Final Report: 2020-2023 Inclusion Action Plan Musselman Library

This report documents Musselman Library\u27s accomplishments and progress made on the 2020 Inclusion Action Plan (IAP)

It Ain’t Necessarily So: Ludwig Boltzmann’s Darwinian Notion of Entropy

Ludwig Boltzmann\u27s move in his seminal paper of 1877, introducing a statistical understanding of entropy, was a watershed moment in the history of physics. The work not only introduced quantization and provided a new understanding of entropy, it challenged the understanding of what a law of nature could be. Traditionally, nomological necessity, that is, specifying the way in which a system must develop, was considered an essential element of proposed physical laws. Yet, here was a new understanding of the Second Law of Thermodynamics that no longer possessed this property. While it was a new direction in physics, in other important scientific discourses of that time-specifically Huttonian geology and Darwinian evolution, similar approaches were taken in which a system\u27s development followed principles, but did so in a way that both provided a direction of time and allowed for non-deterministic, though rule-based, time evolution. Boltzmann referred to both of these theories, especially the work of Darwin, frequently. The possibility that Darwin influenced Boltzmann\u27s thought in physics can be seen as being supported by Boltzmann\u27s later writings

Front Matter

Front Matter of the Gettysburg Historical Journal 202

Turkey’s Gender Gap in Higher Education: An Analysis of IR Doctoral Students

This article assesses gender research patterns among Ph.D. students in International Relations (IR) discipline in Turkey with a particular focus on women. We examined 622 IR doctoral dissertations accepted by institutions of higher education in Turkey between 2009 and 2019. We found a statistically significant gender-based pairing among students and advisors, in addition to a higher number of male students and advisors, which suggests greater male visibility in graduate school and academia. Dissertation keyword analysis shows that similar topics are studied by both men and women, and reveals a noticeable absence of gender-sensitive issues, even among the work of female researchers. The striking omission of feminist IR reveals the importance of ‘minding the gap’ in contexts outside of the Western domain

“The Times They Are a-Changin”: A Look into Protest Music’s Evolution Throughout the 1950s-1970s

This project was created for the 2024 Digital Humanities Fellowship. It looks at the evolution of protest music from 1950 to 1979 as it was influenced by the events that took place and the people involved to understand more of the protest culture at the time. This project uses TimelineJS, ArcGIS StoryMaps, and WordPress to create the documented website

Concentration in the Market for Infant Formula: Causes, Symptoms, and Remedies

This scholarship argues that the widespread shortages resulting from the February 2022 recall of several infant formula brands following the closure of Abbott’s Sturgis plant are emblematic not of an acute market hiccup, but rather of a series of anti-competitive policy measures decades in the making. Using the aforementioned punctuating event as a guidepost, this analysis reviews the critical role that quality regulations, import restrictions, and procurement protocols within the WIC program play on concentration within the market for infant formula

Art and Propaganda :The Formation of Habsburg Absolutism

Habsburgian propaganda is most often understood within the context of the 17th and 18th centuries, during the monarchy\u27s period of baroque absolutism, causing earlier attempts at propaganda and centralization to be seen as ineffective in comparison. However, through analyzing royal, propagandistic art in the 16th century empire, produced by monarchs beginning as early as Maximilian I, it becomes clear that a unified foundation of an absolutist policy was developed and fostered within this era, one which was a necessity in the success of the absolutist ideologies two centuries later. Through analyzing trends of royal, propagandistic art in the 16th century empire, not only is the root of the Habsburg family’s rise to power better understood, but the foundation of an absolutist ideology and public policy that would become central to Habsburg rule until its dissolvement in 1918