The reality of sex reassignment (Transgender) in the light of Islamic teachings Research and critical review

This research critically examines the phenomenon of sex reassignment and transgender identity from an Islamic perspective, highlighting theological, legal, and moral dimensions. In recent years, gender identity debates have taken a central place in global discourse, influencing legislation even in Muslim-majority countries. This paper analyzes these developments through the lens of Islamic teachings, particularly the concept of fitrah (natural disposition), which affirms that Allah’s creation is perfect and immutable. The Qur’anic injunction “There is no change in the creation of Allah” (30:30) serves as a central theological foundation for the Islamic prohibition against altering one’s biological sex.Drawing upon primary sources such as the Qur’an, Hadith, classical fiqh (Islamic jurisprudence), and contemporary scholarly opinions, this study differentiates between intersex conditions—where corrective intervention may be permissible—and elective gender reassignment based on psychological or emotional grounds, which is impermissible. The research also addresses common secular arguments supporting gender reassignment—such as identity, freedom, and human rights—through a critical Islamic framework. It critiques modern legislation in countries like Pakistan that allow self-perceived gender identity, arguing that such policies conflict with Islamic law and risk undermining social and moral order.Furthermore, the study explores the spiritual and societal consequences of normalizing gender reassignment, including threats to the family structure, deviation from divine guidance, and the influence of Western ideologies through media. The paper concludes with recommendations emphasizing the role of scholars, religious education, policy reform, and counseling services to address gender confusion within an Islamic ethical framework

Artificial Intelligence (AI) Based Instructional Model for Enhancing Personalized Learning in the Classroom

In this research, I address the question of whether an instructional model based on Artificial Intelligence (AI) can help provide more individual learning experiences in an engaging English classroom context among the learners in the ninth grade. A quantitative type of research using a sample size of 30 students was performed through pre- and post-intervening surveys, engagement and performance monitoring. The main aims were presenting the effectiveness of AI in providing personalized content provision, measuring its influence on the student engagement and performance, the interaction of a teacher with the system, and revealing the distinctions based on gender in terms of system acceptance and effectiveness. The results indicated that the AI instruction model contributed to significant increases in the personalized learning results. The level of engagement, educational performance, and the interaction with the AI system proved to be higher in case of male students and lower in case of female students. It was discovered that teacher participation was an important key to the effective implementation of the AI tool and the greater the interaction of a teacher with students, the better are the results of the learning. These findings are indicative of the fact that gender relations, as well as an active teacher intervening process, are critical factors in the process of AI-guided instruction optimization. On the basis of those results, it is suggested that schools should utilize AI based models in facilitating personal learning, as well as well-planned teacher education and gender-sensitive interaction patterns. The research is an addition to the existing evidence of the usefulness of AI in the educational environment and the criticality of the inclusive practices approach that would help realize the potential value of AI to its maximum. To further elaborate, future studies ought to consider these findings beyond the short-term effects, different subjects, and large classes of students with the intention of comprehending how such AI-based learning interventions are scalable and sustainable

Influence of English Language Proficiency on Academic and Social Experiences of University Student-Athletes in Pakistan

Social integration of university student-athletes in Pakistan. University life in Pakistan presents unique challenges for student-athletes, especially those with limited command of English, which can affect their academic performance, classroom participation, and ability to build effective relationships with peers and instructors. To explore these dynamics, a mixed-methods approach was employed involving 200 student-athletes from two universities in Faisalabad. Quantitative data were gathered through structured surveys measuring students’ English language competency, academic outcomes, and social engagement, while qualitative data were collected through semi-structured interviews. Thematic analysis was used to examine qualitative responses, and appropriate statistical methods were applied to analyze quantitative findings. Results indicated that student-athletes with higher English proficiency performed better academically, participated more confidently in class, and integrated more easily into social circles. In contrast, those with limited proficiency often experienced academic stress, social isolation, and difficulty in meeting academic standards. These findings highlight the compounded burden faced by student-athletes in managing both academic and athletic responsibilities. Limited English proficiency was shown to intensify this burden, potentially impacting their overall university experience and future career opportunities. The study underscores the need for universities to implement targeted language support programs that can help student-athletes overcome linguistic challenges, thereby promoting a more inclusive and equitable academic environment. The research concludes that strengthening English language skills is essential for the academic and social success of student-athletes in higher education institutions in Pakistan

Linguistic Framing of Climate Change Responsibility in News Media: A Cross-National Analysis of Pakistani and American Newspapers

Climate change is not only a scientific and political concern but also a discursive phenomenon constructed through media language. This study examines how English-language newspapers from Pakistan and the United States linguistically frame responsibility for climate change, utilizing Hallidayian Systemic Functional Grammar, specifically the transitivity system, in conjunction with Entman\u27s Framing Theory. A corpus of 50 articles—25 from each country, published from January 2024 to December 2024—was analyzed using both quantitative and qualitative methods. Corpus tools (AntConc, LancsBox, UAM CorpusTool) were employed to identify process types and participant roles that construct agency, blame, and action in climate discourse. Findings reveal that Pakistani newspapers emphasize material processes and human agency, often foregrounding global injustice and vulnerability. In contrast, U.S. newspapers favor nominalizations and passive constructions that frame climate action as a shared or institutional responsibility. This contrast reflects deeper geopolitical asymmetries: Pakistan\u27s discourse appeals to moral and financial accountability, whereas U.S. media prioritize technocratic solutions and collective action. By integrating linguistic analysis with framing theory in a comparative context, the study contributes to critical discourse analysis and climate communication scholarship. It highlights how language encodes ideological positioning and power dynamics, ultimately shaping public understanding of environmental justice and global responsibility

Applied Psychology in Teaching Methodology: Insights from the Practices of Prophet Hazrat Muhammad

Teaching is both an art and a science, requiring an in-depth understanding of human behavior, cognitive processes, and motivational drivers. Applied psychology, with its vast body of knowledge, provides valuable insights for optimizing teaching methodologies. This research article explores the intersection between applied psychology and the teaching methods employed by Prophet Muhammad (SAW), the founder of Islam. By examining the pedagogical strategies used by the Prophet, we can identify principles that align with contemporary educational practices. Prophet Muhammad\u27s approach to teaching, rooted in empathy, patience, and strategic communication, mirrors key concepts in applied psychology that emphasize active learning, positive reinforcement, and emotional intelligence. This research highlights eight essential areas where the Prophet\u27s teaching methods align with psychological principles, including the use of storytelling, individualized attention, promoting intrinsic motivation, fostering a growth mindset, and emphasizing the importance of a supportive learning environment. Furthermore, the Prophet’s emphasis on moral and character development in his teaching further supports the psychological perspective that emotional and social well-being are integral to learning. By drawing parallels between these traditional methods and modern psychological theories, we gain a richer understanding of how educational practices can be enhanced. This paper aims to provide contemporary educators with practical insights drawn from both Islamic teachings and applied psychology, thereby helping to refine their pedagogical approaches. Ultimately, these insights can help educators engage students more effectively and create a more supportive and dynamic learning experience in the modern educational landscape.                                   

Reconciling the Void: An Analysis of McCarthy’s The Road (2006)

Cormac McCarthy’s The Road (2006) presents a stark, post-apocalyptic world stripped of structure, meaning, and divine presence, yet within this narrative of devastation lies a profound exploration of survival, love, and metaphysical reckoning. This paper investigates how the novel confronts the concept of “the void”—a space of absence, death, and spiritual silence—while simultaneously offering the possibility of reconciliation through human connection and moral perseverance. By analyzing the unnamed father and son’s journey, the essay examines how their bond functions as a moral axis in a world where traditional systems of belief and ethics have collapsed. Through close textual analysis and philosophical reflection, the paper argues that The Road both acknowledges and resists nihilism: the void is not denied, but met with acts of care, memory, and storytelling. The narrative’s sparse language and recurring imagery of fire, darkness, and silence are read as stylistic manifestations of McCarthy’s existential concerns. Special attention is given to the novel’s ending, particularly the trout passage, which offers a potential vision of beauty and permanence amidst ruin. This moment is interpreted not as resolution, but as a final gesture toward the unknowable—a symbolic reconciliation with the void that defines the novel’s moral and metaphysical terrain. Drawing on existential and post-theological frameworks, the paper positions The Road as a literary meditation on endurance, meaning, and the remnants of faith in a disintegrated world

Effects of School and Home Environment on Students’ Learning at Secondary Level

This study investigates the effects of both school and home environments on students’ learning outcomes at the secondary level. Recognizing that academic achievement is shaped by a combination of institutional and domestic factors, the research explores the influence of climate, teacher–student relationships, teaching quality, peer interactions, and the availability of learning resources and infrastructure in schools. Similarly, it examines the role of parental involvement, socio-economic status, home study habits, family support, and access to digital learning tools within the home setting. A mixed-methods approach was employed, utilizing surveys, classroom observations, and semi-structured interviews with students, teachers, and parents from diverse socio-economic backgrounds. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistics, while qualitative data were thematically coded to identify recurring patterns. Findings reveal that a positive school climate, supportive teacher–student relationships, adequate learning facilities, and constructive peer influence significantly enhance student motivation and academic performance. Likewise, parental engagement, stable socio-economic conditions, consistent study routines, and reliable digital access at home were found to strongly correlate with improved learning outcomes. The study underscores the need for integrated interventions where both schools and families collaboratively foster environments conducive to holistic student development. Recommendations include targeted teacher training, improved infrastructure, parental education programs, and policies to bridge the digital divide

Syntactic Analyses of Pakistani and British Newspaper: Syntax in Action

Sentence structure and patterns are of great significance as they play a significant role in effective communication which is the essence of news articles. Limited research has been done on syntactic analysis of sentence structure and patterns employed in newspaper articles. This study conducted a comparative syntactic analysis of news articles from British and Pakistani newspapers. A mixed method approach was followed; the data was collected from five news articles each from the newspapers, The Guardian and The Nation that were published in April 2025 and was analyzed qualitatively by syntactic analysis. The findings with the help of quantitative method were then presented in the form of percentages to show how frequently certain sentence structure and pattern had been used in the newspaper articles. The research concluded that the most common sentence structures used in both newspapers’ articles were S+V, S+LV+SC, S+V+O+A, and S+V+O among others. Among the four sentence structures, S+V+O+A (41%)  was frequently used in The Nation while S+LV+SC (49%) was used the most in The Guardian. Moreover, the most frequently occurring sentence pattern was the simple sentence (32.8%) in The Nation whereas complex sentence (38.5%) was the most used in The Guardian. The research contributes to the understanding of the usage of sentence structures and patterns in newspapers and can enhance comprehension, human communication, and journalism practices

امن کے لئے رسول اللہﷺ کےاِقدامات: جامع الترمذی کی كِتَابُ السِّيَرِکی روشنی میں ایک خصوصی مطالعہ

This research delves into the depiction of the expeditions and battles (Ghazwat) of the Holy Prophet Muhammad (SAW) and his companions as discussed in the Hadith literature, specifically in the "Kitab-ul-Siar," a chapter dedicated to the details of military campaigns in various Hadith collections. One of the key sources for this study is Imam Tirmizi’s renowned work, Sunan Al-Tirmizi, where he elaborates on the strategies, laws, and provisions related to battles conducted by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW). The research aims to shed light on the peaceful measures and ethical guidelines followed by the Prophet during the course of these battles, offering a nuanced understanding of Jihad and war in Islam. The study is organized into two primary sections: the first explores the concept of Jihad and its strategic application within Islamic teachings, emphasizing the balance between warfare and peace. The second section focuses on the peace measures adopted by the Prophet Muhammad (SAW) in the midst of conflict, demonstrating the humane and ethical principles that governed his military conduct. The research underscores that even in the context of warfare, the Prophet (SAW) emphasized restraint, compassion, and the protection of non-combatants, providing a model for ethical warfare in Islamic jurisprudence.The findings of the research reveal a profound understanding of the peaceful conduct during warfare in Islam, supported by the Hadiths from Kitab-ul-Siar. The study concludes with a summary of key points, results, and references that highlight the peaceful nature of Jihad in the Islamic tradition

بیدم شاہ وارثی کے نعتیہ کلام سے مضامین سیرت کا تجزیاتی مطالعہ: An Analytical Study of the Prophetic Biography in the Na‘at Poetry of Bedam Shah Warsi

Bedam Shah Warsi. Bedam Shah Warsi, a celebrated figure of the Chishti-Warsi Sufi order, composed poetry rich in spiritual devotion and deep love for the Prophet Hazrat Muhammad ﷺ.His Na‘at poetry not only reflects his profound reverence but also serves as a source of knowledge and inspiration regarding the life and character of the Prophet. This study aims to highlight the various aspects of Seerah embedded in his poetry, including the Prophet’s moral excellence, physical beauty (Shama\u27il), compassion, miracles, and his role as a mercy to mankind. Through a literary and thematic analysis of Bedam’s verses, the research examines how the poet presents the exemplary life of the Prophet in a unique spiritual and poetic framework. The study also explores the use of Sufi symbolism and metaphors to express Seerah themes, revealing the harmonious blend of love, spirituality, and prophetic admiration. By analyzing Bedam Shah Warsi’s poetic contributions, this research adds a valuable perspective to Urdu Naat literature and the study demonstrates how Bedam Shah Warsi’s Na‘at not only serves as a vehicle of praise but also as a medium of transmitting the ethical, spiritual, and historical dimensions of the Seerah. This work aims to shed light on the enduring role of Na‘at poetry in nurturing love for the Prophet ﷺ and preserving his legacy through artistic devotion and the understanding of  the poetry of bedam shah warsi clearify that how poetic expression serves as a medium for preserving and disseminating the life and message of the Prophet ﷺ in Sufi devotional culture