Modulación del Sistema Endocannabinoide a través de Receptores Cannabinoides y GPR55

Tesis inédita de la Universidad Complutense de Madrid, Facultad de Farmacia, leída el 20/11/2023El sistema endocannabinoide (SEC) es un sistema de señalización complejo presente en la mayoría de las especies de mamíferos, formado por los receptores cannabinoides, cannabinoides endógenos (endocannabinoides), y las enzimas implicadas en su síntesis y degradación. Los endocannabinoides se producen bajo demanda en respuesta a diversas señales fisiológicas e interactúan con dos receptores principales en el SEC: CB1, localizado principalmente en el sistema nervioso central y CB2, predominantemente en el sistema inmunitario y los tejidos periféricos. La modulación de sus enzimas de biosíntesis y degradación, la amida hidrolasa de ácidos grasos (FAAH) y monoacilglicerol lipasa (MAGL)también tiene efectos significativos sobre la actividad del SEC. Además de los efectos mediados por los receptores CB1 y CB2, algunos cannabinoides son capaces de activar otros receptores acoplados a proteínas G (GPCR) como GPR55, cuya clasificación como posible miembro del SEC continúa en estudio...The endocannabinoid system (ECS) is a complex signaling system present in most mammalian species, composed of cannabinoid receptors, endogenous cannabinoids (endocannabinoids), and the enzymes involved in their synthesis and degradation. Endocannabinoids are produced on demand in response to various physiological signals and interact with two main receptors in the ECS: CB1, mainly located in the central nervous system, and CB2, predominantly in the immune system and peripheral tissues. Modulation of their biosynthesis and degradation enzymes, fatty acid amide hydrolase (FAAH) and monoacylglycerol lipase (MAGL), also has significant effects on ECS activity...Fac. de FarmaciaTRUEunpu

An Efficient, Organic Solvent-Free Method for Extraction and Concentration of Hepatitis E Virus from Pig Liver

Author Contribution: Conceptualization, JSP and DRL; methodology, JSp, NG, DRL; validation, JSP; formal analysis,JSP, NG, DRL; investigation, JSP; writing—original draft preparation,JSP; writing—review and editing, DRL; visualization, JSP, DRL; supervision, DRL; project administration, DRL, funding acquisition, DRL. All authors have read and agreed the manuscript.The presence of the hepatitis E virus (HEV) in pork products, particularly in pig liver has been frequently described. However, a standardized method is not still available for the detection of HEV in foods, particularly in those difficult food matrixes such as pig meat and pork products. The aim of this study was to design, optimize and evaluate a new method of food-separation and virus concentration for HEV in pig liver samples. This method is based on organic flocculation and avoids the use of organic solvents. The virus recovery rates and analytical sensitivity of the method using murine norovirus MNV-1 as a surrogate were 73.6–82.2% and at least 1 × 103 TCID50 per g of liver in 100% of the replicates, respectively. Furthermore, this new methodology was validated by testing the presence of HEV RNA in naturally infected pig liver samples, comparing it with two other commonly used concentration methods. The new extraction method run satisfactory in comparison with the two reference methods; statistically equivalent (p < 0.05) to one of the methods used while presented statistically significant better results (p < 0.05) compared to the second method. Consequently, our results indicate that the new extraction method can be an adequate cost-effective and ecologically friendly alternative for the food separation and concentration of HEV RNA in pig liver samples.Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (España)Junta de Castilla y LeónDepto. de Sanidad AnimalCentro de Vigilancia Sanitaria Veterinaria (VISAVET)TRUEpu

Using ensembles of dielectric nanoparticles in the FROG technique

CT63/19-CT64/19We have implemented the FROG (frequency-resolved optical gating) technique for the characterization of ultrashort laser pulses in the range of tens of femtoseconds using ensembles of dielectric nanoparticles as the non-linear material for SHG (second-harmonic generation). In order to measure traces that could be retrieved with standard retrieval algorithms, a collinear configuration was needed to avoid undesirable effects from scattered light. The amplitude and phase of the retrieved pulses are in agreement with those obtained using BBO as nonlinear material. The large non-linear signals emitted by ensembles of nanoparticles and their low cost set them as an interesting alternative to autocorrelation to characterize ultrashort laser pulses in different spectral ranges. Since optical fiber lasers are now providing short pulses around tens of femtoseconds in many different spectral ranges, this field could greatly benefit from our findings.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Agencia Estatal de Investigación (España)Universidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de ÓpticaFac. de Ciencias FísicasTRUEpu

La doctrina de la Iglesia sobre la igualdad en el siglo XIX: contexto historiográfico y análisis de la Tesis doctoral de Federico Rodríguez y Rodríguez

Este estudio introductorio pretende presentar la edición digital de la Tesis Doctoral de Federico Rodríguez y Rodríguez, inédita hasta ahora, defendida en la Universidad Complutense de Madrid en 1947. Para este fin, desarrollamos una breve biografía del autor, seguida por el contexto doctrinal e historiográfico de la denominada Doctrina Social de la Iglesia, para poder comprender el alcance de dicho trabajo doctoral y la contribución a su acervo, dado que centra su estudio en la doctrina pontificia del siglo XIX. Culminamos con un análisis del texto, su estructura, contenido y fuentes, para iluminar la importancia de la obra, sus conclusiones y la aportación real al estudio de la Doctrina Social de la Iglesia.Depto. de Derecho Internacional, Eclesiástico y Filosofía del DerechoFac. de DerechoTRUEpu

El minimalismo escenográfico en el teatro español de los siglos XX y XXI

Scenic minimalism, essential in Spanish theater, reduces visual elements to focus on narrative and performance. Influenced by other arts, it has evolved since the 20th century through notable scenographers and modern technologies, creating symbolic and emotionally impactful spaces.El minimalismo escenográfico, clave en el teatro español, reduce elementos visuales a lo esencial para destacar la narrativa y la actuación. Influido por otras artes, ha evolucionado desde el siglo XX con aportes de destacados escenógrafos y el uso de tecnologías modernas, creando espacios simbólicos y emocionalmente impactantes. Scenic minimalism, essential in Spanish theater, reduces visual elements to focus on narrative and performance. Influenced by other arts, it has evolved since the 20th century through notable scenographers and modern technologies, creating symbolic and emotionally impactful spaces.Depto. de Historia del ArteFac. de Geografía e HistoriaTRUEpu

Colecciones de aleaciones

Ediciones ComplutenseFac. de Ciencias QuímicasTRUEpu

The old central igneous complexes of Sal, Boa Vista and Maio islands: Implications for 17 Ma of isotopic evolution of the Cape Verde archipelago

The central igneous complexes of the easternmost islands (Sal, Boa Vista and Maio) preserve some of the most ancient outcropping rocks of the Cape Verde (CV) archipelago. These Early to Middle Miocene (about 25 to 12 Ma) complexes show marked isotopic differences between mafic rocks from the northern (Sal and Boa Vista) and the southern Maio Island, the latter showing lower 143Nd/144Nd, 206Pb/204Pb, 207Pb/204Pb, and higher 87Sr/86Sr ratios. The main mantle plume composition beneath Cape Verde is here considered to be dominated by the FOZO component. Our data supports previous models suggesting the incorporation to plume components of minor DMM mantle sources in the northern CV island alignment, whereas mixing with the EM1 pole is prevalent on the southern CV islands. These isotopic differences are evident since the early stages of Cape Verde magmatism. The Late Miocene to Holocene time period (7 to 1.7 Ma) is characterized by the irruption of silica-undersaturated and carbonatite magmas with a relatively homogeneous isotopic composition and highly radiogenic Pb signatures (206Pb/204Pb up to 20.6 in carbonatitic rocks and 20.2 in silicate rocks) throughout most of the Cape Verde archipelago. During this transitional stage, the input of this new HIMU mantle component overprinted the previous mixing of the main FOZO plume component with shallow mantle members (DMM, EM1) of minor contribution.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónFundação para a Ciência e Tecnologia (Portugal)Banco SantanderUniversidad Complutense de MadridDepto. de Mineralogía y PetrologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Whistleblowing, notitia criminis y derecho procesal premial

La persecución y enjuiciamiento de toda conducta criminal exige la concurrencia de una serie de requisitos esenciales. El primero de todos ellos se centra en la capacidad de los Estados de detectar la comisión de tales conductas. Aquellos hechos delictivos que no sean conocidos por parte de las autoridades no llegarán a ser investigados ni podrán ser, en consecuencia, debidamente reprimidos, impidiéndose así que la sanción penal cumpla su función preventiva. Por tanto, lo primero que necesitan las autoridades es obtener y asegurar la mayor cantidad de información relacionada con los hechos presuntamente delictivos. Con tal propósito de obtener esa información, los ordenamientos jurídicos cuentan con distintas vías. La «cultura whistleblowing» va a desempeñar un papel trascendental a la hora de facilitar e incentivar ese aporte de información, pero el ordenamiento procesal cuenta también con importantes premios y alicientes con los que incentivar la colaboración con la Justicia por parte de investigados y acusados.Depto. de Derecho Procesal y Derecho PenalFac. de DerechoTRUEpu

High- vs. low-rate of sea level change fluvial floods: Past analogues for future forecast

Projections based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change scenarios predict a clear rise of the sea level in the near future, together with a decrease in frequency and magnitude of fluvial floods, which are one of the main sources of sediments for some coasts, as response to a decrease in rainfall. We present a fluvial flood series for the last 17,000 yrs. obtained from cores retrieved in a former restricted embayment by using a multiproxy approach (geochemistry, sedimentology, stratigraphy, palynology), with sub-decadal time-resolution. Flood subfacies are defined by their siliciclastic and saline components. Time distribution reveals that fluvial floods controlled sedimentation rates. Comparison against other records of the Southern Iberian Peninsula allows to identify common periods. For the end of the Pleistocene, low frequency floods are associated to Meltwater Pulses or Heinrich events. During early Holocene, there is a noticeable increase in flood frequency, reaching their maximum at the Holocene Thermal Maximum. The mid- to late-Holocene is characterized by a flood frequency clearly lower than the early Holocene one, but higher than the late Pleistocene one. Millennial scale changes in insolation controlled atmospheric moisture which, in turn, determined evolution of floods. Centennial scale changes in irradiance were responsible of shorter-term flood episodes over moisture changes. These results do not fully agree with the expected evolution of floods under IPCC projected scenarios, so further research is needed to improve our knowledge about flood behaviour.Ministerio de Ciencia e InnovaciónInstituto Geológico y MineroDepto. de Geodinámica, Estratigrafía y PaleontologíaFac. de Ciencias GeológicasTRUEpu

Fire-driven disruptions of global soil biochemical relationships

Acknowledgements: G.Y.Z. acknowledges the supports from Ramón y Cajal grant (RYC2022-035226-I) funded by the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation, the NextGenerationEU program of the European Union (MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033y el FSE+), and AYUDAS DE EXCELENCIA RYC-MAX 2023 project from Spanish National Research Council. N.E acknowledge support by iDiv ([German Research Foundation, DFG]–FZT 118, 202548816), and the DFG (Ei 862/29-1; Ei 862/31-1). The Jena Experiment is funded by the DFG (FOR 5000). M.D.-B. acknowledges support from the Spanish Ministry of Science and Innovation for the I + D + i project PID2020-115813RA-I00 funded by MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. M.D.-B. is also supported by a project of the Fondo Europeo de Desarrollo Regional (FEDER) and the Consejería de Transformación Económica, Industria, Conocimiento y Universidades of the Junta de Andalucía (FEDER Andalucía 2014-2020 Objetivo temático “01 - Refuerzo de la investigación, el desarrollo tecnológico y la innovación”) associated with the research project P20_00879 (ANDABIOMA). M.B. is supported by a Ramón y Cajal grant from the Spanish Ministry of Science (RYC2021-031797-I). X.H.Z. is supported by National key Research and Development Program of China (2020YFA0608403). D.R. is supported by the MSCA postdoctoral fellowship from Horizon Europe programme (MSCA-PF-2021-101064192-FUNVINE).Fires alter the stability of organic matter and promote soil erosion which threatens the fundamental coupling of soil biogeochemical cycles. Yet, how soil biogeochemistry and its environmental drivers respond to fire remain virtually unknown globally. Here, we integrate experimental observations and random forest model, and reveal significant divergence in the responses of soil biogeochemical attributes to fire, including soil carbon (C), nitrogen (N), and phosphorus (P) contents worldwide. Fire generally decreases soil C, has non-significant impacts on total N, while it increases the contents of inorganic N and P, with some effects persisting for decades. The impacts of fire are most strongly negative in cold climates, conifer forests, and under wildfires with high intensity and frequency. Our work provides evidence that fire decouples soil biogeochemistry globally and helps to identify high-priority ecosystems where critical components of soil biogeochemistry are especially unbalanced by fire, which is fundamental for the management of ecosystems in a world subjected to more severe, recurrent, and further-reaching wildfires.European CommissionMinisterio de Ciencia e Innovación (España)Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (España)Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, DFGJunta de AndalucíaDepto. de Biodiversidad, Ecología y EvoluciónFac. de Ciencias BiológicasTRUEpu