Governance at a Crossroads: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Innovation in America

The accelerated adoption of Artificial Intelligence marks a pivotal moment in technological progress. AI is reshaping industries, redefining labor markets, and prompting critical societal reflections on intelligence, reasoning, and the dissemination of information. While AI offers opportunities for economic growth, it also presents risks that must be managed to avoid adverse societal and geopolitical outcomes, making effective and transparent governance more urgent than ever. This paper explores the potential of dynamic, collaborative public-private governance to foster safe innovation. Drawing from primary research, including interviews with tech industry leaders, U.S. Members of Congress, and staff, and an analysis of 150 AI-related bills introduced by the 118th U.S. Congress, this work identifies emerging areas of alignment between policymakers and industry stakeholders. It also highlights opportunities for a unified national approach, despite the challenges of a fragmented legislative environment. The authors propose a dynamic governance approach that brings government and industry together while combining the foresight of ex-ante measures with the adaptability needed to respond to technological advancements. Coupled with existing ex-post mechanisms, the Dynamic Governance Model creates a comprehensive framework to promote competition, innovation, and accountability. It represents a policy-agnostic extra-regulatory framework, including a public-private partnership for standards setting and a market-based ecosystem for audit and compliance.Version of Recor

Society, Patients, and Nazi Psychiatry: A History of Reappraisal

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Efferocytosis drives a tryptophan metabolism pathway in macrophages to promote tissue resolution

It will be great for us to have such a waiver statement as below: While all authors subscribe to NIH Open Policy, Harvard Medical School (HMS) does not demand that a non-HMS lead author of a manuscript on which an HMS co-author appears must pay the fee for the journal's own open access program.Author's Origina

Sublime Frequencies: Metaphysics of Resonance in Arvo Pärt, Cecilia Vicuña, and M.R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen

Through an inter-disciplinary and comparative study of the acoustic phenomenon of resonance—i.e., the synchronous vibration between two or more sounds—this dissertation thinks through a socially-engaged “sonic metaphysics” and phenomenology of sound in the field of religious studies, in three case studies of contemporary aesthetic and mystical works: Eastern Orthodox Estonian composer Arvo Pärt’s (1935-present) selected works from his early tintinnabuli period of composition; Mestizo Indigenous Chilean poet and artist Cecilia Vicuña’s (1948-present) selected Précario and Quipu works; and transnational Sri Lankan Sufi Shaikh M.R. Bawa Muhaiyaddeen’s (?-1986) The Resonance of Allah: Resplendent Explanations Arising from the Nūr, Allāh’s Wisdom of Grace. Critically, the study discovers how these three contemporary forms and dimensions of sonic religiosity act formally (through their content, form, and reception) to open up within and beyond established discourses of mysticism, animism, and aesthetics, to speak in new and socially-engaged ways about actual human and environmental relations and transformations. Each case study traces clear, detailed connections between metaphysical ideas about resonance and the impact of resonance on concerns such as self-realization and healing, social and environmental justice, humanitarian aid, medical care, and inter-religious tolerance, while examining the capacity of resonance to express continuities between metaphysics and the phenomenology of lived religious experience; to convey meaning across religious, political, and aesthetic categories of belonging; and to expand our capacity for listening and ethical action. Each case study likewise contributes both theoretical and ethnographic insights into how resonance, and sound more generally, convey roles as prayer, as presence, and as mode(s) of attunement that enact the creation of the cosmos and dialogue with the divine. The dissertation also uncovers the psychoacoustics of the listener’s embodied relationship with sound and presence and the capacity of resonance to elucidate commonalities in intersubjective experience (relational ontologies). The study contributes methodologically to the study of religion by situating resonance as a vital concept of contemporary interdisciplinary and comparative inquiry and positioning the listening subject and their experience at the center of the unfurling of sound within complex multi-religious and secular global spaces. More broadly, the study addresses how developing an account of the metaphysics of resonance in religion helps us to hear differently, with and for each other

Computerizing Diagnosis: Minds, Medicine and Machines in Twentieth Century America

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'The Fourth Estate in Medicine' — The History of the Medical Journal and the Medical Profession in the United States, 1797–Present

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Mosaic nucleic acids that bind purine nucleotides

Models for the origin of life have maintained that the first cells relied upon a single biopolymer for both genotype and phenotype. RNA may have provided these activities through its ability to transfer information via base-pairing and its ability to fold into functional structures. It follows that a comprehensive account of abiogenesis would include an understanding of prebiotic ribonucleotide synthesis. However, studies along these lines have shown that, depending on conditions, prebiotic chemistry may yield diverse nucleotides; some of which are based on sugars other than ribose. This monomer pool would likely support the polymerization of nucleic acid molecules characterized by a heterogeneous sugar-phosphate backbone. Copies of such mosaic nucleic acid (MNA) would conserve sequence information, but not the order and content of sugars in the sugar-phosphate backbone. Might MNA represent a possible source of early biological activity? The answer to this question largely depends on whether the structural heterogeneity of the sugar-phosphate backbone would allow for the emergence of selectable function. To test this possibility, we used in vitro selection to isolate purine nucleotide-binding MNA aptamers from a large library of random MNA sequences (containing an ∼1:1 mixed assignment of deoxy- and ribonucleotides). We report two MNA aptamers that bind either ATP or GTP with weak affinity (apparent KDs = ∼350 µM each) and moderate to high specificity. We conclude that variations in nucleic acid backbone content, perhaps introduced by imprecise synthesis, may not have posed an insurmountable barrier for the emergence of simple biological function

High continuity of forager ancestry in the Neolithic of the eastern Maghreb

Ancient DNA from the Mediterranean region has revealed long-range connections and population transformations associated with the spread of food producing economies [1-6]. However, in contrast to Europe, genetic data from this key transition in northern Africa are limited, and have only been available from the far western Maghreb (Morocco) [1-3]. Here, we present genome-wide data for nine individuals from the Later Stone Age (LSA) through the Neolithic in Algeria and Tunisia. The earliest individuals cluster with pre-Neolithic people of the western Maghreb (~15000-7600 Before Present (BP)), showing that this “Maghrebi” ancestry profile had a substantial geographic and temporal extent. At least one individual from Djebba (Tunisia), dating to ~8000 BP, harbored ancestry from European hunter-gatherers, likely reflecting early Holocene movement across the Strait of Sicily. Later Neolithic people from the eastern Maghreb retained largely local forager ancestry together with smaller contributions from European farmers (by ~7000 BP) and Levantine groups (by ~6800 BP), and were thus far less impacted by external gene flow than were populations in other parts of the Neolithic Mediterranean.Human Evolutionary BiologyAccepted Manuscrip

Self-assembly of chiroptical ionic co-crystals from silver nanoclusters and organic macrocycles

Atomically precise nanoclusters can be assembled into ordered superlattices with unique electronic, magnetic, optical, and catalytic properties. The co-crystallization of nanoclusters with functional organic molecules provides opportunities to access an even wider range of structures and properties but can be challenging to control synthetically. Here, we introduce a supramolecular approach to direct the assembly of atomically precise Ag nanoclusters into a series of nanocluster‒organic ionic cocrystals (NOICs) with tunable structures and properties. By leveraging non-covalent interactions between anionic Ag nanoclusters and cationic organic macrocycles with tunable sizes, the orientation of nanocluster surface ligands can be manipulated to achieve in-situ resolution of enantiopure NOICs that feature large chiroptical effects. Beyond chirality, this cocrystal assembly approach provides a promising platform for designing functional solid-state nanomaterials through a combination of supramolecular chemistry and atomically precise nanochemistry.Proo