Sustainable strategy of green open space in reducing stress levels in urban areas

Background: Cities around the world are facing increasing challenges related to high levels of stress in urban areas. One strategy that has been proposed to overcome this problem is the development of Green Open Space with a sustainable approach. This study aims to evaluate the impact and effectiveness of sustainable strategies for developing green open spaces in reducing stress levels in urban areas, with the City of East Jakarta. Methods: The systematic literature review involves searching for previous research that focuses on the relationship between green open spaces and mental health. Findings: The research results show that developing green open spaces with a sustainable approach can significantly reduce stress levels in urban areas. The people of East Jakarta indicate that the existence of green open spaces provides an effective escape from the stresses of daily life, as well as improving their overall quality of life. Improving the quality of green open spaces and sustainable development can create an environment that supports the mental and physical health of urban communities. Conclusion: Collaborating with community participation in the planning process, as well as continuing to conduct research to understand more deeply the positive impact of green open space on the welfare of urban communities so that a sustainable strategy for developing green open space can become a strong foundation for creating a city that is healthier and friendlier to stress levels and hopefully can make an important contribution to sustainable urban development efforts in terms of psychological well-being. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study highlights the significant role of sustainable green open space development in reducing urban stress levels, emphasizing community involvement and continuous research as key factors for fostering a healthier and more livable city

Assessing the vulnerability of urban areas to the urban heat island phenomenon: Strategies for effective mitigation and sustainable urban planning

Background: Urban Heat Island (UHI) is a phenomenon that causes significant temperature differences between urban areas and surrounding suburban or rural areas. This phenomenon can be found even in medium to small-sized cities and is measured based on the temperature difference between urban and rural areas. Methods: This study employs a systematic literature review to analyze research on urban heat islands and applied mitigation strategies. The review follows a structured process, including selection criteria based on albedo, vegetation area, and anthropogenic factors, to identify and classify relevant case studies. The analysis focuses on three mitigation approaches: reducing urban albedo, increasing vegetation, and reducing anthropogenic heat emissions. Findings: In cities, urban heat islands are influenced by factors such as building density, the nature of roads and building surface materials that store heat, lack of green land, and activities carried out in urban areas. With high activity and population density, urban heat islands can cause temperature increases both locally and globally. The increase in temperature in the microclimate in urban areas triggers an increase in death rates due to heat waves, causes discomfort in human activities, and greatly impacts vulnerable groups. This phenomenon will become increasingly widespread due to urbanization which results in urban sprawl which expands urban areas. Conclusion: Urban vulnerability to urban heat islands requires interdisciplinary studies to analyse and develop effective mitigation. The mitigation carried out aims to reduce the negative impact of the urban heat island phenomenon. Novelty/Originality of this article: Three mitigation solutions that can be implemented are reducing urban albedo because albedo can reflect solar radiation, increasing urban vegetation to reduce heat in the surrounding area, and reducing anthropogenic heat emissions by reducing heat emissions from daily activities

Green open space planning based on spatial justice in Jakarta: Study of child friendly integrated public spaces/RPTRA and general green open space

Background: Urbanization has significantly reduced green open spaces in Jakarta, impacting ecological balance and quality of life. While the importance of green open spaces for urban quality of life is well understood, comprehensive studies on spatial justice related to the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in major cities like Jakarta are still limited. This study aims to assess the distribution, accessibility, and government budget allocation for public green open spaces in South Jakarta, with a focus on spatial justice and equitable access. Method: Using GIS software, this study assesses the distribution and accessibility of urban green spaces, conducts descriptive analysis on government budget allocation, and evaluates justice in public green space planning in South Jakarta. Findings: Despite the overall availability of green open space in South Jakarta meeting the standard of 0.2 m²/capita, the sub-districts of Pasar Minggu and Pesanggrahan still exhibit gaps in availability, and accessibility uneven trough all South Jakarta. Conclusion: Moreover, the budget allocated by the government for green spaces is relatively low compared to the total budget of DKI Jakarta. Green open space planning in the City of South Jakarta has not yet fully achieved spatial justice. This is influenced by the insufficient number, area and distribution to reach all regions and accommodate all levels of society. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This study highlights spatial injustice in the distribution and accessibility of green open spaces in South Jakarta using GIS analysis, revealing disparities despite meeting per capita standards and inadequate government budget allocation

Spatial planning based on urban waste-generating: A streetscape design perspective

Background: The concept of sustainable spatial planning can solve the limited land area of ​​DKI Jakarta Province. The increasing amount of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province and the increasing population will cause the Bantargebang TPST's capacity to be insufficient soon. This research aims to analyze the amount of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province. Method: The quantitative research approach uses mixed methods, including literature review and descriptive and spatial statistics. The data is secondary data from the Environmental and Cleanliness Information System of the DKI Jakarta Province Environmental Service (SILIKA). Findings: The results show the distribution of waste generation, presented in the form of a GIS (Geographic Information System) map. The results of this research show that the increase in the population of DKI Jakarta Province impacts waste generation; waste generation in 2019 increased by 54% in 2021. Recapitulation of waste generation in DKI Jakarta Province in 2021 Measurement Period I, the highest in East Jakarta, 2247.39 tonnes, and the lowest in Central Jakarta, 787 tons of waste. Conclusions: The study highlights that population growth directly increases waste production, with East Jakarta producing the most waste in 2021. The study highlights the need for sustainable spatial planning to address land scarcity and waste management challenges in the region. Novelty/Originality of this Article: This study introduces a GIS-based spatial analysis of waste generation in DKI Jakarta, highlighting the direct impact of population growth on waste production and the urgent need for sustainable spatial planning to address land scarcity and waste management challenges

Achieving sustainable construction through the integration of lean construction and ESG: A critical review

Background: With the expansion of construction sector, being environmentally responsible and sustainable has become crucial. Given its significant impact on carbon emissions and resource consumption, the industry is encouraged to adopt approaches that enhance efficiency while addressing environmental, social, and economic concerns. Methods: This study employed a systematic review and bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer software to qualitatively examine the alignment between Lean Construction and the ESG framework in the construction industry. Findings: Lean Construction (LC), closely aligned with Sustainability and the Environmental, Social, and Governance (ESG) framework, offers a strategy focused on continuous improvement, waste reduction, and value creation. The integration of LC and ESG can accelerate the achievement of sustainability through waste reduction, resource efficiency, and improved worker welfare and better project governance. The objective of this study was to explore the trends associated with the alignment between these two methods in the world of construction and opportunities for further research development. Conclusion: This study conducted through systematic review and bibliometric analysis employing VOS viewer software for qualitative analysis. For future research opportunities there will be many related topics such as design or methodology, waste reduction, sustainable building, circular economy, lean tools and carbon footprint. Novelty/Originality of this article: This article lies in its integrated exploration of Lean Construction and the ESG framework through a systematic bibliometric analysis, offering new insights into their synergistic potential for advancing sustainability in the construction industry

Policy optimization in providing green open spaces by urban government: A comparative study in streetscape design approaches

Background: Green Open Space (GOS) in urban areas is experiencing a significant decline in quality and quantity due to rapid population growth and urbanization. This growth drives land conversion for urban infrastructure, including buildings, trade, industry, and residential areas. In Indonesia, the provision of GOS is mandated by Law Number 11 of 2020, which stipulates that urban areas must allocate 30% of their land for GOS (20% public and 10% private). Methods: This study employs both qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method explores geographic and societal conditions, as well as policies, success stories, and challenges in providing Green Open Space (GOS) in Jakarta, Surabaya, and Samarinda. This involves a literature review of statistical data, prior research, and policy documents, as well as secondary data to analyze GOS conditions and needs based on regulations. Challenges in fulfilling GOS are categorized into technical, policy, and political aspects. The quantitative method uses the Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP) to prioritize policies for achieving the 30% GOS target in the three cities. Findings: The study identified five key priorities for GOS policy implementation based on AHP calculations: Commitment of leaders and political actors, Stakeholder collaboration, Availability of green regulations, Community participation, and Private sector involvement. The research highlighted that cities with lower population densities, such as Samarinda, have a comparative advantage in achieving the 30% GOS target compared to denser cities like Jakarta and Surabaya. Furthermore, the study emphasized the role of heterogeneous community characteristics in shaping the effectiveness of GOS policies. Achieving sustainable urban development requires a strong commitment from policymakers and local communities. Novelty/Originality of This Article: This research provides a novel perspective on GOS policy optimization by integrating AHP analysis with urban land-use strategies. This research highlights the importance of contextual factors, such as population density and community heterogeneity, in successfully implementing GOS policies

Environmentally-conscious cities: Energy transformation through ecoregional planning and carbon trading for sustainable regional development

Background: The global climate crisis and dependency on fossil fuels pose serious threats to food, water, and energy security in Indonesia, particularly in ecologically and economically strategic regions such as Garut Regency. This research proposes an integrated strategy for sustainable regional development based on ecoregional planning and carbon trading, addressing spatial inequality, environmental degradation, and clean energy transformation. Methods: Spatial-territorial analysis and participatory cross-sectoral policy review serve as the primary methodology, supplemented by stakeholder interviews and geospatial assessments.  Findings: The findings reveal significant renewable energy potential in Garut, including geothermal (PLTP Darajat), solar, micro-hydro, and biomass from agricultural waste. However, 52.57% land-use misalignment, a 42.46% decline in forest area, and water deficits in 19 sub-districts endanger ecosystem stability and local economic resilience. Strategic ecoregional planning, including environmental carrying capacity-based zoning, 45% protected area retention, and renewable energy integration into spatial plans, can reverse these negative trends. Implementation requires multi-sectoral collaboration involving government, private sector, and communities, supported by green technologies and innovative financing (APBD, KPBU, CSR). The environmental benefits encompass biodiversity conservation, enhanced climate resilience, and emission reductions toward the net-zero emissions 2045 target. Conclusion: This study concludes that Garut’s transformation into an energy-independent, socially equitable, and ecologically resilient region can serve as a national model for achieving the Golden Indonesia 2045 vision. Novelty/Originality of this article: The novelty of this article lies in proposing an integrated ecoregional planning and carbon trading framework as a scalable model for aligning spatial planning, renewable energy development, and socio-political risk management in regional sustainability transitions

Learning pedestrian’s perspective towards sidewalk through new urbanism

In the 1990s, several urban and environmental designers discussed various issues related to suburban expansion, including income disparities, environmental degradation, and rampant use of motorized vehicles. The New Urbanism movement became known in the 1970s and 1980s in America. The principles of New Urbanism are clearly illustrated in the book Charter of the New Urbanism (Leccese & McCormick, 2000). The nature of being friendly to pedestrians is one form/pattern of the theory of New Urbanism. New Urbanism is also known as neotraditional design, transit-oriented development, and traditional or neighborhood development (TND). The analysis technique used for this goal is IPA (Important Performance Analysis). Before conducting the analysis process, it is necessary to test the validity and reliability and the Wilcoxon test of the variables used. The study focuses on the Tunjungan area in Surabaya City, an essential element of accessibility for trade and service areas. A pedestrian network is necessary for safe and comfortable mobility, as mandated by the Regulation of the Minister of Public Works. TOD nodes were created to connect public and private transportation and link neighborhoods and districts through corridors. These corridors are essential in developing New Urbanism theory, which recommends corridors with mixed land use patterns to create a compatible environment and protect public security, health, and safety. Community participation is necessary to develop regulations related to corridors

Sustainable environmental governance as the implementation of state defense policy

Background: Land waters in urban areas often become a source of problems if they are not managed wisely and firmly. The threat and risk of danger, disease and even death always haunt the people who live on the banks of the river. Poverty and slum areas are negative effects of less than optimal land water management in urban areas. The Indonesian government has taken various steps to address this, but the lack of urban land for settlement is the reason why immigrants from other regions reside and reside in dangerous areas such as riverbanks. The compulsion to live minimally in urban areas is a burden for local governments in their efforts to increase welfare as well as improve sustainable urban governance. Many other cities in developed countries have made efforts to improve inland water areas to alleviate poverty and at the same time beautify the urban landscape. The experts agreed to hold discussions to formulate the best policy steps for sustainable urban governance in Indonesia. Methods: In the process of data analysis and decision making related to sustainable environmental governance as implementation of national defense policy, this article utilizes the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Data Processing Method. Finding: The results of in-depth discussions and interviews with experts in the field of environment, urban governance, economic experts and poverty management experts from various institutions such as the Ministry of Social Affairs, PUPR Ministry, Spatial Planning and City Planning Services, Academics and also the Military were processed using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP). Conclusion: The best decision alternative will be a recommendation for policy makers regarding sustainable urban governance.  Novelty/Originality of this study: This study is relevant to the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) Method to formulate sustainable urban water management policies in Indonesia, involving various experts and related institutions to overcome poverty and improve urban landscapes. Therefore, this study can show policy recommendations based on various aspects and views

The role of green open spaces in the mental health and happiness of urban communities

Background: Mental health is the most important thing in human life, but in reality in Indonesia the level of mental health disorders is still high. People who live in urban areas are vulnerable to mental health disorders such as anxiety, stress and depression which are caused, among other things, by high work pressure and lack of recreational activities. Method: This article uses a non-experimental correlational method, collecting secondary data from various sources and journal articles without experimental manipulation. The focus is on urban communities. Findings: Difficulty accessing natural things, such as rural environments, even something "green". is one of the factors that makes urban residents easily experience depression. Depression can cause decreased energy, sleep disturbances, changes in appetite, and other physical problems, therefore fulfilling recreational needs that are cheap and easily accessible through public open spaces can be a solution to reduce people's stress levels. Conclusion: Green open space (RTH) provides an opportunity to escape from fatigue, work pressure, city crowds so that people can release their stress by immersing themselves in nature and connecting themselves with the natural environment. RTH has many positive benefits so its existence is very necessary, especially in densely populated residential areas. Novelty/Originality of this article: This study proposes a model for integrating green open space (GOS) into urban planning that considers physical aspects and therapeutic functions for mental health. This model combines evidence-based GOS design with community mental health programs, creating a 'green healing zone' that can be accessed and optimally utilized by city residents to reduce stress and improve mental well-being