Dorsal fin innervation of the bluegill, Lepomis macrochirus

Recent work has shown that the dorsal fins in fish operate not only as locomotive appendages, but also as sensory structures that aid in proprioception. To investigate how fish use these structures for sensing, the innervation of the dorsal fins in bluegill sunfish (Lepomis macrochirus) was assessed through immunohistochemistry assays. I conducted staining using anti-acetylated tubulin (AAT), a non-specific neuron marker, calcitonin-gene related peptide (CGRP) which stains sensory neurons and cytokeratin 20 (CK20), which binds to mechanoreceptor structures. Stained samples of bluegill dorsal fins were imaged under a laser scanning epifluorescence microscope to visualize mechanoreceptors, as well as sensory and motor neurons. I was able to localize mechanoreceptors in both spiny and soft dorsal fins. Fluorescence imaging revealed ubiquitous sensory innervation throughout the dorsal fins. Putative motor structures tend to be located near the fin base. In the soft dorsal fin, mechanosensory structures were found closer to the fin membrane. Visualization of sensory pathway integration in different regions of the bluegill dorsal fin can further our understanding of how the sensory and motor innervation of fins contribute to overall stability and locomotive capabilities of fish in turbulent environments. Greater knowledge of sensory pathways in simpler appendages like fish fins can provide insight into neuromuscular systems in human limbs and serve as bioinspiration to prosthetics and wearable devices

History Has Its Eyes on Hamilton: An Analysis of How Hamilton: An American Musical Changed Broadway and Society

This paper analyzes the ways in which Hamilton: An American Musical impacted both Broadway and society. When Hamilton premiered on Broadway in 2015, it quickly became a massive phenomenon, one that had a major impact on Broadway itself and on society at large. The show’s use of color-conscious casting and unique hip-hop style drew in audiences that would not otherwise be drawn to Broadway. The Original Cast’s demand for royalties also had a hand in impacting Broadway’s finances and inspiring actors to strike. Additionally, Lin-Manuel Miranda made it a priority to involve the show in education, launching the EduHam program and significantly impacting American education, as well as the show’s political subject matter leading to many political discussions after its release. This study outlines the specific ways that Hamilton affected Broadway and American society. By combining research on the direct impact the play had on Broadway, the creation of the EduHam program, the musical’s impact on social and political arenas, and a survey conducted at Rhode Island College, it argues that no matter one’s personal feelings about the show, there is no denying the reach and impact of Hamilton, even beyond Theatre business and culture

A Swift Spin on Literature: Taylor Swift\u27s Feminist Reimagination of Male-Dominated Literature

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The Trends in Accuracy of Ancient History in Filmed Media and Its Implications on Society and Education

How have accuracies and inaccuracies of historical filmed media changed throughout time and historical contexts? What are these films’ effects on society and education? Are these films moving away from the truth when their educational worth grows yearly? Historical filmed media has not become more or less accurate over time. The real issue, however, is the need for increased historical education and properly preparing students to recognize and research any inaccuracies they might come across. The success of this rides on the backs of educators and will decide how easily media can change historical memories of figures and events

When Identities Align: An Examination of Co-Constructed Identities

When Identities Align: An Examination of Co-Constructed Identitie

The Power of Sound: The Positive Effects of Music for Students with Autism

Sound is a powerful force that can change the lives of many people. Individuals with Autism may struggle in different areas including various forms of communication, social skills, behavioral difficulties, and more. Vocal and/or instrumental sounds (music) can make a significant difference in how individuals on the spectrum make sense of the world and deal with their challenges. Music is an essential tool, an important educational element for students with autism, that must be provided as part of their education so that they may have better opportunities to blossom to their full potential. The power of sound is explored through interviews, case studies, and more

Selective Anesthesia & Post-Cardiothoracic Surgery Pain: A Systematic Review

According to Lakdizajiet al. (2012), 71% of cardiac surgery patients report moderate to severe postoperative pain. Optimal pain management can facilitate early mobilization, participation in respiratory hygiene, increased patient satisfaction, decreased length of ICU and hospital stay, risk of readmissions and long-term chronic pain syndrome (Jakobsen et al., 2020). Traditional cardiac surgery pain management relies on opioid-based pharmaceutical interventions, but recently there has been a resurgence in regional and selective anesthetic techniques. The use of regional anesthesia in conjunction with traditional pharmaceutical analgesia can be an effective way to manage postoperative acute pain resultant of the median sternotomy incision and vessel manipulation (Folino& Mahboobi, 2022). Non-neuraxial nerve blocks are peripheral blocks where the anesthesia is administered near the target nerve and is diffused along the nerve\u27s mantle layer to the core (Folino& Mahboobi, 2022). Therefore, this systematic review aimed to answer the following question: Does the combined usage of regionally selective anesthesia and standard pharmaceutical analgesia provide a more effective method of improving cardiac surgery patient outcomes when compared to traditional pharmaceutical analgesia alone

Hyaluronidase for Treatment of Vascular Occlusions from Injectable Dermal Filler: A Systematic Review

Injectable dermal filler for cosmetic enhancement has become increasingly popular and accessible. As these procedures become more popular, it has become more important for providers to be competent in managing potential complications. Vascular occlusion from inadvertent injection into a vessel is a more serious complication of injectable dermal filler. Skin necrosis and scarring may follow if not properly treated in a timely manner, resulting in permanent tissue damage and unsatisfied patients. Studies have shown the efficacy of multi-modal management of dermal filler occlusions, but not at a high level of research given the ethical concerns barring randomized control trials. Among pharmacological management of dermal filler vascular occlusion is the use of hyaluronidase, an enzyme that breaks down hyaluronic acid, the primary make up of many dermal fillers. This use is off-label and does not come with standardized dosing or administration techniques. The purpose of this systematic review was to examine the current literature to study the efficacy of different methods of hyaluronidase injection for hyaluronic acid dermal filler vascular occlusion. This review was created using both PRISMA and ARRIVE 2.0 guidelines to vet the most recent literature. The author of this systematic review performed a cross-study analysis via data collection from four animal studies. These experiments provide evidence for dosage, frequency, timing, and technique of hyaluronidase administration. Providers may use this data to prepare for and manage vascular occlusions in their dermal filler patients, however, more data and higher-level studies in humans is necessary for future research

Efficacy and Safety of Dpp-4 Inhibitor Use in the Hospital Setting

Current practice in the hospital is to hold oral antidiabetic drugs and administer insulin to prevent adverse reactions. This can lead to issues including hypoglycemic events, high glycemic variability, and poorly controlled blood glucose. Newer incretin analog drugs such as DPP-4 inhibitor do not cause hypoglycemia. A literature review was performed, and the results showed that DPP-4 inhibitors are both safe and effective in the inpatient setting with fewer hypoglycemic events, lower mean BG, and lower glycemic variability. The proposed study will compare patients with type diabetes treated with standard basal-bolus insulin therapy, against those continued on their home DPP-4 inhibitors on inpatient medical-surgical units at a single center to evaluate safety and efficacy of the different treatment modalities. A clinical support resource to better assist providers to treat type II diabetes will also be disseminated and include situations where DPP-4 inhibitor use would be contraindicated, or additional considerations such as holding a dose on the morning on surgery. The goal is for either improved or non-inferior outcomes in the treatment group in measures including mean blood glucose, hypoglycemic events, readings of poorly controlled blood glucose (\u3e200 mg/dL) or hyperglycemic events (\u3e350 mg/dL), and glycemic variability. Implications for APRN practice include adding to research findings supporting DPP-4 inhibitor use in the hospital, education of providers and patients, adopting the clinical decision-making tool into practice, and modifying hospital policy to reflect study findings

The Effects of a Plant-Based Diet on Adult Cholesterol Levels: To Better Understand Root Causes of Cardiovascular Disease A Systematic Review

Cardiovascular disease is a global health care burden causing morbidity, mortality, and financial burdens on our health care systems. Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is comprised of coronary artery disease, cerebrovascular disease, and peripheral vascular disease. Cardiovascular Disease is the primary cause of death for both men and woman in the United States. Literature has revealed that low density cholesterol (LDL-C) is one of the primary drivers of coronary artery disease. The purpose of this systematic review is to look at plant-based diets\u27 effects on cholesterol levels. In the hope that if we can understand dietary patterns that reduce cholesterol levels we can educate and mitigate the detrimental effects of coronary artery disease. The findings of this study showed significant results showing associations between plant-based diets and lowering outcomes like LDL-C levels in patients, thus in theory reducing risks for cardiovascular disease