Imaginarios del bosque y genios acuáticos: lecturas duales y eco-góticas

El articulo aborda el estudio de los numen aquae  (en sus diversos aspectos, genio, animal, monstruo, serpiente, ninfa…)  desde la perspectiva de la hermenéutica y la prosopografía con el fin de establecer patrones recurrentes en textos de distintos folclores, mitología o literaturas. En particular, se aplican aproximaciones de la ecocrítica y con especial atención a los ecosimbolismos y a la dualidad o bidireccionalidad de los espíritus de la naturaleza. También se analiza la proyección de estos repertorios sobre la narrativa ecogótica de filiación literaria y la que se ha trasladado a través del cine y otros canales mediáticos. La figura de la ninfa es abordada como estudio de casos. Se subraya el papel fundamental de conceptos como ecofobia y topofobia /topofilia, como sesgos del paisajes, y la consiguiente impronta en la actuación y prosopografía de los seres de agua, espíritus guardianes y representados de forma monstruosaL'articolo affronta lo studio del numen aquae (nei suoi vari aspetti, genio, animale, mostro, serpente, ninfa...) dal punto di vista dell'ermeneutica e della prosopografia al fine di stabilire modelli ricorrenti in testi di diversi folklore, mitologia o letterature. In particolare, gli approcci di ecocriticismo vengono applicati con particolare attenzione agli ecosimbolismi e alla dualità o bidirezionalità degli spiriti della natura. Viene inoltre analizzata la proiezione di questi repertori sulla narrativa eco-gotica di appartenenza letteraria e quella trasferita attraverso il cinema e altri canali mediatici. La figura della ninfa, in tutta la sua molteplicità e i suoi avatar, viene affrontata come caso di studio. Viene evidenziato il ruolo fondamentale di concetti come ecofobia e topofobia/topofilia, come pregiudizi del paesaggio, e la conseguente impronta sulla performance e sulla prosopografia degli esseri acquatici, spesso concepiti come spiriti guardiani e rappresentati in modo mostruoso.L'article aborde l'étude du numen aquae (sous ses différents aspects, génie, animal, monstre, serpent, nymphe...) du point de vue de l'herméneutique et de la prosopographie afin d'établir des schémas récurrents dans des textes de différents folklores, mythologies ou littératures. En particulier, les approches écocritiques sont appliquées avec une attention particulière aux écosymbolismes et à la dualité ou bidirectionnalité des esprits de la nature. La projection de ces répertoires sur le récit éco-gothique de l'affiliation littéraire et celui qui a été transféré à travers le cinéma et d'autres canaux médiatiques est également analysée. La figure de la nymphe, dans toute sa multiplicité et ses avatars, est abordée comme un cas d'étude. Le rôle fondamental de concepts tels que l'écophobie et la topophobie/topophilie, en tant que biais du paysage, et l'empreinte qui en résulte sur la performance et la prosopographie des êtres aquatiques, sont mis en évidence.O artigo aborda o estudo dos numen aquae (em seus diversos aspectos, gênio, animal, monstro, cobra, ninfa...) sob a perspectiva da hermenêutica e da prosopografia, a fim de estabelecer padrões recorrentes em textos de diferentes folclores, mitologias ou literaturas. Em particular, as abordagens da ecocrítica são aplicadas com especial atenção aos ecossimbolismos e à dualidade ou bidirecionalidade dos espíritos da natureza. Também é analisada a projeção desses repertórios na narrativa ecogótica de filiação literária e aquela que foi transferida através do cinema e de outros canais de mídia. A figura da ninfa, em toda a sua multiplicidade e avatares, é abordada como estudo de caso. Destaca-se o papel fundamental de conceitos como ecofobia e topofobia/topofilia, como preconceitos da paisagem, e a consequente marca na performance e na prosopografia dos seres aquáticos, muitas vezes concebidos como espíritos guardiões e representados de forma monstruosa.This article deals with the study of numen aquae (in its various aspects, genius, animal, monster, snake, nymph...) from the perspective of hermeneutics and prosopography in order to establish recurring patterns in texts of different folklores, mythology or literatures. In particular, ecocriticism approaches are applied with special attention to ecosymbolisms and the duality or bidirectionality of nature spirits. The projection of these repertoires on the eco-gothic narrative of literary affiliation and that which has been transferred through cinema and other media channels is also analyzed. The figure of the nymph, in all its multiplicity and avatars, is approached as a case study. The fundamental role of concepts such as ecophobia and topophobia/topophilia, as biases of the landscape, and the consequent imprint on the performance and prosopography of water beings, often conceived as guardian spirits and represented in a monstrous way, are highlighted

The role of metrics to assess the quality of British teenage language translation into Spanish and Italian using machine translation tools

The rapid evolution of adolescence language, characterized by slang and idiomatic expressions, presents a significant challenge for machine translation systems. Existing research has extensively covered the translation of languages in general; however, there remains a gap in understanding these systems’ ability when faced with adolescent language. This study aims at (i) the evaluation and the comparison of the accuracy of the translations of colloquial language by Bing Translator, DeepL and HelsinkiNLP from English into Spanish and Italian, (ii) the validity and reliability of two different metrics (i.e., BLEU, METEOR) to assess the accuracy and quality of MT tools with informal language, and (iii) the analysis of how specific features of teenage slang influence the ability of online tools to generate precise and comprehensible translations 1000-character excerpts from the Linguistic Innovators Corpus were translated in Spanish and Italian using DeepL, Bing Translator, and HelsinkiNLP and assessed using BLEU and METEOR metrics to verify their quality and reliability. Our findings show that teenage slang poses challenges for all tools, particularly with phrasal verbs and idioms. Our results also reveal that METEOR seems to be more reliable to assess British teenage language into Spanish and Italian

Novela juvenil de ficción prospectiva española en el siglo XXI: entre el miedo y la esperanza

En los últimos años hemos asistido al surgimiento de un fenómeno distópico y apocalíptico que ha alcanzado la narrativa juvenil. Esta tesis se propone trazar las conexiones entre la novela prospectiva juvenil española y las crisis del siglo XXI. A partir de una selección de novelas distópicas y apocalípticas juveniles españolas, analizaremos el vínculo que se establece entre literatura y sociedad, partiendo de un proceso que se inicia en la génesis o producción de las novelas de este género, en la que los escritores eligen entre los espacios de posibles temas, motivos, estilo, narrador..., influidos por los actores sociales involucrados en el proceso (editores, mediadores, lectores y sociedad en general); a continuación examinaremos la distribución, cómo la obra es elegida por editores y mediadores, para finalizar con el estudio del consumo de este género en España, tratando de trazar el lector modelo y la repercusión que ha tenido como herramienta de crítica social y educación literaria. Los medios de comunicación, las reflexiones de sociólogos y filósofos actuales y la crítica literaria que analiza los vínculos entre literatura y sociedad nos permitirán establecer las conexiones del fenómeno literario con el momento social en el que vivimos, sin perder de vista su dimensión global. En el tiempo que abarca el estudio de las obras analizadas en esta tesis se han sucedido acontecimientos como el 11-S, la crisis bursátil de 2008, el movimiento 15-M en España, la pandemia de Covid-19, guerras como la de Ucrania y Palestina o la amenaza del calentamiento climático global que han marcado y siguen determinando la forma de relacionarnos y nuestra percepción social. Trataremos de hallar las huellas de estos hitos históricos en el fenómeno literario que nos ocupa para terminar tratando de vislumbrar el futuro del género prospectivo en el ámbito de la literatura juvenil española, cuya reflexión oscila entre el miedo paralizador y la esperanza que, más allá del optimismo, es capaz de generar un mundo nuevo (Han, 2024).In recent years we have witnessed the emergence of a dystopian and apocalyptic phenomenon which significantly has impacted young readers. The aim of this dissertation is to trace the connections between the Spanish prospective young adult novels and the crises of the 21st century. From a selection of Spanish dystopian and apocalyptic young adult novels, I will analyze the close relationship between literature and society, starting from a process that begins in the genesis or production of these novels, in which writers choose between the spaces of possible themes, motifs, style, narrator, etc., influenced by the social actors involved in the process (editors, literary reading mediators, readers and society). Then, I will analyze the distribution, how the work is chosen by editors and literary reading mediators to culminate in the analysis of the consumption of this genre in Spain, trying to discern the model reader and its impact as a tool of criticism and literary education. Mass media, the reflections of contemporary sociologists and philosophers, and literary criticism that analyses the links between literature and society will allow us to establish connections between the literary phenomenon and the social scenery we are living, keeping its global dimension in view. Throughout the period of this research work, events such as 9/11, the 2008 financial crisis, the 15-M protest movement in Spain, the Covid-19 pandemic, wars such as those in Ukraine and Palestine, or the threat of global warming have occurred, which have marked and continue to mark our relationships and social perceptions. I will be examining these historical milestones in the literary phenomenon at hand, in order to gain an ample view of the future of the prospective genre in the field of Spanish young adult literature, whose reflection oscillates between paralysing fear and hope, which, besides optimism, is capable of generating a new world (Han, 2024)

A Survey of Contemporary Applications of Quantum Chemical Topology

This chapter explores contemporary applications of quantum chemical topology, a theoretical framework that enables the real-space analysis of electronic structures from a chemically meaningful perspective. Among the partitioning methods discussed, the quantum theory of atoms in molecules (QTAIM) defines atomic basins based on electron density gradients, while the electron localization function (ELF) identifies Lewis entities such as atomic cores, bonds, and lone pairs. In addition, the QTAIM-ELF intersection (QEI) is introduced, which further refines these partitions by attributing Lewis entities to atomic contributions, providing a highly detailed view of molecular systems. These partitions are integrated with two key interpretative frameworks: electron distribution functions (EDFs) and the interacting quantum atoms (IQA) energy decomposition scheme. EDFs offer a statistical perspective on chemical bonding by quantifying the probability of electron distributions within predefined real-space regions (derived from QTAIM, ELF, or QEI). Meanwhile, IQA decomposes molecular energy into contributions from individual atomic regions and their interactions, though in this chapter, it is applied exclusively with QTAIM. Finally, we demonstrate the utility of these tools through applications to chemically relevant systems, including pyramidanes, halogen bonds, and the analysis of bond polarity and electron distribution in various molecules

Non-invasive grapevine inflorescence detection using YOLOv11 under field conditions

Accurate and early yield estimation in vineyards is essential for the effective management of resources and informed decision-making in viticulture. Winemakers and vineyard managers rely on these predictions to optimize agricultural practices and efficiently manage winemaking processes (Laurent et al., 2021). Furthermore, more efficient management based on precise predictions contributes to the sustainability of the sector, helping to mitigate the effects of climate change and promoting a more responsible use of natural resources.Traditionally, estimation techniques such as manual bunch counting or destructive sampling have been the primary tools. However, these practices, aside from being costly and labour-intensive, fail to capture the inherent spatial and temporal variability of vineyards (Martin et al., 2003).In recent years, the development of emerging technologies has transformed precision viticulture, offering new opportunities for yield estimation. Computer vision (Nuske et al., 2014) and deep learning (Iñiguez et al., 2024) have proven to be effective tools for non-invasive crop monitoring, enabling the automated detection and counting of grape bunches.The use of object detection algorithms has become increasingly prominent in grape bunch estimation, particularly at stages closer to harvest when bunches are fully developed (Iñiguez et al., 2024). For instance, Sozzi et al. (2022) showcased the effectiveness of various YOLO versions in detecting white grape bunches during these late phenological stages, achieving notable accuracy under controlled conditions.However, as vines approach harvest, challenges such as leaf occlusion and overlapping bunches significantly complicate estimations, limiting the reliability of these methods in less ideal scenarios (Iñiguez et al., 2021). Many studies addressing these difficulties have relied on images captured under optimal conditions, where minimal foliage or occlusion ensures better bunch visibility, simplifying detection tasks (Santos et al., 2020). The phenology of grapevines plays a pivotal role in yield estimation, as conducting earlier sampling during stages with reduced foliage can mitigate occlusion and provide more timely and actionable predictions. These advancements highlight the potential to optimize vineyard management and decision-making throughout the growing season