercive and dissuasive to encourage appropriate behavior among young people in cyberspace. Strengthening adolescent security should involve stricter behavioral control, both autonomously and in negotiation with public authorities.Keywords. Social regulation; Social networks; Cameroonian adolescents.JEL. A10; E59; N16
The currency boards of Trinidad (1906-1951) and Barbados (1938-1951)
Abstract. We provide the first spreadsheet data series and legislative history of note issue by the Commissioners of Currency, in Trinidad, and the Board of Commissioners of Currency, in Barbados. The paper assesses how orthodox the operations of these two currency boards were, analyzing both the legislation and statistics from their balance sheets. The two boards’ operations are compared in their structure and level of orthodoxy. There is also some limited discussion of the effects of the boards on the colonies’ economies. The paper makes the various balance sheet data available in machine-readable form for the first time, in a companion spreadsheet workbook.Keywords. Trinidad and Tobago; Barbados; Currency board.JEL. A10; E59; N16
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Classicals versus Keynesians: A comprehensive table to teach 50 distinctions between two major schools of economic thought
Abstract. Macroeconomics essentially discusses macroeconomic phenomena from the perspectives of various schools of economic thought, each of which takes different views on how macroeconomic agents make decisions and how the corresponding markets operate. Therefore, developing a clear, comprehensive understanding of how and in what ways these schools of economic thought differ is a key and a prerequisite for economics students to prosper academically and professionally in the discipline. This becomes even more crucial as economics students pursue their studies toward higher levels of education and graduate school, during which students are expected to attain higher levels of Bloom’s taxonomy, including analysis, synthesis, evaluation, and creation. Teaching the distinctions and similarities of the two major schools of economic thought has never been an easy task to undertake in the classroom. Although the reason for such a hardship can be multi-fold, one reason has undoubtedly been students’ lack of a holistic view on how the two mainstream economic schools of thought differ. There is strong evidence that students make smoother transition to higher levels of education after building up such groundwork, on which they can build further later on (e.g. Didia and Hasnat, 1998; Marcal and Roberts, 2001; Islam, et al., 2008; Green, et al., 2009; White, 2016). The paper starts with a visual spectrum of various schools of economic thought, and then narrows down the scope to the classical and Keynesian schools, i.e. the backbone of modern macroeconomics. Afterwards, a holistic table contrasts the two schools in terms of 50 aspects. Not only does this table help economics students enhance their comprehension, retention, and critical-thinking capability, it also benefits macroeconomic instructors to gain a holistic view and deliver such a view more easily in their classrooms. The pedagogical aspects of this approach are discussed throughout the paper with reference to the economics education literature.Keywords. Classicals; Keynesians; Economic schools of thought; Teaching of economics; Macroeconomics, and pedagogy.JEL. A10; A22; A23; B10; E10
Energy and emissions on the African Continent: Can and will the COP21 treaty be implemented?
Abstract. African nations share a common situation in that they pollute little in terms of CO2s globally speaking, but at the same time global warming may have terrible consequences for the continent, set to face a sharp population increase. They have now access to few energy resources, which is conducive to their poverty. New renewables belong to the future (solar, wind, geo-thermal), whereas old renewables – wood coal – are a thing of the past. The coal or oil and gas dependent giants must start energy transformation, as must the many countries relying upon traditional biomass. The use of wood coal is simply too large for the survival of the African forest. Under the COP21, African countries have right to financial assistance, especially for more electricity to connect its rural and also many urban people to heating, air-conditioning and the electronic high ways. Without the COP21 promises, decarbonisation will be impossible in Africa, and thus its large need for more energy will lead to more CO2:s.Keywords. COP21 Agreement, African energy diversity, new and old renewables, coal or oil and gas dependency, Super Fund.JEL. A10; A22; A23; B10; E10