International journal of health sciences
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The cultural awareness of the Algerian family and its educational role in rationalising the concept of social stigma among its children-AIDS modelled an analytical study by presenting some studies
AIDS patients know a kind of rejection, discrimination and avoidance by their surroundings and this in different cultures across the world, and on the first institution in society, the family, and its awareness in assuming cultural responsibility in rationalising this concept for its family members and protecting them from social stigma through this research paper. We try to answer the question. Do AIDS patients really suffer from social stigma? And this is after clarifying. Who is the Algerian family? 2- What is the concept of consciousness? 3- The beginnings of the theory of social stigmatisation. 4- Social stigmatisation patterns. 5- Social stigmatisation of AIDS patients. 6- Studies that have been subjected to social stigmatisation in AIDS patients
Outcome of early versus late CRRT in critically ill patients with acute kidney injury
AKI is a common but serious complication in acutely unwell patients and results in high morbidity and mortality. This review considers the issue of the effects of early versus late initiation of CRRT on patient outcomes. Early CRRT may be defined as inception shortly after the diagnosis of AKI has been established, especially in the case of signs related to fluid overload or severe electrolyte disturbances. Early CRRT would offer potential benefits like an improved survival rate, complications avoided as regards pulmonary edema and cardiac failure, better nutritional support, and a reduced need for more intensive renal replacement support later. On the other hand, late CRRT is performed in clinical practice when more severe AKI manifestations have occurred, which are usually associated with higher mortality and complications due to fluid overload and metabolic disturbances. Key studies referred to report worse outcomes for late initiation, considering higher multi-organ failure and prolongation of the length of stay in the ICU. Most observational studies report better outcomes with early CRRT, while randomized controlled trials exhibit variable results, with some finding no clinically significant difference in mortality between the timing of early and delayed initiation. 
Climatic shifts and vision: understanding the impact of climate change on ocular health
Climate change poses multifaceted challenges to global health. Among its lesser-known repercussions is the significant impact on ocular health. Firstly, climate change exacerbates air pollution, leading to an increase in airborne particulate matter and pollutants. These pollutants, including ozone, nitrogen dioxide, and fine particulate matter, can exacerbate ocular surface diseases such as dry eye syndrome, conjunctivitis, and allergic eye diseases. Moreover, prolonged exposure to air pollution has been linked to the progression of age-related macular degeneration and cataracts. Secondly, alterations in climate patterns contribute to the spread of infectious diseases, including vector-borne illnesses. Mosquito-borne diseases like dengue fever and Zika virus, whose prevalence is escalating due to changing climatic conditions, can cause ocular complications such as uveitis and retinitis. Thirdly, extreme weather events associated with climate change, such as hurricanes, floods, and wildfires, pose direct threats to ocular health. Traumatic injuries to the eyes, corneal abrasions, and chemical burns from debris and contaminated water are common ocular emergencies following such disasters. Furthermore, climate change-induced shifts in environmental allergens and pollen seasons heighten the incidence and severity of allergic conjunctivitis and other allergic eye diseases. Addressing these challenges requires interdisciplinary collaboration among public health experts, policymakers, ophthalmologists, and environmental scientists
Dynamics of the experience of sexual violence and its impact on girls in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency
The aim of this research is to obtain an overview of the dynamics of the experience of sexual violence and its impact on children in Ogan Komering Ulu Regency. This research method uses qualitative research with a descriptive phenomenological approach. The number of informants was five main informants and six supporting informants. The main informants are children who have experienced sexual violence and supporting informants, parents or guardians, people closest to them who are trusted by the informants and officers from the Women's Empowerment and Child Protection Service. The results of research on the dynamics of the experience of sexual violence in children show that all perpetrators come from familial abuse which is accompanied by physical and psychological pressure. Factors that influence the occurrence of sexual violence in children are family factors, environmental factors, cultural factors and individual factors. The impact of sexual violence that arises is pain in the body, fear of seeing items related to the perpetrator, despair and shame about the environment. Health workers can disseminate reproductive health education on how to prevent sexual violence to parents to reduce the rate of sexual violence against children so that a child-friendly city program can be realized
The metaphysics of physics: When the boundaries of science and metaphysics intertwine
The evolution of contemporary physics proved that science cannot abandon metaphysics, there is evidence that there are theories that engage in metaphysical topics or offer metaphysical solutions to scientific problems, there were many concepts and theories that were not based on experience because of the difficulty of testing them. This is the result of the great theoretical progress achieved in physical research, The evolution of contemporary physics has shown that the Positivism call for excluding metaphysics from science cannot be achieved, Metaphysics is found in the principles of science as we rely on postulates that cannot be demonstrated, such as the stability of the laws of nature, The necessity of metaphysics arises from the fact that the development of physics has proven the limitations of scientific experience, The theoretical aspect must advance because cognitive curiosity will not stop the human from asking questions, Metaphysical ideas can play a guiding role in theoretical research in physics, 
Impact of a health education session on the knowledge of Human Papillomavirus Vaccination (HPV) among the school teachers
Introduction: Cervical cancer is the second most common cancer in women worldwide and the most common cancer cause of death in developing countries. Human Papilloma Virus (HPV) vaccine is crucial in reducing its incidence. Unfortunately, there is limited awareness about the availability of the HPV vaccine in India. Method: Knowledge about HPV was assessed among the school teachers by using a questionnaire about HPV and HPV vaccine. Following a health education session on HPV and its vaccination using a PowerPoint presentation, their knowledge was reassessed. Results: A total of 155 teachers participated in the research (152 female, 3 male) from 5 schools. A significant negative association (r = -0.186) (p<0.05) between the age and pre-test score of the participants was noted. The mean of pre intervention score (7.03 ± 3.35) was less than the mean of post intervention score (12.64 ± 2.41). Paired t-Test was performed and the difference was found to be statistically highly significant (p<0.01). Conclusion: The pre-test results revealed a clear gap in knowledge about the HPV vaccine among school teachers. However, the substantial increase in understanding following the session highlighted the effectiveness of basic educational interventions in closing their knowledge gap regarding vaccination.
Urinary Tract Infections (UTIs): Laboratory diagnosis - The role of artificial intelligence and smart diagnosis
Background: Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are prevalent outpatient conditions affecting up to 50% of individuals, with diagnostic errors common in clinical settings. The traditional reliance on clinical criteria alone yields a diagnostic error rate of about 33%, necessitating improved diagnostic methods. Aim: This mini-review evaluates the role of artificial intelligence (AI) and smart diagnostic tools in enhancing UTI diagnosis, particularly within vulnerable populations. Methods: A comprehensive literature review was conducted, assessing 782 articles, of which 14 met the inclusion criteria for AI applications in UTI diagnosis. These studies were categorized based on their focus: uncomplicated UTIs, complicated UTIs, and specific demographic groups. Results: The review revealed that 12 studies employed machine learning techniques while 2 utilized deep learning. The most frequently used models included artificial neural networks (ANNs) and extreme gradient boosting (XGBoost). Key variables influencing predictive models encompassed demographic data, anamnesis, and comorbidities. Notably, models for diagnosing uncomplicated UTIs achieved accuracy rates of up to 98.3%, while approaches for complicated UTIs demonstrated area under the curve (AUC) values ranging from 0.71 to 0.904. AI models were particularly effective in stratifying high-risk subgroups, including pregnant women and children, with models achieving AUCs of 0.82 and 0.83 for specific populations
Sexually transmitted infections: An updated review article for healthcare professionals
Background: Sexually transmitted infections (STIs) represent a significant public health concern worldwide, frequently going untreated and leading to severe health complications. The prevalence of STIs, particularly in underserved populations, necessitates a comprehensive understanding of their epidemiology, transmission, and management. Aim: This review aims to provide healthcare professionals with an updated overview of the most prevalent STIs, their epidemiology, clinical manifestations, and effective prevention and treatment strategies. Methods: The review synthesizes current data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and the World Health Organization (WHO), alongside relevant literature on STI pathogenesis, symptomatology, and management protocols. It also highlights the need for improved data collection systems to track and manage STI incidence effectively. Results: The review identifies the seven most prevalent STIs, including chlamydia, gonorrhea, syphilis, herpes, HIV, HPV, and trichomoniasis, detailing their transmission routes, risk factors, and treatment options. Epidemiological data indicate a rising trend in STI cases, particularly in populations aged 15 to 50, with significant co-infection rates observed among those with HIV. Conclusion: There is an urgent need for healthcare providers to enhance their knowledge of STIs to implement effective prevention, diagnosis, and treatment measures. 
The place of uterine artery and umbilical artery doppler in prediction of hypertensive disorders (pre-eclampsia) among pregnant women at a resource poor setting: A comparative study
Background: Uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry have shown promise but the results of previous studies have not been conclusive/poor methodologies. Aim: To determine the predictive value of uterine and umbilical artery Doppler velocimetry for pre-eclampsia and pregnancy outcomes. Methods: A comparative study among 100 women who attended ante natal clinic in the hospital within the study period who has high risk for development of pre-eclampsia. The peak systolic velocity, end-diastolic velocity, Resistivity index, Pulsatility index and S/D ratio of the uterine and umbilical arteries were studied at 18-20 weeks and 36-37 weeks. sociodemographic data were recorded. Data were analysed using SPSS (version 26, Chicago11, USA). P value of ≤ 0.05 was significant. Results: Resistivity/Pulsatility indices at 18-20 weeks are better predictors of preeclampsia as against EDV at 36-37 weeks. Pregnant women at 18-20 weeks gestational showed that only mean RI (≈ 0.53 0.02) of the umbilical artery was associated with adverse outcome (p = 0.009). However, at 36-37 weeks, the mean uterine artery EDV of 14.69 2.04 was associated with adverse outcome (p = 0.001). Conclusion Adverse pregnancy outcome at n18-20 weeks was associated with resistivity index while EDV is more associated with adverse outcomes at 36-37 weeks.
Advanced nano-drug delivery systems utilizing natural product-based innovations
Background: Natural products have historically played a crucial role in human health, spanning from early uses to modern medicine. Despite their extensive pharmacological potential, clinical applications are often limited by issues such as poor solubility and rapid metabolism. Aim: To explore the use of advanced nano-drug delivery systems to enhance the efficacy of natural products by overcoming their limitations and improving therapeutic outcomes. Methods: This review examines various nano-drug delivery systems that integrate natural products. It discusses advancements in nano-carriers, including liposomes, micelles, and self-assembled structures, focusing on their ability to improve drug solubility, stability, and targeted delivery. Results: Significant progress has been made in developing nano-carriers for natural products, including terpenoids, flavonoids, polyphenols, and alkaloids. Innovations such as targeting warheads and self-assembled systems have shown improved drug delivery and therapeutic efficacy in preclinical studies. Conclusion: Nano-drug delivery systems utilizing natural products offer promising solutions to overcome traditional limitations, enhancing drug bioavailability and targeted delivery. This advancement holds potential for revolutionizing the treatment of complex diseases and improving clinical outcomes