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Temperature Management of Outborn Preterm Infants During Inter-hospital Transfer After Birth
Preterm infants have higher mortality rates compared to Infants born at term, and require support after birth. Maintaining normal body temperature (normothermia, temperature 36.5°C-37.5°C) after birth is a challenge for preterm infants and abnormal temperature is associated with increased mortality. Preterm infants are at high risk hypothermia (temperature 37.5°C). Preterm infants who are transferred to another hospital after birth for their ongoing care (outborn) are at greater risk of morbidities and mortality than comparable inborn infants. I wished to study how effectively newly born preterm infants’ temperature is kept within the normal range during inter-hospital transport in Ireland. I reviewed the literature concerning temperature control in neonatal transport and identified issues relating to how infant temperature is measured, how thermal supports are used to assist preterm newborns, and inconsistencies in how thermal outcomes are reported. This review also highlights an increase in mortality for infants that are hypothermic following inter-hospital transfer. I performed a retrospective review and a prospective study of preterm infants undergoing inter-hospital transport after birth by the National Neonatal Transport Program. Infants rectal temperature was measured for the prospective study. We identified improved rates of hypothermia at all stages of transport by our transport service. However, this was offset by increasing rates of infant hyperthermia. In the study cohort, skin and axillary temperature were unreliable for detecting abnormal core (rectal) temperature. Thermal supports were infrequently used. Accurately measuring and appropriately managing infant temperature during neonatal transfer is crucial. Improved temperature monitoring during transport of preterm infants, and the use of polyethylene wraps for preterm infants during neonatal transport require further study to improve thermal outcomes
Geography and Branding in the Craft Beer Industry
Place-based branding strategies are important marketing tools for both regions and firms and take advantage of consumers’ embrace of the local in response to globalization. Craft brewing is a particularly salient user of these strategies and provides ample data. We find a strong, positive link between the number of place-based labels and a brewery’s rating, suggesting consumers are receptive to place-based branding.Check issue date and citation details on checkdate -- J
Digital Constitutionalism: The Role of Internet Bills of Rights
A series of transformations within contemporary society is profoundly affecting the constitutional ecosystem. Existing constitutional norms shaped for ‘analogue’ communities struggle to address the challenges of the digital revolution. A unique response to this scenario has been the emergence of Internet bills of rights, non-binding declarations advocating constitutional principles for the digital society. This thesis examines this phenomenon, investigating in particular the role of these initiatives from a constitutional perspective. The first part of this work contextualises the emergence of Internet bills of rights. It is argued that contemporary society is witnessing a new constitutional moment. The constitutional ecosystem is reacting to face the challenges of the digital society through different normative instruments, including, but not limited to, Internet bills of rights. In light of the global and transnational character of the issues generated by the digital revolution, constitutional counteractions also emerge beyond the state dimension. The constitutional discourse is necessarily plural. However, these constitutional fragments can be interpreted as matching tesserae of a multi-level process of constitutionalisation. It is contended that these complementary normative responses share the goal of substantiating a form of digital constitutionalism, aiming to translate the core values of contemporary constitutionalism in light of the mutated characteristics of the digital society. The second part of this work analyses the role of Internet bills of rights in this complex process. It is claimed that, using the lingua franca of constitutions, these declarations aim to be part of the conversation on how to shape our constitutional principles in the digital age. Crucially, their informal and non-binding character enables the participation of a broad number of actors and enhances their capability of advancing innovative ideas. It is therefore argued that Internet bills of rights play a compensatory and stimulatory function within the ongoing process of constitutionalisation of the digital society. The analysis of their scope of application and substantive content is then presented as a litmus test of the health of our constitutional systems, highlighting areas affected by constitutional ‘anaemia’, a significant mismatch between constitutional norms and social reality, and thus requiring an urgent update
The right PATH for trans health: the launch of the Professional Association for Trans Health Ireland – PATH
On Saturday, September 14, a group of healthcare professionals, academics, and community advocates launched the Professional Association for Trans Health Ireland (PATHI) during the closing plenary of the TransCare conference in University College Cork
How large families fare in Germany: Examining child poverty risks and policy solutions
Historically, researchers and policymakers alike recognized the risk of poverty among large families, but family size is often neglected in the contemporary literature. This article revives an examination of the connections between family size and poverty risk for children with a focus on Germany. We take a child-centered perspective by analyzing a sample of 13–14 year-old children from the National Educational Panel Study (NEPS). First, we provide a detailed overview of the welfare and tax policies aimed at large families in Germany. Next, we estimate the poverty risk and prevalence for children in large families (looking at families with 3+ and 4+ children). Finally, we discuss how the policy and socio-economic context interacts with the risk of poverty. We identify that the means-tested social assistance scheme penalizes large families, while the child benefit would only acknowledge higher need of middle-income families with three or more children.Irish Research CouncilCheck for published version during checkdate report - RO
Transfer Learning-based Seizure Detection on Multiple Channels of Paediatric EEGs
The 2023 45th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine & Biology Society (EMBC), Sydney, Australia, 24-27 July 2023Epilepsy is a common neurological disease characterised by recurring seizures that affect up to 70 million people worldwide. During the first ten years of life, approximately one in every 150 children is diagnosed with epilepsy. EEG is an important tool for diagnosing seizures and other brain disorders. However, expert visual analysis of EEGs is time-consuming. In addition to reducing expert annotation time, the automatic seizure detection method is a powerful tool for assisting experts with the analysis of EEGs. Research on the automated detection of seizures in pediatric EEG has been limited. Deep learning algorithms are typically used in paediatric seizure detection methods; however, they are computationally expensive and take a long time to develop. This problem can be solved using transfer learning. In this study, we developed a transfer learning-based seizure detection method on multiple channels of paediatric EEGs. The publicly available CHB-MIT EEG dataset was used to build our method. The dataset was split into training (n=14), validation (n=4), and testing (n=6). Spectrograms generated from 10 s EEG signals with 5 s overlap were used as the input into three pre-trained transfer learning models (ResNet50, VGG16 and InceptionV3). We took care to separate the children into either the training or test set to ensure that the test set was independent. Based on the EEG test set, the method has 85.41% accuracy, 85.94% recall, and 85.49% precision. This method has the potential to assist researchers and clinicians in the automated analysis of seizures in paediatric EEGs.European Commission Horizon 202
Place-based Policies and Household Wealth in Africa
This paper provides empirical evidence on the impact of a prominent placebased policy - Special Economic Zones (SEZs) - on the economic well-being of African households. We compile a novel dataset on repeated cross-sections of households living in various distance bands around SEZs in 10 African countries over the period of 1990 to 2020. Exploiting time variation in SEZ establishment, the estimation yields that households in the vicinity of SEZs become significantly wealthier compared to the national average after SEZs are established. The effect is most pronounced for households within 10 km and decays rapidly with distance. We show that this result is not driven by the residential sorting of wealthier households in SEZ neighbourhoods. The rise in wealth is strongest towards the middle of the wealth distribution and goes hand in hand with increased access to household utilities, higher consumption of durable goods, higher levels of education, and a shift away from agricultural activities - patterns that we interpret as indicative of an urbanization trend and the strengthening of the middle class.Pagination (dc.identifier.start/endpage): Optiona
Review: Cédric Hugrée, Etienne Pénissat and Alexis Spire (2020) Social Class in Europe: New Inequalities in the Old World
In Social Class in Europe three sociologists bring a refreshing perspective to the debate. The authors start from the view that “in the context of financialisation of the economy and the triumph of free trade, relations between social classes are largely determined at the European level and no longer simply within a national framework” (p. 181). Therefore, they propose an analysis of class relations from a European perspective, using various EU statistical surveys.Irish Research CouncilEuropean Commission Horizon 2020European Research Counci
Making Open Access count: Creating standards to measure the use of Open Access resources
Consortium of National and University Libraries (CONUL) Conference, 31 May 2017, Athlone, IrelandProposal to create a standard for detecting and excluding web robot traffic in Open Access institutional repository download statistics
A feminist vision of care and economic equality
This report develops a feminist vision of care and economic equality, by exploring the interconnections between care and gendered inequalities, particularly in the economic shpere, due to the prevalence of unpaid or low paid care work. Power inequalities at the heart of the care economy - both in Ireland and globally - are examined and the way social investment in care could support a labour intensive industry, which has the potential to attain greater gender equality, more decent jobs, address global regional inequalities and contribute to more sustainable economic development. Care and care provision are central to understanding women's economic inequality and poverty in Ireland and globally. Care work is largely unpaid or low paid, and mainly taken on by women from marginalised sectors in homes, communities and institutional settings. Unpaid care work subsidises every area of the national and global economy. Together with low-paid care, it is at the root of systems of economic exploitation. This paper combines analysis of the global and Irish care models with the lived experiences of women in Ireland (namely home carers; disabled women; Traveller women and lone parents). It makes substantial policy recommendations for Ireland to be a leading voice in recognising the value of care and putting care at the centre of its policies. By actioning these recommendations Ireland will ensure care is rewarded; the burden of unpaid care work on women is reduced; care is redistributed within households, between households and State and between States; and care is reclaimed as a social and public responsibility through properly financed universal quality public services.ActionAidNational Women's Council of Ireland2024-08-22 JG: PDF replaced with correct ite