Die Zukunft des Journalismus : zehn Szenarien für das nächste Jahrzehnt

Der Band beschreibt die aktuellen Entwicklungen des Journalismus in der Mitte der 2020er Jahre und dreht sie plausibel um ein Jahrzehnt weiter. Unser Bild von der Zukunft des Journalismus entsteht aus zehn Trends, die versuchen, der Vielschichtigkeit des Journalismus gerecht zu werden. Es geht uns um die Inhalte und Themen genauso wie um Recherche und Storytelling oder um Rahmenbedingungen wie die Finanzierung. Konstruktiv und publikumsorientiert wird der Journalismus in den nächsten zehn Jahren sein. Er wird nahezu ausschließlich digital genutzt. Dies bringt viele Herausforderungen mit sic

Peace journalism

Over the years, peace journalism has experienced growth in terms of its understanding and practice. Rooted in research based upon peacebuilding and conflict-resolution, the concept has been used to train journalists reporting from conflict areas around the globe to focus on the suffering of the many and to highlight areas of agreement between the various entities at arms against each other. The concept has also faced criticism for its normative approach and for placing the task of peacebuilding on journalists. Despite the progress achieved by the concept, in this entry we argue that peace journalism can strengthen its theoretical foundations and enhance its application by focusing on contextual elements, by incorporating learnings from conflict research, and by exploring opportunities offered by digitalization

Medical students’ perception of supervision in MedUniVienna’s structured internal medicine and surgery clerkship program : Subject-specific differences and clerkship sequence effects

Background: Clerkships for supervised learning of clinical skills are part of modern medical curricula. The availability of clerkship placements in clinics and the provision of competent supervision are essential for effective work-based learning. The scheduling of compulsory and elective work-based learning opportunities for undergraduate medical students (UGMS), especially when their numbers are high, results in varying clerkship sequences, which can influence career plans and examination outcomes. The effect of different clerkship sequences on students' impressions of clinical supervision remains unclear. Therefore, this study describes subject-specific differences in students' perceptions of clinical supervision during surgical (SC) and internal medicine (IMC) clerkships and addresses the impact of varying clerkship sequences and increasing clinical experience thereon. Method: In this survey, 1,017 final-year students at the Medical University of Vienna (from 2015 to 2019) retrospectively evaluated the quality of supervision they received during the SC and IMC using a newly piloted questionnaire on supervisory roles. Results: Students described their supervisors as less likely to exercise the roles of gatekeeper/safeguarding, training, and mentoring during the SC than during the IMC. During IMC, the supervisory activities received most often were to ensure patient and trainee safety, whereas during SC, it was to ensure trainee safety and to teach techniques and procedures. Ensuring an appropriate level of clinical duty was the third highest priority in both clerkships. Students’ general clinical experience influenced how they perceived the supervision, with students completing SC later in their pathway reporting having received similar levels of supervision in both clerkships. Conclusions: Supervision experiences during the first clerkship appear to shape students’ expectations of subsequent supervision. Providing additional support to foster a strong supervisory relationship, tailored to meet the specific supervision needs of UGMS newly entering year 6, could benefit both supervisors and students

The subject realization in L2 Spanish by German L1 speakers : a corpus study

This article deals with the realization of referential subjects in the L2 Spanish of German (adult) native speakers. The acquisition of a null subject grammar by speakers of a non-null subject language has drawn considerable attention in generative approaches to L2 acquisition. This article revisits the issue and compares the predictions made by the Interface Hypothesis (Sorace 2005, 2011, Sorace and Filiaci 2006, Tsimpli and Sorace 2006) to an alternative, the Feature Reassembly Hypothesis (Lardiere 2008, Slabakova 2013 Cho and Slabakova 2014). Relying on corpus data, the study presents a novel empirical approach and applies an innovate statistical analysis procedure from learner corpus research. The results of the study corroborate previous empirical findings, namely that pronouns, yet not null subjects, are problematic, but also brings in new insights, in particular that issues with pronouns are consistent and go beyond the contexts predicted by the Interface Hypothesis. The contrasts between L1 and L2 subject realization found in the data therefore can only in part be explained to result from interface issues. The Feature Reassembly Hypothesis offers a suitable additional explanation relating the issues to the properties of the L1 and L2 learnability

Bridging the science-policy gap in sustainable tourism : evidence from a multiple case study analysis of UNWTO INSTO sustainable tourism observatories

While monitoring sustainable tourism (ST) has become popular in the twenty first century, a clear implementation gap has been acknowledged worldwide. This paper argues that the inadequate implementation might be linked to a knowledge gap on procedures, approaches and instruments to operationalise evidence-informed destination management. Indeed, the routines and procedures to run an inter-institutional adaptive management cycle at the interface between research organisations and the tourism ecosystem are mostly unknown. Based on the identified science-policy gap, this paper addresses the role of the UNWTO INSTO observatories as innovative catalysts to co-create an adaptive transformation of the tourism system, i.e. to bridge indicator-based knowledge production on sustainability performance, knowledge transfer and knowledge use, and to foster concrete actions and a transformation at any level. The catalytic role of INSTO observatories is explored by means of an exploratory and qualitative study. A multiple case study was conducted on selected observatories (Guanajuato in Mexico, Algarve in Portugal, Sleman in Indonesia) to capitalise on the individual experiences and identify strengths and challenges of different approaches to evidence-informed decision-making procedures. Lessons learnt from the case studies shed light on possible strategies to fill the science-policy gap and foster mutual learning at INSTO level and beyond

International perspectives and attitudes towards speech and language therapy and multilingualism

For decades, survey studies have shown that adequately assessing and treating multilingual children is a challenge for Speech & Language Therapists (SLTs), due to the scarcity of clinical tools and procedures that take into account the influence that atypical linguistic exposure and the L1 exert on L2 performance. However, the exact reasons why such tools and procedures are not available to SLTs were not fully clarified in previous studies. In a new online survey, 297 SLTs from 17 different countries were asked about their perspectives on SLT service provision for multilingual children with regard to their practical applicability and relevance. Participants were asked to rate their degree of agreement with 17 statements about multilingualism on a scale from 1 to 5. The results show that working with multilingual children is effortful for SLTs. SLTs indicated that assessment tools in languages beyond the societal language are not easily accessible, and that they are not content with the currently available tools. Similarly, SLTs find it difficult to access interpreters to help in the service provision for multilingual children. Participants also agreed that foreign language speakers should be recruited for the profession to increase the linguistic diversity among SLTs. Mandatory internships are considered useful to increase concrete experience in working with multilingual patients. Pointing to a lack of resources, SLTs consider easy access to useful materials and concrete experiences with multilingualism important to promote the development of multilingual and multicultural attitudes and appropriate approaches to linguistic diversity in clinical practice

Service Learning : Theological Ethics in ESD

Experiences in a special Service-Learning projec: The Master's Program "Education for Sustainable Development" is based at the geography department. The teaching project already has a long tradition. It was first carried out in 2012 and has continued with a few interruptions to this day. The project employed a service-learning-method, wherein ESD-students engaged directly with community and ecclesiastical institutions such as the Monastery, Catholic schools, or kindergartens

Revolutioniert die Blockchain das Personalcontrolling?

In dem Beitrag analysieren die Autoren das Disruptionspotenzial der Blockchain-Technologie im Bereich des Personalcontrollings. Sie stellen fest, dass Blockchain weit über Kryptowährungen hinausreicht und durch ihre Eigenschaften – Transparenz, Nachvollziehbarkeit und Manipulationssicherheit – neue Möglichkeiten für das Personalwesen bietet. Das Personalcontrolling, unterteilt in strategisch und operativ, könnte durch Blockchain insbesondere bei der Datenverifizierung, Vertragsabwicklung, Weiterbildung und Lohnabrechnung effizienter gestaltet werden

„Wo bin ich und wo will ich hin?“ : ein Gruppentherapieprogramm für orientierungslose, psychosomatisch erkrankte Jugendliche

Fragestellung: Welchen Einfluss hat die Konkretisierung der poststationären Lebens- und Berufsperspektive auf das Ergebnis der stationären Behandlung psychosomatisch erkrankter Jugendlicher? Methode: Randomisierte Fall-Kontroll-Studie. Ergebnisse: Die „Perspektiv- bzw. Orientierungsgruppe“ wird von den Teilnehmenden gut angenommen und als wichtiger Teil der Behandlung erlebt. Teilnehmende Patient_innen erleben sich bei Entlassung von der (Rest-)Symptomatik deutlich weniger belastet als Patient_innen der Kontrollgruppe. Schlussfolgerung: Durch das Gruppenprogramm gelingt es, den Fokus vieler Betroffener weg von der Patienten-Identität in Richtung einer so gesehen gesunden Zukunftsorientierung zu entwickeln und damit den Therapieverlauf zu verbessern. Entsprechend sollte das Angebot in die stationäre Standard-Therapie integriert werden. Darüber hinaus stellt sich die Frage nach einem möglichen Stellenwert der Gruppe in der primären Prävention

Adaptive Metacognitive Prompting in Young Learners and the Role of Prior Performance

Metacognitive prompting has been shown to effectively support Self-Regulated Learning (SRL) in computer-based learning environments (CBLEs) and thereby enhance learning performance. Adaptive prompting as a way to successfully tailor prompts to the learners’ needs remains understudied, especially among young learners in lower secondary education who were shown to be in a critical phase in their development of metacognitive skills. The present study investigates the effects of adaptive, metacognitive prompting on SRL activities through self-reports and trace data, and on learning performance. In a pre-post experimental design, 72 lower secondary students received prompting (n = 38) or no prompting (n = 34). Results show that metacognitive prompting led to higher self-reported metacognitive SRL activities. It did not result in significant differences in learning performance, however, prior performance level was identified as a significant moderator. Implications for SRL research with focus on low achieving learners are discussed