Enhanced pathological tissue image categorization using a bag-of-features approach with roulette wheel whale optimization

Pathological tissue image categorization is essential in medical diagnostics, offering insights into disease types, progression, and treatment alternatives. The significant variability in tissue morphology and the overlapping visual patterns across different classes complicate accurate categorization. This study introduces an improved categorization model utilizing a bag-of-features (BoF) methodology integrated with the Roulette Wheel Whale Optimization Algorithm (RWWOA) to enhance classification accuracy and optimize feature selection efficiency. The proposed model utilizes the Bag-of-Features (BoF) technique to extract discriminative features from tissue images, thereby generating a feature-rich dictionary that represents various pathological structures. The RWWOA is employed to optimize feature selection, thereby reducing dimensionality and concentrating on the most pertinent features for precise categorization. Our method integrates the exploration capabilities of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) with the probabilistic selection mechanism of the roulette wheel, thereby dynamically balancing exploitation and exploration, which enhances convergence speed and categorization accuracy. Experimental results indicate that the RWWOA-BoF method outperforms traditional methods across various datasets, showing enhancements in classification precision, recall, and F1-score. This method offers a reliable resource for aiding pathologists in diagnostic imaging, which may expedite diagnostic processes and improve consistency in clinical practice.</p

Critique as a means of Jiaohua (Cultivation): insights from Confucianism

From a Confucian perspective, critique serves as a tool for jiaohua (cultivation), encompassing not only the transmission of knowledge but also the cultivation of morality. This article adopts theoretical and empirical approaches to explore the Confucian understanding of critique. Theoretically, critique in Confucianism is not merely a challenge directed at external individuals or society; rather, it is viewed as a personal moral and social responsibility. Empirically, this article draws on fieldwork conducted in Confucian schools to demonstrate how students, teachers, and parents employ critique as a corrective tool in educational practice. Confucian critique challenges the monolithic framework of Euro-American critical traditions, offering a pathway of ‘multiple modernities’ to global higher education while addressing the pressing need for a more equitable and diverse knowledge production system

Sharing stories, food and passports: forced migration, museum and memory activism in contemporary Germany

This article uses the online exhibition ‘Arriving: Life after Forced Migration’ by the Marienfelde Refugee Center Museum in Berlin as a case study to investigate how museum activism can contribute to creating and disseminating memories about contemporary forced migration. Employing a close visual and textual analysis of the online exhibition combined with insights from recent discourses on museum activism, migration and memory studies, the article explores which forms of memory the exhibition creates, how these memories emerge and to which end they are used. The analysis firstly illustrates how the exhibition creates a space for communicative memory to surface within the portrayed refugee families through the sharing of stories, objects and food from ‘home’. Secondly, it goes on to argue that the exhibition engages in memory activism by humanizing the portrayed individuals, exposing discriminatory state practices and challenging the audience through provocative questions. Thirdly, the article submits that this online exhibition contributes to a growing transnational archive of forced migration memories. Comprised of a multitude of online platforms dedicated to collecting, preserving and sharing forced migration stories, this archive stimulates multidirectional memory making and allows counter narratives to surface within an increasingly divided Europe

A complex systems view on physical activity with actionable insights for behaviour change

Physical inactivity and its associated health and economic burdens continue to rise despite decades of interdisciplinary research aimed at promoting physical activity. This Perspective takes a complex systems view on physical activity, proposing that at least two layers of complexity should be considered: (1) interactions between various physiological, psychological, social and environmental systems; and (2) their dynamic interactions across time. To address this complexity, all stages of the research process—from theory and measurement to study design, analysis and interventions—must be aligned with a complex systems perspective. This alignment requires intensive interdisciplinary collaboration and an integration of basic and applied research beyond current research practices to create transdisciplinary solutions. We offer actionable insights that bridge the gap between abstract theoretical approaches (for example, complex systems and attractor landscape frameworks of behaviour change) and practical research on physical activity, thereby laying a foundation for more effective behaviour change interventions

Exploring the effects of compression ratio and initial flame kernel radius on combustion characteristics and fuel economy of a dual-fuel spark ignition engine under oxy-fuel combustion mode

In order to mitigate greenhouse effect and promote carbon neutrality, Oxy-Fuel Combustion (OFC) technology implemented in the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE) has been an effective and promising approach to reduce or even eliminate CO2 emissions from the transportation sector. This research contributes novel insights into the effects of compression ratio (CR) and initial flame kernel radius (FK) on combustion characteristics and fuel economy of a Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) engine under OFC mode by a numerical method. The research results show that by increasing CR from 8.6 to 13.6, an apparent reduction can be seen in equivalent Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFCE). The corresponding ignition delay () has a reduction of 10 degrees, while combustion duration () are relatively stable. Moreover, the maximum cylinder pressure (max) has a rise of 8 bar and 20 bar at low load and mid-high load, respectively. By increasing FK from 0.2 mm to 1.2 mm, max and Pmax each presents a monotonic trend of growth and advancement, respectively. The reduction of at low load and mid-high load is each 28.5 degrees and 34.9 degrees. In the meantime, both BSFCE and in-cylinder temperature show a low level of sensitivity. The research findings could provide valuable insights for enhancing the combustion performance and economy of DFSI engines under OFC mode to mitigate the greenhouse effect

The gap between rhetoric and reality

Our chapter concerns the extent to which the topics of equality, diversity and inclusion are covered in the curricula of UK business schools. These topics are attracting a great deal of interest from higher education policy and professional bodies such as Advance HE (formerly the Higher Education Academy) and the Chartered Association of Business Schools, and yet, despite this high-profile interest, there is increasing evidence that these topics are often not covered in business school curricula, or only in the relatively ‘soft’ topics such as human resource management and business ethics

Public perceptions of marital rape:does level of force used have an impact?

Research indicates that marital rape is viewed by the public as less harmful to a victim than stranger/acquaintance rape. The aim of the study is to extend the research conducted by Robinson in 2017, investigating how levels of force influence perceptions of marital rape. The study also examines how rape perception is influenced by rape myth acceptance and attitudes towards women. The current study improves on previous work by controlling for individual differences across groups using a repeated-measures design. The results indicate that as the level of force increases the perception of marital rape increases. Positive attitudes towards women and low rape myth acceptance are also found to have a positive impact on perceptions of marital rape. Based on these findings, it is possible to recommend that further awareness of legislation regarding coercion and marital rape is required within the public domain.</p

Conversation analysis in gender and sexuality studies

The interdisciplinary field of Gender and Sexuality Studies addresses the historical, social and political forces shaping the ways members of society understand and experience their gender and sexuality. Conversation analysis is not primarily concerned with sex, gender, and sexuality: Rather its intellectual project is to explain how everyday life is produced through the routine interpersonal interactions that people have with each other. However, there are some important confluences, including the resonances between contemporary feminist post structuralist theories of gender performativity and ethnomethodological ones of gender as an achievement. Importantly feminist research using conversation analysis is expanding its scope by addressing significant social problems, such as gendered violence, women’s reproductive health, and “isms” in talk and interaction. Furthermore, such research can generate a grounded, evidential basis to inform responses to gender and sexuality issues as they continue to evolve with advances in new technologies

Observer-based control for time-delayed quasi-one-sided Lipschitz nonlinear systems under input saturation

This paper addresses the observer-based controller design problem for nonlinear time-delayed systems under input saturation. The nonlinearities are supposed to satisfy the quasi-onesided Lipschitz condition, which is less conservative than the one-sided Lipschitz condition. Based on the nonlinear matrix inequalities, control law for nonlinear systems subject to input saturation, time delays, and unavailable states, some sufficient conditions have been developed for an augmented system containing the system state vector and the error vector to ensure the convergence of all states to zero. The paper used a decoupling approach to reduce the complexity of the corresponding observer and controller gain computations. Finally, the effectiveness of the developed results is validated using suitable examples

Assessment of writing

In the dynamic landscape of the 21st century, writing remains an indispensable skill, serving as a powerful conduit for expression, communication, and documentation. With the exponential growth of digital communication platforms, the written word has transcended traditional boundaries. With the continuous evolution of writing, assessment of writing plays a more pivotal role than ever in ensuring that writing tests measure the new construct of writing with improved reliability and validity. This chapter begins with an introduction of the purposes of writing tests, followed by a brief history of assessment of L2 writing. Next follows a discussion of the major considerations of a writing test in relation to task features, the nature of writing processes and scoring. Finally, there is a discussion on the challenges and opportunities for the future of assessment of writing