Strength in numbers:Scale, scope, and performance in multipartner alliances

The general assumption is that multipartner alliances are increasingly favored by firms as means of creating larger pools of shared resources and capabilities. Yet, extant literature has hardly moved beyond anecdotal evidence to systematically address the mechanisms driving their configuration and performance. This study is a step toward clarifying important unknowns about multipartner alliances by proposing and testing a model of multipartner alliance performance that involves two key mediating mechanisms, i.e., alliance scale and scope, that may explain how higher performance is achieved in these increasingly popular forms of organizing interorganizational efforts. The empirical context of the study is the motion picture industry where multipartner alliances have become exceedingly popular in recent decades. Empirical results partially support our proposed theory by demonstrating that alliance scale but not alliance scope mediates the relationship between the number of partners and alliance performance. Our results hold important implications for the growing literature on multipartner alliances

Monetary policy and climate obligations:Can the ING case bypass ECB independence?

This article discusses the independence of the European Central Bank in relation to climate obligations. The article first considers the independence of the ECB and the applicability of secondary legislation through the OLAF case; it then discusses the relationship between the primary mandate and the right to environmental protection codified by the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the EU. The article argues that the primary mandate must abide by the climate obligations. It then continues by assessing the climate plan of the ECB’s monetary policy in light of the recent ECtHR case law on the matter and determining that the current ECB climate plan lacks specific targets and evaluation criteria. The article then discusses the ECB’s climate obligations in light of the secondary mandate. It is argued that there are multiple options open to the ECB on how to reach emission reduction targets, and that detailed instructions on how to reach the targets from the legislator would interfere with its independence. Finally, the upcoming Dutch climate case of Milieudefensie v ING may provide a further piece of the puzzle, in that it may provide more clarity on the obligations of (commercial) banks. By contrast, without climate targets in its monetary policy, the ECB may circumvent financial stimulation to brown industries through its own purchases. This would result in an undesirable situation as the ECB would be able to purchase assets that commercial banks cannot. It is therefore this article’s conclusion that preliminary questions touching on this topic should be asked in the Dutch case; ideally, the Court of Justice of the European Union should then use the opportunity to require of the ECB that it abides by its climate obligation

Proportionality in modern regulatory states confused about priorities: Judges like, but do not comply with academic doctrines

This chapter assesses the proportionality principle in European case law and legal thought. The focus is on the different interpretations of the principle in courts as opposed to those defended in literature, mainly by those who work in the slipstream of Robert Alexy. The chapter prioritises a judicial perspective over an academic one when assessing proportionality. It leans towards an inductive approach and shows that courts often lack a strict structure in their legal reasoning. Academic literature suggests a fully matured doctrine with a structured test that is applied quasi-systematically by courts with only small variations. But the formulation in literature of the components of the test is often more normative than descriptive. Judgments that do not deal with the proportionality test in a structured way are abundant but disregarded by scholars as poorly motivated. A broad historical approach is proposed as a background for a deeper understanding of the rise and pretended use of the principle in Europe. The argument is structured as follows. It begins by discussing the European struggles with giving clear priority to rights ( section II.A ). Rights in Europe are prima facie trumps (section II.B), in line with a tradition of paternalism and priority of the modern state where experts with expert-language become central characters (section II.C – D). The use of proportionality hints is a way for judges to secure recognition as experts ( section V.C ) and to play a role of peacemaking or truce-keeping in a world without shared first moral principles (section VI

Coregulation between parents and elementary school-aged children in response to challenge and in association with child outcomes:A systematic review

Parent-child coregulation, the active dyadic adaptation of biological states, behaviors, and emotions, is an important developmental process. Especially in challenging situations, children need coregulatory support from their parents, which supports the formation of their self-regulation skills. While research has established that coregulation occurs in various contexts across the developmental period, less is known about what constitutes coregulation in terms of child adjustment and the contextual factors that affect coregulation. This systematic review examined what constitutes parent-child coregulation in response to an experimentally induced challenge and in association with child socioemotional outcomes. Systematic searches were conducted in Web of Science, APA PsycInfo, and PubMed, adhering to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses guidelines. Fourteen full-text, peer-reviewed, empirical journal articles that were available in English were included. Children were between the ages of 3 and 12 (Mage = 5.37 years, 44%-100% male, 6.3%-90% White). Findings indicate that behavioral and emotional coregulation in response to challenge is positively associated with better child self-regulation. Coregulation associated with positive child outcomes seems to be characterized by high flexibility and dyadic synchrony in mutually responsive and engaged states. Findings regarding physiological coregulation suggest that high levels of physiological synchrony can be maladaptive for child outcomes in the presence of risk (e.g., poverty, maltreatment). In addition, this review highlighted the current ambiguity surrounding the diverse terminologies and concepts used to measure coregulation. The findings of this review reveal a significant link between parent-child coregulation and child socioemotional outcomes, while supporting the idea that contextual factors need to be considered to understand its significance. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).</p

Real-time incentivizing survey completion with game-based rewards in experience sampling research may increase data quantity, but reduces data quality

Experience sampling methodology (ESM) requires participants to repeatedly rate various psychological states in everyday life. This can be burdensome, leading to frequently skipped or missed assessments that undermine the ecological validity of collected data. Financially compensating participants may counter suboptimal response rates, but monetary rewards are not always feasible or ethical, and are unfitting to counter non-response in the moment. Here, we investigated the potential of a gamified momentary reward strategy to encourage survey completion. In a between-person experiment, we randomly assigned 193 participants to take part in a standard (i.e., no momentary incentives) or gamified ESM protocol. Upon completing a survey in the gamified condition, participants immediately received some virtual coins to purchase various in-app rewards (fun facts or personalized graphs). Gamifying momentary survey completion resulted in higher response rates and shorter latencies, but only for participants who frequently bought rewards in the coin store. Paradoxically, momentary gamification also caused participants’ responses to be slightly more unreliable. Completion times did not differ. The reward schemes of future ESM studies should focus on both response quantity and quality. To further explore the potential of momentary incentive strategies, we provide open access to customizable gamification building blocks within our ESM platform, m-Path

Effects of predictability on visual and linguistic narrative comprehension in autistic and non-autistic adults

Autistic individuals sometimes show differences from non-autistic individuals when understanding stories, regardless of whether those stories are told through words or pictures. In narrative comprehension, predicting upcoming words or events in a story may facilitate understanding. In studies measuring event-related potentials (ERPs) with non-autistic adults, more predictable words in a linguistic narrative or panels in a visual narrative typically elicit reduced N400 amplitudes compared to less predictable words/panels. However, the predictive processes used by autistic individuals may differ from those used by non-autistic individuals, which could contribute to differences in narrative comprehension. Here, we report two studies examining predictive processing in linguistic and visual narrative comprehension among autistic and non-autistic adults. Autistic adults showed earlier N400 modulations by cloze compared to non-autistic adults in both linguistic and visual modalities, which may reflect a more bottom-up processing style that relies less on active prediction of upcoming words or events

Emotional memory bias in adolescents with chronic pain:Examining the relationship with neural, stress, and psychological factors

Memory biases for pain-related information may contribute to the development and maintenance of chronic pain; however, evidence for when (and for whom) these biases occur is mixed. Therefore, we examined neural, stress, and psychological factors that could influence memory bias, focusing on memories that motivate disabling behaviors: pain perception, conditioned responses to threat-and-safety cues, and responses to aversive nonnoxious stimuli. Two studies were conducted with adolescents with and without chronic pain. Data from 58 participants were included in study 1 (chronic pain n = 34, pain free n = 24, mean age = 16 years), and 39 participants were included in study 2 (chronic pain n = 26, pain free n = 13, mean age = 16 years). Both studies used a threat-safety learning paradigm with memory recall (≈1 month later). Participants completed structural and functional (resting-state) magnetic resonance imaging, salivary cortisol measurements, and self-report measures. Adolescents with pain and pain-free peers consistently recalled being more afraid of safety cues (CS-) and, during heightened stress at encoding (higher cortisol levels), also reported being more afraid of threat cues (CS+). However, no memory bias was present for the emotional response to an aversive stimulus (US; loud scream) or for the recall of pain intensity. Functional connectivity of the amygdala and hippocampus with memory circuits related to the degree of memory bias, but the specific connections varied between the studies, and we observed no relationship between memory bias and brain morphology. Our findings highlight the value of considering the interaction between implicit and explicit memory systems, contributing to a more comprehensive understanding of emotional memory biases in the context of chronic pain.</p

De juridische transitie naar een circulaire economie in de bouwsector:Een rondedans van risico's, verantwoordelijkheden en samenwerking

Samenvatting van het doctoraatsonderzoek dat ik in juni 2023 heb verdedigd