Analysis of predictors of rabies-positive biting animals in Cambodia using spatio-temporal Bayesian regression modelling

International audienceCambodia is endemic for rabies, a fatal zoonotic viral disease transmitted through dog bites. The Institut Pasteur du Cambodge through its Rabies Prevention Center is the main institution in charge of rabies prevention and surveillance in the country. Its main tool for prevention is post-exposure prophylaxis (PEP) for bite victims. Allocation of specific PEP regimen is done based on the assessment of the severity of the wound and the information collected by IPC doctors from patients regarding the attack’s characteristics and the attacking animal’s health status. Furthermore, a small proportion of patients bring animals for testing, 60% of which were tested positive for rabies. Using the data collected from patient interviews from 2000 to 2016, we used a Bayesian spatio-temporal regression model to identify predictors for two outcomes: i) a patient bringing an animal for testing and ii) an animal testing positive for rabies. The ultimate aim of the analysis was to provide information that could help with allocation of PEP resources. Notably non-owned animals, a large number of bite victims, and unprovoked attacks were all predictive of a positive test. A suspected rabies status assigned by doctor based on animal symptom description was also highly predictive of a rabies test, with 94.6% of tested animals that were assigned as sick being positive for rabies. Furthermore, we identified three Provinces of Cambodia with higher odds of positive tests: Kampong Cham, Kandal and Kampong Thom. This information could help allocate limited PEP resources, though this study showed IPC already a strong protocol to identify patients exposed to a rabies suspect dog

Cadmium-Fe-Mn coupling in sphalerite from MVT Pb-Zn deposits: Implications for critical metal Cd enrichment

International audienceAbstract Sphalerite is a crucial host mineral for germanium (Ge) resources worldwide. However, the oxidation state (+2 or +4) of Ge and its substitution mechanism in sphalerite remain a subject of ongoing debate. The Huize and Maoping deposits are the largest and second largest Pb-Zn-Ge deposits in the Mississippi Valley Type (MVT) metallogenic province in southwest China, respectively. Four types of Ge-rich sphalerite have been identified within these two deposits: C1-Huize, C3-Huize, C1-Maoping, and C5-Maoping. This study employs synchrotron-based microscale X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-XAFS) methods, including X-ray absorption near-edge structure (μ-XANES) and extended X-ray absorption fine structure (μ-EXAFS) analyses, to investigate the Ge distribution, oxidation state, and neighboring atomic environment within the Huize and Maoping Ge-rich sphalerites. The results suggest that the incorporation of Ge4+ and Cu+ into sphalerite occurs at varying Cu/Ge molar ratios, depending on the availability/concentration of Cu in the sphalerite (i.e., Cu/Ge ≥ 2). On the other hand, Ge2+ and Ge4+ coexist when Ge and one vacancy (□) substitute for Zn in sphalerite. These different types of Ge substitutions influence the position of Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell in the structure, while they have minor effects on the location of S atoms in the first neighboring atomic shell. The presence of vacancies strongly affects Zn atoms in the second neighboring atomic shell when coupled with Ge substitution in sphalerite, resulting in smaller interatomic distances and significant structural disorder (Debye-Waller factor). Additionally, two Cd2+ ions are required to co-replace two Zn2+ ions to fill the structural defects caused by vacancies. In contrast, the substitution of Cu+ and Ge4+ for two Zn ions results in a more ordered spatial structure, which is not distinctly controlled by the Fe content of sphalerite. Based on the characterization of the Ge oxidation state and local structure, we redefined the Ge substitution mechanisms inferred from element correlations: (1) Ge4+ + 2Cd2+ + □ → 4Zn2+ and Ge2+ → Zn2+ in C1-Huize; (2) Ge4+ + 2Cu+ → 3Zn2+ in C3-Huize and C1-Maoping; and (3) 3Cu+ + As3+ + Ge4+ → 5Zn2+ in C5-Maoping. This study not only elucidates the distribution of Ge in different valence states but also unveils its true spatial structure in sphalerite. These findings have significant implications for investigating Ge substitution and enrichment mechanisms in sphalerite

sEMG-Based Motion Recognition for Robotic Surgery Training Using Machine Learning and Variable-Length Sliding Windows – A Preliminary Study

International audienceThe advent of robotic surgery has brought about a paradigm shift in the medical field, necessitating the development of corresponding surgical skills training and assessment methods. These methods aim to enable surgeons to acquire the requisite skills for robotic surgery in the most efficient manner. Despite the progression from a master-apprentice system to manual objective assessment and then automated performance assessment methods, certain limitations have been observed. Our research aims to address these limitations by exploring muscle activity and state information during training via surface electromyography (sEMG) signals. This approach is intended to eventually provide interpretable information that can enhance the trainee's understanding of assessment feedback and facilitate skill improvement. Building on our first study that validated the feasibility of motion primitive recognition based on sEMG signals, this work compares the performance of various machine learning (ML) methods for motion primitive recognition. It also investigates the effect of different parameters of the sliding window on recognition accuracy. Our findings indicate that the deep neural network (DNN) when paired with optimal sliding window parameters, can achieve the best average accuracy of 61.76% in this study. The discoveries also provide a reference of parameter settings for variable-length sliding window approach and ML methods in recognition of robotic surgery motion based on sEMG data. By demonstrating the feasibility and exploring the most effective analysis method, this work lays down the first stone to address the research topic of integrating muscle information into multimodal surgical skill training and assessment

Le diagnostic et la prise en charge kinésithérapiquechez une patiente atteinte d’un syndrome du déficiténergétique relatif dans le sport (RED-S): Scoping review

mémoire de fin d'études en masso-kinésithérapie -grade master- UE 28Introduction : Le déficit énergétique relatif dans le sport (RED-S) est une altération des fonctionnements physiologiques et/ou psychologiques causée par une faible disponibilité énergétique. Les jeunes femmes sont les plus à risque, notamment celles pratiquant une activité physique régulière et/ou intense mettant l’accent sur la minceur. Environ 15 à 80% des athlètes sont touchées par ce syndrome. Malgré cette prévalence élevée, un manque de connaissances des athlètes et des professionnels est à souligner. Ce constat démontre l’urgence desensibilisations et de formations. L’objectif de cette étude est de déterminer comment les masseurs-kinésithérapeutes peuvent dépister et mieux accompagner les patientes atteintes du RED-S, alors qu’il semble exister un manque de connaissances par les acteurs de ce syndrome.Méthode : Une revue de portée a été réalisée en utilisant les bases de données PubMed, ScienceDirect et Cochrane Library. Seules les études en rapport avec la question de rechercheet publiées au cours des 5 ou 10 dernières années ont été retenues. De plus, elles devaient être rédigées en français ou anglais, et avoir pour population cible la femme. Au total, l’équation de recherche a identifié 42 articles.Résultats : 7 études ont été sélectionnées et réparties en 3 catégories : l’éducation, le diagnostic et la prévention. Les résultats des programmes éducatifs indiquent une amélioration des connaissances des athlètes. Concernant le diagnostic, le questionnaire LEAF-Q est le plus fréquemment utilisé. Il est souvent associé à d’autres outils qualitatifs, notamment des questionnaires sur les troubles alimentaires. Des variations de marqueurs sanguins et de l’apport énergétique sont observables lors d’un déficit énergétique.Conclusion : Les programmes éducatifs, et particulièrement les vidéos, augmentent les connaissances des athlètes, mais ne suffisent pas à changer leur comportement alimentaire. Face au caractère multifactoriel du RED-S, une prise en charge pluri-profesionnelle semble être plus adaptée, notamment en prenant en compte la santé mentale de l’athlète. De plus, une évaluation nutritionnelle régulière ainsi qu’une surveillance des marqueurs sanguins permettent de diagnostiquer le RED-S et de limiter ses risques

Perioperative ventilation support, what clinicians and searchers must know

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Redox signaling, a hidden player in the regulation of N metabolism by C metabolism?

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R2TP-like quaternary chaperones: a comprehensive overview to understand the dynamic R2SP complex

The human R2SP complex belongs to the R2TP-like quaternary chaperone family and consists of RUVBL1, RUVBL2, SPAG1 and PIH1D2. R2SP is crucial for the correct assembly of motile cilia (SPAG1 null mutations cause Primary Ciliary Dyskinesia) and the organization of the synaptic zone. RUVBL1/2 ATPases are the powerhouse of this molecular machinery, while SPAG1 and PIH1D2 would be adaptors that interact with specific clients to promote their quaternary assembly. Despite these functional data, little is known about the structure of R2SP and the precise mode of action of these R2TP-like complexes. We have combined biochemical and structural approaches (NMR, structural mass spectrometry and cryo-EM) to investigate the 3D organization of the human R2SP complex, its mode of assembly and ATPase activity. Our study reveals a three-dimensional structure similar to that of the canonical R2TP complex, but also highlights differences in the mode of action of its RUVBL1/2 ATPase core as well as the binding of its adaptors SPAG1 and PIH1D2

Legacy of mantle fabrics preserved within heavily serpentinized peridotites in Hole BA3A cores of the Oman Drilling Project

International audienceCrystallographic preferred orientations (CPO) of olivine within natural peridotites are commonly expressed by pole figures for the [100], [010], and [001] axes, and they can be categorized into six well-known crystal fabric types: A, B, C, D, E, and AG. In this paper, we have studied olivine crystal fabrics preserved within serpentinized peridotites in Hole BA3A cores from the Wadi Tayin mantle section of the Samail ophiolite in the Sultanate of Oman, drilled by the ICDP Oman Drilling Project (OmanDP) as part of the Multi-Borehole Observatory (MBO). Hole BA3A cores mostly consist of serpentinized harzburgites with small proportions of thin serpentinized dunitic and mafic layers. Quarter slabs were obtained from Hole BA3A cores, from parts of the core in which the degree of serpentinization was slightly lower than the range of the average through the whole core (70-96 %). The mineral phases and crystal orientations in each polished thin section were analyzed using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) equipped with an electron backscatter diffraction (EBSD) system. EBSD mapping and data processing were then performed to reveal the original CPO of mantle olivine, based on the orientation of relict grains of olivine in surrounding serpentine that retain the legacy of mantle fabrics. As a result, we found that olivine CPOs in Hole BA3A cores were mostly characterized by A to D type fabrics typical of steeply oriented, late, relatively low temperature mantle shear zones in the Samail ophiolite, as opposed to A to AG type fabrics typical of high-T asthenospheric mantle textures. However, Hole BA3A cores preserve foliations subparallel to the crust-mantle boundary like some of the high temperature fabrics. This implies that the olivine fabric transition could have occurred during continued deformation at progressively lower temperature until mantle flow ceased within the lithospheric mantle

Personnels civils de la défense

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Iptacopan Reduces Proteinuria and Stabilizes Kidney Function in C3 Glomerulopathy

International audienceIntroduction : C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) is a complex, chronic, ultra rare, progressive primary glomerulonephritis, resulting from alternative complement pathway overactivation, leading to kidney failure in most patients, and frequent recurrence in transplants. Iptacopan (LNP023) is an oral, proximal complement inhibitor specifically targeting factor B, that selectively inhibits the alternative complement pathway.Methods : This was a phase 2 extension study of 26 adult patients with native kidney (cohort A), or recurrent C3G (post kidney transplantation; cohort B) receiving open label iptacopan.Results : At 12 months, patients in cohort A had a significant reduction in 24-hour urine protein-to-creatinine ratio (UPCR; 57%; P < 0.0001; confidence interval [CI]: 0.31–0.59), an improvement in estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR; 6.83 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.0174; CI: 1.25–12.40), and an increase in serum C3 levels (geometric mean ratio to baseline: 3.53; P < 0.0001; CI: 3.01–4.15). In cohort B, most patients had normal urinary protein excretion at baseline (mean [range] 24-hour UPCR: 121 [9–445]), which was slightly lower by 12 months (21% reduction; CI: 0.48–1.31; P = 0.3151). In cohort B at 12 months, mean eGFR was at baseline values (mean change from baseline: −0.96 ml/min per 1.73 m2; P = 0.7335; CI: −6.60 to 4.69). Cohort B patients had significantly higher serum C3 values at 12 months compared with baseline (ratio:1.96; CI: 1.70–2.27; P < 0.0001). In cohorts A + B combined, the median difference in C3 deposit score on renal biopsy from baseline was −7.00 (CI: −12.00 to 4.00;) at 9 to 12 months treatment with iptacopan.Conclusion : These data provide a clinical rationale for further evaluation of long-term treatment of C3G with iptacopan