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    Nanocatalyst-induced hydroxyl radical (·OH) slurry for tungsten CMP for next-generation semiconductor processing

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    Chemical mechanical polishing (CMP) is one of the important steps that involves during fabrication of semiconductor devices. This research highlights the importance of tungsten (W) polishing slurries consisting of a novel nonionic, heat-activated FeSi nanocatalyst on the performance of W chemical mechanical polishing. The results obtained from the polishing data showed a higher W removal rate of 5910 Å/min with a slurry consisting of FeSi nanocatalyst at a polishing temperature of 80 °C. The increase in W polishing rate using FeSi slurry was explained on the basis of formation of a thicker oxide layer (WO3) due to the interaction between the W surface and hydroxyl radicals (·OH) generated via the reaction between FeSi and hydrogen peroxide at 80 °C. Higher ·OH generation and increase in oxygen depth profile of W film were confirmed by UV–Vis spectrometer and AES analysis, respectively. Compared to Fe(NO3)3 catalyst, the slurry with FeSi showed a higher static etch rate at 80 °C. Potentiodynamic polarization results obtained using FeSi slurry showed thicker WO3 passivation layer as compared to the slurry with Fe(NO3)3. The increase in the polishing rate of W CMP using slurry with FeSi nanocatalyst can be essentially attributed to the generation of much stronger oxidant ·OH due to its increased catalytic effect at a high polishing temperature of 80 °C

    Predictive Caching via Learning Temporal Distribution of Content Requests

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    In this letter, dynamic content placement of a local cache server that can store a subset of content objects in its cache memory is studied. Contrary to the conventional model in which content placement is optimized based on the time-invariant popularity distribution of content objects, we consider a general time-varying popularity distribution and such a probabilistic distribution is unknown for content placement. A novel learning method for predicting the temporal distribution of future content requests is presented, which utilizes the request histories of content objects whose lifespans are expired. Then we introduce the so-called predictive caching strategy in which content placement is periodically updated based on the estimated future content requests for each update period. Numerical evaluation is performed using real-world datasets reflecting the inherent nature of temporal dynamics, demonstrating that the proposed predictive caching outperforms the conventional online caching strategies.This work was supported in part by the Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute (ETRI) grant funded by the Korean Government (18ZF1100, Wireless Transmission Technology in Multi-point to Multi-point Communications) and the Basic Science Research Program through the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education (NRF2017R1D1A1A09000835)

    The effect of Cu oxide shell via multiple pulsed flash light sintering of Cu nanoparticle-ink on Si wafer substrate for solar cell electrode

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    This work was supported by Materials&Components Technology Development Program (20002957,Development of AgNW RGO transparent electrode material and process based on IPL for OPV) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry&Energy (MOTIE,Korea). This research was also supported by the National Research Foundation of Korea(NRF) funded by the Ministry of Education(2012R1A6A1029029 and 2018R1D1A1A09083236)

    Permissions based Automatic Android Malware Repair using Long Short Term Memory

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    Study of the underlying event in top quark pair production in pp collisions at 13 TeV

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    Measurements of normalized differential cross sections as functions of the multiplicity and kinematic variables of charged-particle tracks from the underlying event in top quark and antiquark pair production are presented. The measurements are performed in proton-proton collisions at a center-of-mass energy of 13��, and are based on data collected by the CMS experiment at the LHC in 2016 corresponding to an integrated luminosity of 35.9fb(-1). Events containing one electron, one muon, and two jets from the hadronization and fragmentation of b quarks are used. These measurements characterize, for the first time, properties of the underlying event in top quark pair production and show no deviation from the universality hypothesis at energy scales typically above twice the top quark mass.We congratulate our colleagues in the CERN accelerator departments for the excellent performance of the LHC and thank the technical and administrative staffs at CERN and at other CMS institutes for their contributions to the success of the CMS effort. In addition, we gratefully acknowledge the computing centers and personnel of theWorldwide LHC Computing Grid for delivering so effectively the computing infrastructure essential to our analyses. Finally, we acknowledge the enduring support for the construction and operation of the LHC and the CMS detector provided by the following funding agencies: the Austrian Federal Ministry of Science, Research and Economy and the Austrian Science Fund; the Belgian Fonds de la Recherche Scientifique, and Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Onderzoek; the Brazilian Funding Agencies (CNPq, CAPES, FAPERJ, and FAPESP); the Bulgarian Ministry of Education and Science; CERN; the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Ministry of Science and Technology, and National Natural Science Foundation of China; the Colombian Funding Agency (COLCIENCIAS); the Croatian Ministry of Science, Education and Sport, and the Croatian Science Foundation; the Research Promotion Foundation, Cyprus; the Ministry of Education and Research, Estonian Research Council via IUT23-4 and IUT23-6 and European Regional Development Fund, Estonia; the Academy of Finland, Finnish Ministry of Education and Culture, and Helsinki Institute of Physics; the Institut National de Physique Nucleaire et de Physique des Particules/CNRS, and Commissariat a l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives/CEA, France; the Bundesministerium fur Bildung und Forschung, Deutsche Forschungsgemeinschaft, and Helmholtz-Gemeinschaft Deutscher Forschungszentren, Germany; the General Secretariat for Research and Technology, Greece; the National Scientific Research Foundation, and National Innovation Office, Hungary; the Department of Atomic Energy and the Department of Science and Technology, India; the Institute for Studies in Theoretical Physics and Mathematics, Iran; the Science Foundation, Ireland; the Istituto Nazionale di Fisica Nucleare, Italy; the Ministry of Science, ICT and Future Planning, and National Research Foundation (NRF), Republic of Korea; the Lithuanian Academy of Sciences; the Ministry of Education, and University of Malaya (Malaysia); the Mexican Funding Agencies (CINVESTAV, CONACYT, SEP, and UASLP-FAI); the Ministry of Business, Innovation and Employment, New Zealand; the Pakistan Atomic Energy Commission; the Ministry of Science and Higher Education and the National Science Centre, Poland; the Fundacao para a Ciencia e a Tecnologia, Portugal; JINR, Dubna; the Ministry of Education and Science of the Russian Federation, the Federal Agency of Atomic Energy of the Russian Federation, Russian Academy of Sciences, and the Russian Foundation for Basic Research; the Ministry of Education, Science and Technological Development of Serbia; the Secretaria de Estado de Investigacion, Desarrollo e Innovacion and Programa Consolider-Ingenio 2010, Spain; the Swiss Funding Agencies (ETH Board, ETH Zurich, PSI, SNF, UniZH, Canton Zurich, and SER); the Ministry of Science and Technology, Taipei; the Thailand Center of Excellence in Physics, the Institute for the Promotion of Teaching Science and Technology of Thailand, Special Task Force for Activating Research and the National Science and Technology Development Agency of Thailand; the Scientific and Technical Research Council of Turkey, and Turkish Atomic Energy Authority; the National Academy of Sciences of Ukraine, and State Fund for Fundamental Researches, Ukraine; the Science and Technology Facilities Council, UK; the US Department of Energy, and the US National Science Foundation. Individuals have received support from the Marie-Curie program and the European Research Council and EPLANET (European Union); the Leventis Foundation; the A. P. Sloan Foundation; the Alexander von Humboldt Foundation; the Belgian Federal Science Policy Office; the Fonds pour la Formation a la Recherche dans l'Industrie et dans l'Agriculture (FRIA-Belgium); the Agentschap voor Innovatie door Wetenschap en Technologie (IWT-Belgium); the Ministry of Education, Youth and Sports (MEYS) of the Czech Republic; the Council of Science and Industrial Research, India; the HOMING PLUS program of Foundation for Polish Science, cofinanced from European Union, Regional Development Fund; the Compagnia di San Paolo (Torino); the Consorzio per la Fisica (Trieste); MIUR project 20108T4XTM (Italy); the Thalis and Aristeia programs cofinanced by EU-ESF and the Greek NSRF; and the National Priorities Research Program by Qatar National Research Fund

    Proposing value-based technology acceptance model: testing on paid mobile media service

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    Rapid growth of online media markets among world populations led to attempts by companies to exploit mobile services as part of business planning practices. Relatedly, this study examines adoption of paid mobile media service (i.e., Amazon Prime Video) as a source of new information and communication technology with online-offline integrated mobile services. The study’s main objective is to identify a technology acceptance model from the perspective of consumer experiences of value perceptions. This study proposed a value-based technology acceptance model, deriving from classic variables related to technology acceptance with regard to relevant consumer value perception literature. The proposed model examined effects of positive and negative experiences of value perceptions on consumers’ beliefs about paid service which explained future use of the paid service. Results indicated that consumers’ positive experiences—social, emotional, and functional values—derived from using mobile media services positively explained consumers’ belief of the usefulness of the paid mobile media service. Consumers’ negative experiences with technological barriers negatively influenced consumers’ beliefs with regard to the ease of use for paid mobile service, while price risk negatively influenced perceived usefulness. Consequently, consumers’ perceptions of ease of use and usefulness related to using the paid service positively influenced behavioral intention for continuous use of the paid mobile media service

    Comparison of laboratory indices of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease for the detection of incipient kidney dysfunction

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    Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is closely linked to insulin resistance and related adverse health outcomes. We investigated the non-invasive index of NAFLD that has the best performance in estimating the renal manifestations of metabolic disturbances. This nation-wide, cross-sectional study included 11,836 subjects, using various non-invasive assessments comprising routinely measured clinical and laboratory variables. The subjects were native Koreans aged 20 years or older and had no diabetes, history of liver or kidney disease. All participants were divided into quintiles according to their fibrosis-4 (FIB-4) results. Participants in the highest quintile were more hypertensive and obese with greater glycemic exposure, poor lipid profiles, and impaired kidney function, than those in the other quintiles. Multiple logistic regression, adjusted for age, sex, smoking, systolic blood pressure, white blood cell, platelet, fasting plasma glucose, and triglyceride, demonstrated that FIB-4, the hepatic steatosis index, the aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase (AST/ALT) ratio, Gholam's model for non-alcoholic steatohepatitis, and the BARD score were independently associated with kidney dysfunction. ROC curve analysis revealed that FIB-4 (AUC = 0.6227, 95% CI [0.5929-0.6526], p = 0.0258) was the most precise in predicting kidney dysfunction. Our findings suggest that FIB-4 may be a favorable screening tool for the renal manifestation of hepatic metabolic disturbances

    Effects of acute carbon monoxide poisoning on venous thromboembolism: a population based study

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    Regenerative Medicine of the Bile Duct: Beyond the Myth

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    Cholangiopathies are rare diseases of the bile duct with high mortality rates. The current treatment for cholangiopathies is liver transplantation, but there are significant obstacles including a shortage of donors and a high risk of complications. Currently, there is only one available medicine on the market targeting cholangiopathies, and the results have been inadequate in clinical therapy. To overcome these obstacles, many researchers have used human induced pluripotent stem cells (hPSC) as a source for cholangiocyte-like cell generation and have incorporated advances in bioprinting to create artificial bile ducts for implantation and transplantation. This has allowed the field to move dramatically forward in studies of biliary regenerative medicine. In this review, the authors provide an overview of cholangiocytes, the organogenesis of the bile duct, cholangiopathies, and the current treatment and advances that have been made that are opening new doors to the study of cholangiopathies.This research was supported by Grants from the Medical Research Center (NRF-2017R1A5A2015395), the Bio & Medical Technology Development Program (2018M3A9H1023910, 2018M3A9H3022412) funded by the National Research Foundation of Korea (NRF) of the Ministry of Education, Science and Technology (MEST), and the Technology Innovation Program or Industrial Strategic Technology Development Program (10063334, Vascularized 3D tissue (liver/heart, cancer chip for evaluation of drug efficacy and toxicity) funded by the Ministry of Trade, Industry, & Energy of Korea

    A Comparative Study on the Efficiency of Korea and U.S. Universities Using DEA

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    [������������]��������������������� ������������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������������ ������������, Wilcoxon���Mann���Whitney (WMW) test��� ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ������������ ������ ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ��������������� ������. [������������]DEA ��������� R studio��� ��������������� ��������� ��������� ������������ CCR ��������� BCC ��������� ������������, WMW test��� ������ ������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ������. [������������]CCR ������, BCC ������ ��������� ��������� ��������������� 5������ ��������� ������������ 1��� ������������, ������ ��������� ������������ ��� 10% ��������� ������������. ������������������ ��� 40% ��������� ��������� ��������� ���������������, ������ ��� ��������� ��������� ��������� ������ ��������� ������������. [��������� ���������]��������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ��� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ������ ��������� ������ ������ ������ ��������� ��������� ������ ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������������� ��� ������������ ��������� ������������ ������ ��� ��� ������ ������ ��������� ������ ��������� ��������� ��������� ��������������� ��������� ������������ ��������� ��� ��� ������. [Purpose] This study is to apply a DEA model to measure the relative efficiency of university education between Korea and the U.S. in order to complement the limits of effectiveness���based evaluation. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relative efficiency of nonprofit organizations by using DEA to compare the effectiveness of university education between Korea and the U.S. [Methodology] The DEA analysis used R studio, and the efficiency analysis applied the CCR(Charnes et al., 1978) and BCC(Banker et al., 1984) models. The Wilcoxon���Mann���Whitney (WMW) test was used to compare the efficacy difference between Korea and U.S. universities. [Findings] In the CCR model, the BCC model, and the efficiency of scale, five universities showed efficiency of 1, and the efficiency of Korea universities were about 10% higher. The input factors need about 40% reduction and the efficiency difference between Korea and the U.S. varied depending on the model. [Implications] The efficiency analysis between Korea and U.S. universities shows that there are efficient universities in Korea too. Findings suggest that Korea universities are not lagging behind the U.S. universities in competition. and also we can find out what needs to be improved.��� ��������� ��������������� ������ ������ ������ ������������ ���������������(HY���2018���N)

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