Pengaruh Telefarmasi dengan Metode Medication Therapy Management terhadap Hasil Terapi Pasien Prolanis Diabetes Mellitus Puskesmas Babat Lamongan

Diabetes mellitus (DM) merupakan penyakit menahun yang ditandai dengan kadar gula darah melebihi batas normal karena kelainan sekresi insulin, kerja insulin dan keduanya. Program Pengelolaan Penyakit Kronis ini dijalankan di fasilitas kesehatan tingkat pertama yaitu Puskesmas. Konsep asuhan kefarmasian dilengkapi dengan kolaborasi interprofesional antara apoteker dan dokter berbasis Medication Therapy Management (MTM) dan membuat pasien berperan aktif dalam pengobatannya. Penggunaan telefarmasi metode MTM dalam pelayanan pasien untuk dapat memudahkan tugas apoteker dan dapat mencapai target terapi yang diinginkan untuk pasien. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengetahui pengaruh pemberian telefarmasi metode MTM terhadap gula darah puasa dan adanya Drug Related Problem (DRP). Rancangan penelitian menggunakan experimental one group dengan menganalisis pengaruh telefarmasi metode MTM kepada pasien prolanis DM Puskesmas Babat periode Desember 2023 sampai Januari 2024. Hasil dari penelitian ini didapatkan 53 pasien DM tipe 2 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Rata-rata GDP sebelum intervensi adalah 245 mg/dL dan setelah intervensi 213 mg/dL. Hasil t test menunjukkan nilai 0,004 menyatakan perbedaan yang signifikan dan DRP sebelum intervensi ditemukan 53 dan turun menjadi 44 DRP setelah intervensi

Unveiling Effective CSCL Constructs for STEM Education in Malaysia and Indonesia

The acquisition of knowledge and skills in the fields of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) plays a crucial role in fostering the development of future innovators. These subjects are critical for creating future thinkers. Additionally, it is important to note that there are a lot of job openings in the STEM fields, and this trend is expected to keep growing. However, students don’t seem to be as motivated to study in STEM fields or work in STEM fields. One teaching method that is becoming more popular is computer-supported collaborative learning (CSCL). This is because it can have a big effect on how people learn, especially in STEM subjects. It is very important to set up a CSCL learning environment for STEM schooling right away. However, that there isn’t a good framework and there aren’t many widely used design methods in this area. Without a question, there is a strong need to learn more about design methodologies in the areas of collaborative and technology-enhanced learning to come up with simple methods for CSCL. Because of this, the goal of this study is to investigate the conceptual parts of CSCL methods in STEM education. This will be used to make CSCL educational methods that are good especially for STEM education. STEM academics in Malaysia and Indonesia were surveyed using questionnaires to find the most important parts of CSCL strategies in STEM education, and the results were analysed using the Fuzzy Delphi Method. The results give us a list of CSCL settings used in schools, which can be used as a guide for creating and using CSCL strategies in STEM education

Ulasan: Terapi Herbal untuk Penyembuhan Luka Ulkus Kaki Diabetik (Review: Herbal Therapy for Diabetic Foot Ulcer Wound Healing)

Komplikasi DM lebih lanjut dapat menyebabkan penderita DM mengalami diabetic ulcers. Pada luka kronis seperti diabetic ulcers, proses penyembuhan menjadi terhambat akibat adanya kondisi hiperglikemia, infeksi bakteri, dan vaskularisasi yang buruk. Penelitian mengenai agen penyembuhan luka dengan tanaman obat yang memiliki efektivitas terhadap penyembuhan luka diabetic ulcers telah banyak dilakukan. Tujuan dari review ini adalah penelusuran pustaka terkait tanaman obat atau herbal yang memeiliki aktivitas dalam penyembuhan diabetic ulcers. Metode yang digunakan adalah dengan mengumpulkan data dari berbagai artikel ilmiah yang membahas mengenai potensi tanaman obat yang terdaftar pada Farmakope Herbal Indonesia (FHI) yang terbukti baik secara in vivo atau in vitro atau uji klinis memiliki efektivitas penyembuhan luka pada diabetic ulcers. Kami mengulas 39 artikel dari 23 tanaman herbal yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Kesimpulannya adalah terdapat banyak penelitian berbasis hewan yang mengkonfirmasi aktivitas tanaman herbal dan konstituen aktifnya dalam penyembuhan luka diabetes. Aplikasi topikal produk herbal dan konstituen aktifnya dalam formulasi bisa menjadi alternatif yang baik untuk pengobatan luka diabetes

Effects of Methotrexate, Moringa Leaf (Moringa oleifera) Extract, and Sambiloto Leaf (Andrographis paniculata) Extract on Blood Glucose Levels, Interleukin-6 Levels, and Trabecular Density in Streptozotocin-Nicotinamide-Induced Hyperglycemic Rodents

Introduction: Methotrexate (MTX), Moringa oleifera (MO), and Andrographis paniculata (AP) have been reported to have anti-hyperglycemic, antioxidative, and anti-inflammatory effects in diabetic rats. This study aims to investigate the single and combination effects of MTX, MO, and AP on random blood glucose levels, interleukin-6 (IL-6) levels, and trabecular density in diabetic rats. Methods: A total of 49 male rats were divided into seven groups, namely one control group and six diabetes mellitus (DM) groups. All rats in the DM groups were injected with streptozotocin-nic-otinamide (STZ-NA) intraperitoneally. In addition, the DM groups were administered with a placebo daily (DG), a single dose of 500 mg/kg BW MO daily (DG+MO), a single dose of 500mg/kg BW AP daily (DG+AP), a single dose of 7 mg/kg BW MTX once a week (DG+MTX), a combination of MTX+MO, and a combination MTX+AP, respectively. The experiment lasted for 28 days. On day 29, the right and left femur of the rats were collected for IL-6 examination (ELISA) and histopathological analysis. Results: IL-6 expression levels were significantly lower in diabetic rats treated with single and combination of MTX, MO, and AP compared to untreated diabetic rats (p < 0.05). However, the random blood glucose levels and trabecular density between treated and untreated diabetic rats were not significantly different (p < 0.001, p = 0.152). In addition, IL-6 levels were not correlated with trabecular density in all groups (r =-0.057, p = 0.722). Conclusion: Single doses of MTX, MO leaf extract, and AP leaf extract could suppress IL-6 expression in the femur tissue in diabetic rats. However, the IL-6 expression was not correlated with trabecular density although it significantly affected blood glucose levels in this study

Pharmacy Students’ Over-the-counter Recommendations for Primary Dysmenorrhea and Childhood Fever Cases in an Indonesian University

Background: The quality of pharmacy education is stated in the literature to be one of the factors influencing the quality of selfmedication services in pharmacies. However, research describing the ability of pharmacy students to handle self-medication cases is limited. Objectives: This study aims to describe pharmacy students’ recommendations for two vignette cases involving analgesicantipyretics (i.e., primary dysmenorrhea and childhood fever cases) in an Indonesian university and to identify factors related to the appropriateness of their recommendations. Methods: Apothecary students were asked to provide recommendations and their reasoning for primary dysmenorrhea and childhood fever cases using a structured telephone interview. Results: Of the 86 participants, appropriate recommendations were provided by 86% and 78% for a case of primary dysmenorrhea and for childhood fever respectively. One-quarter of students did not identify referral criteria in the case of childhood fever and thus made inappropriate recommendations. Age and study period were factors significantly related to providing appropriate recommendations, in which students who were younger and completed their study program within 5 to 6 years were significantly able to provide appropriate recommendations compared to students who were older and whose study period exceeded 6 years. Conclusion: A considerable number of apothecary students in an Indonesian university were able to properly manage cases related to analgesic-antipyretic recommendations. Further qualitative research is needed to identify factors underlying the knowledge of Indonesian pharmacy students in identifying major and minor patient presentations

Predicting anti-COVID-19 potential: in silico analysis of Mauritine compound from Ziziphus- spina christi as a promising papain-like protease (PLpro) inhibitor

The COVID-19 pandemic caused by the SARS-CoV-2 virus, recognized by the World Health Organization (WHO), has led to 164,523,894 confirmed cases and 3,412,032 deaths globally as of May 20, 2021. SARS-CoV-2 encodes crucial proteases for its replication cycle, including the papain-like pro- tease (PLpro), presenting a potential target for developing COVID-19 treatments. Mauritine, a cyclopep- tide alkaloid found in the Ziziphus-spina christi plant, exhibits antiviral properties and was investigated for its affinity and toxicity towards PLpro using molecular docking through MGLTools 1.5.6 with Autodock Tools 4.2. Preceding this, toxicity and ADME prediction were performed via Toxtree 3.1.0 software and SwissADME servers. Results from molecular docking revealed free binding energy values of −8.58; −7.73; −8.36; −6.07; −6.67; −7.83; −7.67; −7.40; and −6.87 Kcal/mol for Mauritine-A, Mauritine-B, Mauritine-C, Mauritine-D, Mauritine-F, Mauritine-H, Mauritine-J, Mauritine-L, and Mauritine- M, respectively. Correspondingly, inhibition constants were 0.51724; 2.14; 0.7398; 35.43; 12.95; 1.83; 2.38; 3.80; and 9.17 mM, respectively. Interactions observed included hydrogen bonds, hydrophobic interactions, and electrostatic interactions between the Mauritine compounds and the receptor. Mauritine-A and Mauritine-C emerged as a promising anti-COVID-19 candidate due to its superior affinity compared to other derivatives, as indicated by research findings. Interestingly, Mauritine-A and Mauritine-C exhibits notable stability as depicted by the RMSD and RMSF graphs, along with a consid- erable MM-PBSA binding free energy value of −162.431 and −137.500 kJ/mol, respectively

Pengembangan Strategi Penetapan Harga pada Kingdom Gadget

Skripsi Kewirausahaan ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis pengembangan strategi penetapan harga yang diterapkan oleh Kingdom Gadget sebagai toko retail onlinemenggunakan metode going rate pricing. Tujuan penetapan harga KingdomGadget ialahuntuk memaksimalkan pangsa pasar melalui 6 tahapan dalam implementasi penetapanharga meliputi menetapkan tujuan perusahaan menganalisis tingkat permintaan mengestimasi biaya menganalisis biaya, harga, dan penawaran kompetitor menentukanmetode penetapan harga dan menentukan harga akhir. Pengamatan yang dilakukanmenggunakan metode studi kasus selama kegiatan MBKM KWI selama 26 minggusebagai pemilik Kingdom Gadget. Selama aktivitas MBKM KWI dilakukan, hasil yang ditemukan ialah Kingdom Gadget telah menjalankan strategi penetapan hargamenggunakan metode going rate pricing secara maksimal yang didapati dari pengukuranpenetapan harga pada Kingdom Gadget menggunakan beberapa indikator yaituketerjangkauan harga, daya saing harga, dan kesesuaian harga dengan manfaat. Namun, Kingdom Gadget masih memiliki kendala dalam menjadi pemimpin pasar yangberdampak pada perolehan profit yang belum maksimal apabila dibandingkan denganusia perusahaan

Aktivitas Manajemen Pembelian Barang pada Department Purchasing Zest Hotel Jemursari Surabaya

Laporan ini bertujuan untuk mengamati aktivitas pembelian barang pada Zest Hotel Jemursari Surabaya, khususnya pada department purchasing. Zest Hotel merupakan salah satu hotel bisnis bintang 2 yang mulai beroperasi pada 6 Juni 2015 yang beralamat di Jalan Jl. Raya Prapen No. 266, Panjang Jiwo, Kec. Tenggilis Mejoyo, Surabaya, Jawa Timur. Aktivitas yang dilakukan selama praktik kerja lapangan yaitu menjalankan aktivitas sebagai staff department purchasing di Zest\ud Hotel Jemursari Surabaya sesuai dengan standar kerja yang berlaku. Department Purchasing adalah divisi yang dibutuhkan hotel untuk melakukan pembelian barang yang diminta oleh department lain/user untuk memenuhi kebutuhan hotel. Namun seiring berjalannya program kerja lapangan, ditemukan beberapa aktivitas pembelian barang yang tidak sesuai dengan teori sehingga menyebabkan beberapa permasalahan yang timbul di dalam hotel. Oleh karena itu, dibutuhkan adanya penerapan perbaikan didalam hotel

Olaparib sebagai Terapi Metastatic-Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer (mCRPC): Systematic Review dan Meta Analysis”

Prostate cancer is the second most prevalent cancer in men with approximately 1.4 million men worldwide. The main therapy for prostate cancer is androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), but patients who have received ADT may experience a condition of castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). More than 84% of patients have metastasized when diagnosed with CRPC (mCRPC) with the median survival of about 36 months. The Food & Drugs Association (FDA) has approved a new therapy for mCRPC patients, for example olaparib. The purpose of this systematic review and meta analysis was to assess the effectiveness (overall survival) and safety of olaparib in mCRPC. This research used randomized control trial’s (RCT) article. The literature search process was carried out using the PubMed database. The quality of article inclusion was assessed using the Critical Appraisal Skill Program (CASP) checklist and journal reputation. The results of the meta-analysis on the effectiveness of olaparib has showed that there was no significant difference in the patient's overall survival rate (RR=0. 81; 95% CI=0.58-1.13). The results of the meta analysis on the safety level of olaparib demonstrated a significant difference, observed on the side effects such as anemia (RR=3.47; 95% CI=2.59-4.65), nausea (RR=2.05; 95% CI=1.62-2.60) and fatigue (RR=1.32; 95% CI=1.10-1.59). The conclusion was olaparib as a mCRPC therapy did not show a significant effectiveness in improving the overall survival in mCRPC. In addition, the low safety level of olaparib in mCRPC patients was observed in the side effects such as anemia, nausea and fatigue