Interpreting Shijia Buzu(室家不足) in the Book of Songs·Shaonan·Hang Lu through the Lens of Interchangeable Uses of Zu(足) and Shu(疋)

The characters 足 and 疋 have the same etymology and were occasionally used interchangeably. It was during the Warring States period that they began to be used separately. In Chapter 室家不足 of the Book of Songs, 室家 should be interpreted as 家庭, and 足 is equivalent to 疋, which is pronounced as 雅 and means 正. Therefore, 室家不足 refers to the illegitimacy of the family relationship

Table of Contents

Table of Contents for the Chinese Language Teaching Methodology and Technology Journal, Volume 6, Issue 2

Scholars Say Judge Mingo Should Have Disclosed Ginther Made Call

Last year, a Franklin County Municipal Judge presiding over a case between the City of Columbus and Greyhound Bus faced an unusual situation when the Mayor of Columbus contacted her directly on her private cell phone to express his opinion on the case. The Judge promptly disclosed the communication to both parties but kept the caller\u27s identity secret, only revealing that it was “an elected official.” Eventually, she disclosed the Mayor\u27s name, recused herself, and a new judge from outside Columbus was assigned. Despite the incident, the Mayor (whose identity was still unknown) easily won reelection. The question presented to several ethics-law professors was whether the Judge\u27s decision - to refuse to disclose the identity of the ex-parte communicator - was in line with the Judicial Code of Conduct. Professor Kalir opined that it was not. Insisting on hiding the identity of the ex-parte communicator runs flatly against the main tenets of Judicial Ethics, which includes impartiality, integrity, and independence of the Judiciary. In particular, such refusal violates Ohio Code of Judicial Conduct 2.9, which prohibits ex-parte communications with Judges

Advances in Methods for tRNA Sequencing and Quantification

In the past decade tRNA sequencing (tRNA-seq) has attracted considerable attention as an important tool for the development of novel approaches to quantify highly modified tRNA species and to propel tRNA research aimed at understanding the cellular physiology and disease and development of tRNA-based therapeutics. Many methods are available to quantify tRNA abundance while accounting for modifications and tRNA charging/acylation. Advances in both library preparation methods and bioinformatic workflows have enabled developments in next-generation sequencing (NGS) workflows. Other approaches forgo NGS applications in favor of hybridization-based approaches. In this review we provide a brief comparative overview of various tRNA quantification approaches, focusing on the advantages and disadvantages of these methods, which together facilitate reliable tRNA quantification

Public Accommodations and the Right to Refrain from Expressing Oneself

The United States Supreme Court has been unable to articulate a coherent position when addressing the right of individuals to refrain from expressing themselves. The Court has applied various tests inconsistently—emphasizing principles in some cases, ignoring them in subsequent cases, and then emphasizing them again in later cases as if those principles had always been applied. The Court’s approach is incoherent, offering little guidance to lower courts except to suggest that public accommodations laws may soon be found inconsistent with First Amendment guarantees

Microstructure-based Modeling of Primary Cilia Mechanics

A primary cilium, made of nine microtubule doublets enclosed in a cilium membrane, is a mechanosensing organelle that bends under an external mechanical load and sends an intracellular signal through transmembrane proteins activated by cilium bending. The nine microtubule doublets are the main load-bearing structural component, while the transmembrane proteins on the cilium membrane are the main sensing component. No distinction was made between these two components in all existing models, where the stress calculated from the structural component (nine microtubule doublets) was used to explain the sensing location, which may be totally misleading. For the first time, we developed a microstructure-based primary cilium model by considering these two components separately. First, we refined the analytical solution of bending an orthotropic cylindrical shell for individual microtubule, and obtained excellent agreement between finite element simulations and the theoretical predictions of a microtubule bending as a validation of the structural component in the model. Second, by integrating the cilium membrane with nine microtubule doublets and simulating the tip-anchored optical tweezer experiment on our computational model, we found that the microtubule doublets may twist significantly as the whole cilium bends. Third, besides being cilium-length-dependent, we found the mechanical properties of the cilium are also highly deformation-dependent. More important, we found that the cilium membrane near the base is not under pure in-plane tension or compression as previously thought, but has significant local bending stress. This challenges the traditional model of cilium mechanosensing, indicating that transmembrane proteins may be activated more by membrane curvature than membrane stretching. Finally, we incorporated imaging data of primary cilia into our microstructure-based cilium model, and found that comparing to the ideal model with uniform microtubule length, the imaging-informed model shows the nine microtubule doublets interact more evenly with the cilium membrane, and their contact locations can cause even higher bending curvature in the cilium membrane than near the base

Free Exercise, the Respect for Marriage Act, and Some Potential Surprises

Congress recently passed the Respect for Marriage Act to assure that certain marriages would remain valid even if the Supreme Court were to overrule past precedent and hold that the Constitution does not protect the right to marry a partner of the same sex or of a different race. However, the Act, as written, may not offer protection for certain same-sex or interracial marriages and may open the door to the federal protection of plural marriages, congressional intent notwithstanding, because of the Court’s increasingly robust free exercise jurisprudence

EC-YOLOX: A Deep-Learning Algorithm for Floating Objects Detection in Ground Images of Complex Water Environments

Correct detection of floating objects in complex water environments is a challenge because of the problems of obscuration and dense floating objects. In view of the above issues, this article proposed a network called EC-YOLOX by introducing the coordinate attention (CA) and efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanism and improving the loss function to further the multifeature extraction and detection accuracy of floating objects. In this article, ablation experiments and comparison experiments were conducted on the river floating objects dataset. The ablation experiments showed that the ECA and CA mechanism played a great role in EC-YOLOX, which can reduce the missed detection rate by 5.86% and increase the mean average precision (mAP) by 5.53% compared with YOLOX. The EC-YOLOX was also applicable to different types of floating objects; the mAP of the ball, plastic garbage, plastic bag, leaf, milk box, grass, and branches were, respectively, improved by 4%, 4%, 4%, 6%, 4%, 18%, and 5%. The mAP of the comparison experiments was improved by 15.13%, 9.30%, and 8.03% compared to faster R-CNN, YOLOv5, and YOLOv3, respectively. This method facilitates the precise extraction of floating objects from images, which holds paramount importance for monitoring and safeguarding water environments. It offers significant contributions to water environment monitoring and protection