Food Identity

Food identities are typically ascribed either based on medical or social definitions or chosen by individuals. But they can also be expressive dimensions of other identity traits such as race, ethnicity, religion, national origin, gender, age, body size, disability, and socio-economic status, among others. What role does the law play in supporting or undermining certain food identities? This Article makes two central contributions. First, it highlights that though U.S. law recognizes food identity as an interest to be protected in certain contexts, it does so in an unsystematized way, contributing to systemic deprivation and discrimination in relation to foodways. The current legal regime often places the needs of the agri-food industry over those of eaters, especially those who are otherwise marginalized. Second, it reflects on how this inchoate law of food identity could be evaluated and reformed. There are plausible claims that some food identities may be entitled constitutional protections under equality law, freedom of religion, and fundamental rights, but they are unlikely to succeed in the current environment. The Article concludes with a skeptical reflection on the concept o

Recent Developments

Recent Developments in Arkansas La

Morphology of Smallmouth Bass (Micropterus dolomieu) in Arkansas

The Smallmouth Bass, Micropterus dolomieu, is one of the most important game fishes in Arkansas. Three distinct lineages are recognized from different river basins: the Northern, Neosho, and Ouachita Smallmouth Bass. Understanding the biodiversity within this species complex inhabiting different water bodies in Arkansas is important for effective management of the fisheries resource and to guide conservation efforts. But current data on distribution of distinct forms are insufficient to guide management. The primary goals of the study presented here was to quantify morphological characteristics to identify distinct lineages of Smallmouth Bass, and to determine their specific locations within Arkansas streams and basins. Meristic counts of lateral line scales collected from 268 individual fish revealed significant differences among basins (Kruskal Wallace Rank Sum test H = 109.183, p \u3c 0.00001). These findings can be applied to identify and distinguish distinct lineages of Smallmouth Bass in Arkansas, and thus are important for guiding conservation strategies

Do Readers Keep Track of Protagonist Identity in Narratives?

The purpose of this research was to further investigate conflicting findings in the literature regarding the processes readers use to maintain and update their mental representation of contextual information in text. Previous research suggests that the relevance of information to a protagonist’s goals in a story influences whether that information will later be validated (Levine & Kim, 2019; Levine & Klin, 2001; Lutz & Radvansky, 1997). Studies showing that readers overlook inconsistencies in contextual information (Albrecht & Myers, 1995; Smith et al., 2020; Smith & O’Brien, 2012) often involve materials where the inconsistent details are irrelevant to the protagonist’s goals. This study focused on the protagonist\u27s identity, specifically their occupation. Passages included goal-irrelevant protagonist occupation information with manipulated consistency between two different mentions of the occupation in the story. The hypothesis was shown to be supported regarding reader’s disruptions whenever they encountered occupation information inconsistent with a previous mention. These findings indicate that readers will not notice an inconsistency when the inconsistency is small enough and similar enough to the earlier mentioned identity when it is irrelevant to the protagonist’s goal

Arkansas Corn and Grain Sorghum Performance Tests 2024

Corn and grain sorghum performance tests are conducted each year in Arkansas by the University of Arkansas System Division of Agriculture. The tests provide information to companies marketing seed within the state and aid the Arkansas Cooperative Extension Service in formulating recommendations for producers. The 2024 corn performance tests contained 44 hybrids and were conducted at the Northeast Rice Research and Extension Center (NERREC) at Harrisburg, the Lon Mann Cotton Research Station (LMCRS) near Marianna, the Rohwer Research Station (RRS) near Rohwer, and the Rice Research and Extension Center (RREC) near Stuttgart. The 2024 grain sorghum performance tests contained 16 hybrids and were conducted at the NERREC, the NEREC, the LMCRS, the RRS, and the RREC locations. The test location map for grain sorghum and corn can be found on page 42

Evaporating Natural Parent Childcare Liberties Under New Parentage Laws

This Article explores the evaporating Due Process interests of natural childcare parents who are not unfit and who do not knowingly consent to diminished childcare liberties when the state recognizes new nonadoptive and nonbiological parents. Childcare liberty losses need not involve neglect or comparable bad acts rendering a parent unfit. They need not involve consent, actual or implied, by an adversely affected parent. On the new forms of nonadoptive and nonbiological childcare parents, the most recent UPAs and their state counterparts are illustrative. They recognize parentage in an individual who resides with and holds out a child as the individual’s own “for the first two years of the life of the child.” That individual can effectively replace a fit, existing, and nonconsenting parent by judicial decree. Comparably, the 2017 UPA recognizes that a de facto parent, without adoptive or biological ties, can then replace an existing fit parent. Further, nonadoptive and nonbiological parents can also effectively displace natural parents via new forms of voluntary parentage acknowledgments. This Article also explores Due Process liberty issues arising with the new forms of parentage under the United States Supreme Court decision in Lehr v. Robertson. There, as noted, the Court recognized that a “natural father [has] an opportunity that no other male possesses to develop a relationship with his offspring.