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    MBS News, September 29, 2023

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    Veazie Sawmill Complex

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    Black and white photograph of the Veazie sawmill complex, pond, and dam, late 1800s. The image is taken from the end of School Street on the Veazie side of the Penobscot River looking down on Shore Road and Mill Street to the sawmill buildings. Telegraph and electrical poles are visible in the foreground. The lack of people and activity in the image suggests the photograph was taken on a Sunday when the mill was quiet. Back matter: 1890 - 1900 R E Drinkwater Old Veazie sawmills, late 1800’s. Negative no. 72.3.1. Source: Mr. and Mrs. Ralph and Pauline Drinkwater, 1977. See also: p01886, p01887, p01889, p01890, p01891, p01891, p01894, and p01895.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/nafoh_gallery/1218/thumbnail.jp

    Wooden Cribwork Dam

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    Sepia image taken from the vantage point of standing on the wooden cribwork dam on the Penobscot River, Veazie, Maine, August 1874. Front matter: Portland Photographic and view Co., Portland, ME. Back matter: Edward lynch/Veazie/frame #2 1874/ deliver Aug 11th/John P. Sprague Agt. Negative no. 72.2.3. Source: Mr. and Mrs. Ralph and Pauline Drinkwater, 1977. See also: p01886, p01887, p01888, p01889, and p01890.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/nafoh_gallery/1213/thumbnail.jp

    Inclusivity in Combat Amputee Research: An Analysis of Underrepresented Populations

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    Females and minorities are two underrepresented communities in a multitude of areas. The two areas that are of interest to this paper are: clinical research and the military. The female population, in particular, was examined because of two policy changes that took place in 2016: the lift of the ban on females in combat positions and the requirement that sex be investigated as a biological variable in scientific research. Therefore, one focus of this study was to examine whether these policy changes led to increased representation of women. Lacking access to databases containing the data of interest, a modified meta-analysis approach was completed. In this study, three databases and archives were used to collect data which was then refined with inclusion/exclusion criteria. The search through the databases and archives yielded a total of 72 datapoints (articles) that met the criteria. From these datapoints, it was determined that the results supported the hypothesis that the collected information would not accurately represent the female population. The results of particular interest within the findings were basic demographic data (sex ratios and race/ethnicity inclusion), publishing dates, military status, amputation types, and affiliations of articles. Of the 72 datapoints, 43% included females in their populations, 38% did not report sex of subjects, and 19% used only male subjects. In terms of other demographic results, 12.5% reported more than two races, neither military status nor amputation type was found to be a prevalent factor included in the articles, and most studies were affiliated with the military. These results are important to take into consideration because of how they can apply to female combat amputees seeking prosthetics or medical treatment, as well as examining how the addition of inclusive policies in communities like the military or that of clinical research truly affect the treatment of females and underrepresented populations within these communities

    Deconstructing the Art of Physical Weed Control

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    Farmers adjust physical weed control (PWC) tools to optimize efficacy based on observations of weeds, the crop, and soil conditions. These many variables make PWC research challenging. To study PWC tool settings more closely, we constructed a soil bin with a mobile tool carriage inside of a heated glasshouse. The soil bin was 2 m wide by 12 m long by 1 m high, with a tool carriage that can operate at 0.4 to 19.0 km h-1. Tool angle, spacing, depth, and speed can all be precisely adjusted from the tool carriage and control panel. The goal of this research was to take the art out of PWC and provide farmers with researched based recommendations, as well as provide researchers with new methods on how to test PWC tools. The aim of chapter one was to develop methods for a high-throughput system in a controlled environment with artificial weeds (AWs) to test PWC tools. Methods were developed using a simple tine weeder, wooden golf tees as AWs, and a soil bin. The tine weeder was chosen for methods development because it offers uniform soil disturbance and appears to have both uprooting and burial mode of action. Tine speed, angle, and depth were evaluated in both soil bin and field experiments. Tool efficacy from the soil bin were qualitatively compared to efficacy results using surrogate weeds in the field. Results suggest that the simplified conditions of the soil bin system may be useful to test and prioritize tool settings or adjustments for field studies. Chapter two is about determining whether testing PWC tools in a controlled environment using a soil bin system, reflects treatment effects found in the field. A finger weeder was used and settings of angle, spacing, and speed were tested. The three angles tested were hilling (68o), standard (90o), and scrubbing (108o) with three spacings of 0.6 cm overlap, 0.0 cm fingers touching, and 2.5 cm gap. These angles and spacings were tested in a full factorial design with artificial crops (ACs, 6 mm dia. by 152 mm-long wooden dowels) and AWs (70 mm-long wooden golf tees). Three speeds were tested to represent speeds typical for walking (4 km h-1), tractor cultivating (7 km h-1), and a tractor with a camera guidance system (9 km h-1). Experiments of angle, spacing and speed were replicated in the field. Hilling (68o) caused the greatest efficacy in the soil bin (78%) and in the field (62%). As spacing decreased, efficacy and AC mortality increased in the soil bin, but surprisingly, in the field, there was no difference. In the soil bin, higher speeds of 7 and 9 km h-1 increased efficacy by 77% when compared to 4 km h-1. In the field however, no significant effects were detected between speeds. We conclude that the soil bin is a promising research tool for testing PWC tools

    Comparison of Global Performance of a 15, 20, and 24 Mw Floating Offshore Wind Turbine

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    Floating Offshore Wind Turbine (FOWT) development is an ever-growing field. Throughout its growth, the size of the turbines manufactured has increased at a rapid rate. This work seeks to investigate the effects of increasing hull and turbine sizes on FOWT aerodynamic loading, hydrodynamic loading, and global performance. The investigation utilizes a fully coupled commercial FOWT solver including a finite element representation of the hull structure. For simplicity and due to a lack of detailed information from wind turbine original equipment manufacturers (OEMs), the aerodynamic thrust loading is modeled using a point load on the hub. The hydrodynamic loading is modeled using Morison\u27s equation as it more seamlessly generates the hydrodynamic loads required in the hull structural finite element model. In this work, 15, 20, and 24 MW FOWTs using OEM specifications are simulated using operational and extreme load cases. The operational load cases are simulated at both rated and cut-out wind speeds. The results highlight important global performance and structural design trends to consider as the FOWT industry pushes towards larger systems

    Investigating the Impact of Prophages on Bacterial Fitness of Streptococcus agalactiae

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    Streptococcus agalactiae (Group B Streptococcus or GBS) is a common bacterium found in pregnant women that can cause severe infections in neonates. Although detecting maternal colonization and administering antibiotics during labor can prevent early-onset GBS disease in neonates, antibiotics negatively affect newborns\u27 microbiota, leading to complications like gastrointestinal disorders and immune system dysregulation. Therefore, alternative therapeutic measures are necessary to improve maternal and neonatal outcomes. Understanding GBS disease pathology and developing effective preventive measures and treatments is essential. GBS evolves from a commensal bacterium to an invasive disease-causing pathogen using various mechanisms, such as adapting to the host immune response, utilizing virulence factors like surface proteins, and regulating gene expression. The GBS genome contains mobile genetic components, including prophages, plasmids, insertion sequences, and transposons, that facilitate mutations and lateral gene transfer. This adaptability allows GBS to develop new virulence factors and antibiotic resistance, enhancing its ability to cause disease and evade host defenses. Prophages, viral genomes that are integrated into bacterial genomes, may play a critical role in GBS evolution, and understanding their contribution to its virulence could lead to innovative treatments. Bioinformatic analysis of 49 clinical isolates of GBS identified 42 prophages present in their genomes, which can be classified into 5 clusters based on their genomic content, indicating differences in the genetic makeup of the prophages. Further investigation of a hypervirulent GBS strain, found that the only prophage present provides a competitive advantage to the bacterium, possibly by enabling it to better compete for nutrients or resist other bacterial species. The absence of the prophage leads to a metabolic shift, indicating its significant impact on bacterial metabolism and possibly on the pathogen\u27s virulence. Overall, the findings from this dissertation highlight the importance of prophages in GBS pathogenesis and emphasize the need for further research to develop novel therapeutic approaches for the prevention and treatment of GBS infections

    Crafts Room/Store in Acadian village Van Buren, Maine

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    Picture showing the inside of the crafts room/store in Acadian Village Van Buren, Maine.https://digitalcommons.library.umaine.edu/farine/1036/thumbnail.jp

    Beagle Music: The Liberating Power of Poetic Constraint

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    This creative project, an original poetry manuscript and disquisition, aims to explore and demonstrate the power of poetic constraint — self-imposed rules in poetry. I wrote the poems within the tradition of lyric poetry, and therefore they reflect my personal experiences and feelings. Many of the poems reflect an experience that is best described as limerence, the psychological term for an intense, lasting “crush.” As I distilled my feelings into poetry, I used both traditional methods of constraint, such as the sonnet and the ghazal, and innovative ones, such as selecture, my own variation on erasure. I found that constraint is liberating. Thanks to constraints such as rhyme scheme, I imbued my poetry with beauty and musicality, breaking subconscious constraints to discover unexpected turns of phrase. Writing this manuscript strengthened my conviction that poetic constraint is liberating. Therefore, I intend to continue exploring the potential of poetic constraint in future work

    Bike Ride: An Audio/Visual Examination of Liminal Spaces as a Ritual for Personal Growth

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    On March 6th, 2023, I presented a creative thesis titled “Bike Ride” in Minsky Recital Hall. This experience was the culmination of my work beginning in the spring of 2022, and it featured a set of live small ensemble charts (informed largely by Jazz vocabulary) which I set to a collection of film photographs I took on late night walks through campus. In the production and execution of “Bike Ride”, my goal was to examine the emotional power of liminal spaces as they are defined in both Psychology and Photography. The resulting performance, which was re-exhibited in the Collins Center for the Arts as part of the Student Symposium this spring, is a spiraling journey which represents my cherished time in the curious city of Orono, ME

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