Prevalence, diagnosis and management of musculoskeletal disorders in elite athletes: A mini-review

Musculoskeletal injuries in elite sports are ones of the most impact issue because their remarkable impact on performance caused by drastic absence of training and competition and a progressive deterioration in physical health, emotional and social athletes' dimensions. Also, the prevalence of epidemiologic research found an incidence of musculoskeletal disorders vary within sports and in elite athletes which is even higher as a consequence of higher demand physical performance. This way, the loss of physical performance due to an sport injury impacts not only the individual economic sphere of the professional but also that ofsports entities, reaching, according to some studies, a loss estimated in the range of 74.7 million pounds. Thus, the purpose of this article is to review and to provide an overview of the most common musculoskeletal injuries in elite sports precipitating factors, clinical presentation, evidence-based diagnostic evaluation, and treatment recommendations with a view to preventing medical conditions or musculoskeletal injuries that may alter performance and general health in the elite athletes.Sin financiación3.8 Q1 JCR 20230.576 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE

Gender-specific differences in spinal alignment and muscle power in Parkinson ́s disease patients

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is an advancing neurodegenerative disorder characterized by spinal anomalies and muscular weakness, which may restrict daily functional capacities. A gender-focused examination of these effects could provide valuable insights into customized rehabilitation strategies for both sexes. Purpose: This study investigates the influence of spinal alignment on lower-limb function during the sit-to-stand (STS) movement in patients with Parkinson’s disease compared to healthy individuals. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted with 43 consecutive patients with PD (25 males and 18 females; average age 73.7 ± 7.1 years) and 42 healthy controls (22 males and 20 females; average age 69.8 ± 6.0 years). Assessments included the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ), Hoehn and Yahr staging, and measurements of vertical deviations from several spinal landmarks. Lower-limb muscle power during the STS task was evaluated using the Muscle Quality Index (MQI). Results: Both absolute (Watts) and relative (Watts/Kg) muscle power in the lower limbs were notably decreased in the PD group compared to the control group. Within the PD cohort, muscle power showed a negative relationship with age and a positive association with the degree of lumbar lordosis (PL-L3). Importantly, gender-specific analysis revealed that male patients with PD had significantly higher lower-limb muscle power compared to female patients with PD, highlighting the need for gender-tailored therapeutic approaches. Conclusions: The findings suggest that preserving lumbar lordosis is crucial for maintaining effective lower-limb muscle biomechanics in individuals with Parkinson’s disease.Sin Financiación3.0 Q1 JCR 20230.667 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE

European guidelines on peri-operative venous thromboembolism prophylaxis: first update. Introductory chapter

Sin Financiación4.2 Q1 JCR 20230.987 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE

Language Policy in Congo-Brazzaville

The richness of linguistic diversity in Congo-Brazzaville deserves an empirical examination so as to determine the extent to which language policy affects negatively or positively the development process of the country. This chapter overviews the status of language policy in the country. The aim of the chapter is to draw a picture of the different stages of language policy throughout history as well as examine the strengths and weaknesses of the current state of language policy. Accordingly, and although the status of language policy remains unchanged both during and after the colonial era, with French enjoying all high-status and transactional privileges among elites, there is a growing awareness among scholars (especially academics) that having French as the sole official language in Congo-Brazzaville is inadequate. Voices are now being heard in Congress urging and encouraging the use of local languages. This inadequacy is also the reason why on the scale of the most and the least valued languages in Congo-Brazzaville, French and ethnic languages tend to be associated with the two extremes of the same spectrum, where, on the one hand, French is overly the most valued, and, on the other hand, ethnic languages are the least valued. On the practical level, however, the linguistic diversity in the country has turned codeswitching into the norm in almost every conversation. The absence of any provision regarding language use allows the mix of languages, mainly French, Kituba, Lingala, and other ethnic languages, in almost all unofficial business.Sin financiaciónSPI 2022UE

LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: improving sensitivity to inflationary gravitational waves with multitracer delensing

We estimate the efficiency of mitigating the lensing B-mode polarization, the so-called delensing, for the LiteBIRD experiment with multiple external data sets of lensing-mass tracers. The current best bound on the tensor-to-scalar ratio, r, is limited by lensing rather than Galactic foregrounds. Delensing will be a critical step to improve sensitivity to r as measurements of r become more and more limited by lensing. In this paper, we extend the analysis of the recent LiteBIRD forecast paper to include multiple mass tracers, i.e., the CMB lensing maps from LiteBIRD and CMB-S4-like experiment, cosmic infrared background, and galaxy number density from Euclid- and LSST-like survey. We find that multi-tracer delensing will further improve the constraint on r by about 20%. In LiteBIRD, the residual Galactic foregrounds also significantly contribute to uncertainties of the B-modes, and delensing becomes more important if the residual foregrounds are further reduced by an improved component separation method.JP15H05891JP17H01115JP17H011255.3 Q1 JCR 20230.932 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2023UE

Psicopatía y agresión sexual

Sin FinanciaciónSPI 2022UE

LiteBIRD science goals and forecasts: primordial magnetic fields

We present detailed forecasts for the constraints on the characteristics of primordial magnetic fields (PMFs) generated prior to recombination that will be obtained with the LiteBIRD satellite. The constraints are driven by some of the main physical effects of PMFs on the CMB anisotropies: the gravitational effects of magnetically-induced perturbations; the effects on the thermal and ionization history of the Universe; the Faraday rotation imprint on the CMB polarization spectra; and the non-Gaussianities induced in polarization anisotropies. LiteBIRD represents a sensitive probe for PMFs. We explore different levels of complexity, for LiteBIRD data and PMF configurations, accounting for possible degeneracies with primordial gravitational waves from inflation. By exploiting all the physical effects, LiteBIRD will be able to improve the current limit on PMFs at intermediate and large scales coming from Planck. In particular, thanks to its accurate B-mode polarization measurement, LiteBIRD will improve the constraints on infrared configurations for the gravitational effect, giving BnB=-2.91 Mpc< 0.8 nG at 95% C.L., potentially opening the possibility to detect nanogauss fields with high significance. We also observe a significant improvement in the limits when marginalized over the spectral index, BnBmarg1 Mpc< 2.2 nG at 95 % C.L. From the thermal history effect, which relies mainly on E-mode polarization data, we obtain a significant improvement for all PMF configurations, with the marginalized case, √⟨B2⟩marg<0.50 nG at 95 % C.L. Faraday rotation constraints will take advantage of the wide frequency coverage of LiteBIRD and the high sensitivity in B modes, improving the limits by orders of magnitude with respect to current results, BnB=-2.91 Mpc < 3.2 nG at 95 % C.L. Finally, non-Gaussianities of the B-mode polarization can probe PMFs at the level of 1 nG, again significantly improving the current bounds from Planck. Altogether our forecasts represent a broad collection of complementary probes based on widely tested methodologies, providing conservative limits on PMF characteristics that will be achieved with the LiteBIRD satellite.Financial Institutions available on: 10.1088/1475-7516/2024/07/086 (p.42)5.3 Q1 JCR 20230.932 Q2 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE

New insights in mechanical ventilation in the obese patients

Sin financiación6.7 Q1 JCR 20221.019 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE

Pronóstico del trasplante cardiaco en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica y restrictiva. Análisis de un registro nacional

Introduction and objectives: Posttransplant outcomes among recipients with a diagnosis of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) or restrictive cardiomyopathy (RCM) remain controversial. Methods: Retrospective analysis of a nationwide registry of first-time recipients undergoing isolated heart transplant between 1984 and 2021. One-year and 5-year mortality in recipients with HCM and RCM were compared with those with dilated cardiomyopathy (DCM). Results: We included 3703 patients (3112 DCM; 331 HCM; 260 RCM) with a median follow-up of 5.0 [3.1-5.0] years. Compared with DCM, the adjusted 1-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.38; 95%CI, 1.07-1.78; P = .01, RCM: HR, 1.48; 95%CI, 1.14-1.93; P = .003. The adjusted 5-year mortality risk was: HCM: HR, 1.17; 95%CI, 0.93-1.47; P = .18; RCM: HR, 1.52; 95%CI, 1.22-1.89; P < .001. Over the last 20 years, the RCM group showed significant improvement in 1-year survival (adjusted R2 = 0.95) and 5-year survival (R2 = 0.88); the HCM group showed enhanced the 5-year survival (R2 = 0.59), but the 1-year survival remained stable (R2 = 0.16). Conclusions: Both RCM and HCM were linked to a less favorable early posttransplant prognosis compared with DCM. However, at the 5-year mark, this unfavorable difference was evident only for RCM. Notably, a substantial temporal enhancement in both early and late mortality was observed for RCM, while for HCM, this improvement was mainly evident in late mortality.Introducción y objetivos: Existe controversia acerca de los resultados del trasplante cardiaco en pacientes con miocardiopatía hipertrófica (MCH) o restrictiva (MCR). Métodos: Análisis retrospectivo de receptores adultos de un primer trasplante cardiaco entre 1984 y 2021 incluidos en un registro nacional. La mortalidad al primer y quinto año postrasplante en receptores con MCH y MCR se comparó con la de receptores con miocardiopatía dilatada (MCD). Resultados: Se incluyó a 3.703 pacientes (3.112 MCD; 331 MCH y 260 MCR) con seguimiento mediano de 5,0 años (3,1-5,0). En comparación con la MCD, el riesgo ajustado de mortalidad a 1 año fue: MCH: hazard ratio (HR)=1,38; intervalo de confianza del 95% (IC95%), 1,07-1,78; p=0,01, MCR: HR=1,48; IC95%, 1,14-1,93; p=0,003. El riesgo ajustado a 5 años fue: MCH: HR=1,17; IC95%, 0,93-1,47; p=0,18; MCR: HR=1,52; IC95%, 1,22-1,89; p<0,001. En los últimos 20 años, la MCR mejoró significativamente la supervivencia a 1 año (R2 ajustada=0,95) y a 5 años (R2=0,88); la MCH mejoró la supervivencia a 5 años (R2=0,59) y a 1 año permaneció estable (R2=0,16). Conclusiones: Se asoció la MCR y la MCH a peor pronóstico precoz postrasplante que la MCD. La diferencia desfavorable se mantuvo para la supervivencia a 5 años solo para la MCR. Se observa una tendencia temporal a mejor pronóstico precoz y tardío para la MCR, y solo para el tardío en la MCH.Sin financiación5.9 Q1 JCR 20221.1991 Q1 SJR 2023No data IDR 2022UE

ChatGPT as an information tool in rhinology. Can we trust each other today?

Purpose: ChatGPT (Chat-Generative Pre-trained Transformer) has proven to be a powerful information tool on various topics, including healthcare. This system is based on information obtained on the Internet, but this information is not always reliable. Currently, few studies analyze the validity of these responses in rhinology. Our work aims to assess the quality and reliability of the information provided by AI regarding the main rhinological pathologies. Methods: We asked to the default ChatGPT version (GPT-3.5) 65 questions about the most prevalent pathologies in rhinology. The focus was learning about the causes, risk factors, treatments, prognosis, and outcomes. We use the Discern questionnaire and a hexagonal radar schema to evaluate the quality of the information. We use Fleiss's kappa statistical analysis to determine the consistency of agreement between diferent observers. Results The overall evaluation of the Discern questionnaire resulted in a score of 4.05 (±0.6). The results in the Reliability section are worse, with an average score of 3.18. (±1.77). This score is afected by the responses to questions about the source of the information provided. The average score for the Quality section was 3.59 (±1.18). Fleiss's Kappa shows substantial agreement, with a K of 0.69 (p<0.001). Conclusión: The ChatGPT answers are accurate and reliable. It generates a simple and understandable description of the pathology for the patient's beneft. Our team considers that ChatGPT could be a useful tool to provide information under prior supervision by a health professional.Sin financiación2.6 Q2 JCR 20220.857 Q1 SJR 2022No data IDR 2022UE