Ensuring academic integrity in the age of ChatGPT: Rethinking exam design, assessment strategies, and ethical AI policies in higher education

The rapid advancement of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, particularly OpenAI’s ChatGPT, has significantly impacted higher education institutions (HEIs), offering opportunities and challenges. While these tools enhance personalized learning and content generation, they threaten academic integrity, especially in assessment environments. This study systematically examines the impact of ChatGPT on academic integrity in HEIs, focusing on exam design, assessment strategies, AI detection tools, and policy frameworks. This research draws from current literature and expert recommendations to identify practical approaches for developing assessments that foster critical thinking and deep cognitive engagement, making them less susceptible to AI-generated content. Key areas explored include the creation of complex, analytical exam formats, deploying advanced AI detection software to counter AI-assisted cheating, and formulating institutional policies that promote the ethical use of AI. This comprehensive framework aims to equip educators and administrators with practical strategies to preserve academic standards while harnessing the potential benefits of AI, ensuring the continued validity of assessments in the AI-driven educational landscape

Dysphagia in Rare Diseases and Syndromes: Current Approaches to Management and Therapeutic Innovations—A Systematic Review

Background: This study presents a comprehensive investigation into the correlation between Rare Diseases and Syndromes (RDS) and the dysphagic disorders manifested during childhood and adulthood in affected patients. Dysphagia is characterized by difficulty or an inability to swallow food of any consistency, as well as saliva or medications, from the oral cavity to the stomach. RDS often present with complex and heterogeneous clinical manifestations, making it challenging to develop standardized diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Dysphagia can arise from various etiologies, including those related to the central nervous system, inflammatory and neoplastic processes, anatomical or structural disorders, and neuromuscular conditions. These diverse etiologies can result in both structural and functional deficits or neurological impairments that compromise swallowing function. While RDS frequently leads to uncommon conditions, dysphagia remains an underrecognized complication. Objectives: The primary objective of this review is to illuminate the latest knowledge concerning the management of dysphagia in both pediatric and adult populations within the context of RDS, with a particular focus on current therapeutic approaches. To achieve this, the study provides a comprehensive analysis of existing strategies for managing dysphagia in RDS, highlighting recent advancements in therapy while identifying critical gaps in clinical knowledge and practice. By synthesizing available evidence, the review aims to deepen understanding of the unique challenges associated with dysphagia in these conditions and explore innovative interventions to enhance patient care and outcomes. Results: The integration of innovative therapeutic techniques into the speech-language pathology treatment of dysphagia augments traditional strategies, offering updated knowledge that can be applied to prognosis and therapeutic interventions across various ages and racial groups. This review also provides an overview of symptomatology, assessment techniques, and the specific characteristics of dysphagia associated with various genetic and acquired RDS

Synergistic effects of copper oxide-stigmasterol nanoparticles: a novel therapeutic strategy for oral pathogen biofilms and oral cancer

Oral pathogen biofilms contribute to chronic infections, while oral cancer remains a significant health threat, emphasizing the need for effective therapeutic strategies. This study investigates the fabrication, characterization, and therapeutic potential of copper oxide-stigmasterol nanoparticles (CuO-SS NPs) for oral pathogen biofilm disruption and oral cancer treatment. The antimicrobial activity of CuO-SS NPs was evaluated against oral pathogens, including S. aureus, S. mutans, E. faecalis, and C. albicans. In cancer cell studies, CuO-SS NPs exhibited a concentration-dependent cytotoxicity, reducing cell viability from 88% at 15 µg/mL to 29.33% at 120 µg/mL, comparable to doxorubicin (24.3%). The CuO-SS NPs significantly upregulated the apoptosis markers (Caspase-3, Caspase-8, and FasL) by 4.05, 1.4, and 3.1 fold, respectively. These results highlight the potential of CuO-SS NPs as a dual-purpose therapeutic for oral infections and cancer

Enhancing data classification using locally informed weighted k-nearest neighbor algorithm

In this work, a novel locally informed weighted kNN algorithm (LIWkNN) is presented to reduce the detrimental impact of outliers and an imbalanced class. The LIWkNN considers the labels of both the query and its neighboring data points, emphasizing its focus on the vicinity of the query point, enabling it to capture local patterns and variations. The algorithm updates the weights assigned to the neighbors by comparing their labels, which are subsequently utilized in the next step to predict the label for the query. Initially, all training point weights are set to 1. Secondly, predictions are made using the conventional KNN classifier, and then it is verified that the prediction matches the query label in the test data. These weights will be updated if the predicted label differs from the actual query\u27s label, which otherwise will not be changed. According to the weight update process, an outlier\u27s influence on the classification in the weighted KNN is kept to the minimum extent during the classification process, specifically if it is frequently selected as a neighbor for various queries. Thirdly, to address class imbalance, this method adjusts the weighting based on class density, ensuring that minority class points predominantly receive neighbors from their own class. Finally, once this weight update process is complete, the proposed KNN will be working with the final weights to classify the test points. The LIWkNN\u27s competitive performance and straightforward architecture demonstrate the model\u27s novelty, setting it apart from its cutting-edge competitors. To validate the LIWkNN\u27s generalizability on a broader range of datasets, a comprehensive assessment using five evaluation measures (accuracy, F1-measure, ROC, mean absolute error—MAE, and geometric mean—GM) across sixty (balanced, imbalanced, noisy, time-series, and images) datasets is carried out in six experimental phases. According to the results supported with a multi-criteria analysis, LIWkNN is significantly more promising over the vast majority of all datasets taken into consideration, both generally and for specific k values

Digital echoes: Investigating the impact of online time on happiness and well-being in abu dhabi

This study examines the impact of online time on well-being among Abu Dhabi residents using data from the fourth Quality-of-Life Survey. Unlike prior studies, this research explores multiple determinants: online time, happiness, subjective health, mental health, self-perceived obesity, exercise, satisfaction with family life, and social relationships. A significant path model reveals that online time adversely affects mental health, self-perceived obesity, sleep quality, and exercise, but positively correlates with happiness and subjective health. The negative effects on mental health notably influence happiness, family life satisfaction, social relationships, subjective health, and exercise. Mental health also mediates these relationships, underscoring its importance in overall well-being. Differences in online hours and well-being determinants are found across gender, age, education, nationality, and marital status. The study underscores the need for interventions to mitigate the adverse effects of excessive online time and improve well-being across demographic groups

Digital Leadership in Organizations for Digital Transformation

This chapter explores digital leadership in the context of organizational digital transformation. It examines the evolving role of leaders in the digital age, highlighting core competencies such as visionary thinking, data-driven decision-making, and fostering innovation. The chapter discusses strategies for developing digital leadership capabilities, theoretical implications of digital leadership, and ethical considerations in the digital realm. It also addresses practical implications, including improved innovation, employee engagement, and organizational agility. The chapter concludes by identifying future research avenues, emphasizing the need for longitudinal studies, industry-specific research, and exploration of ethical dimensions in digital leadership. Throughout, it underscores the critical role of digital leadership in navigating technological change and driving organizational success

English‐Language Advertising in Europe

Research on advertising in Europe referring to the world Englishes framework has focused on the characteristics of English as it is used in different advertising genres in Europe, as well as on the attitudes that are held towards it, and the impact that its inclusion may have. It has included corpus studies that look at the incorporation of English into specific genres in different national or regional contexts, as well as experimental studies that have asked respondents to self‐report on their response to that English. Scholars have investigated television and radio commercials, print advertising and job advertisements, and studies have been carried out across the continent, from the Republic of Ireland in the West, to Russia in the East. This research identifies a number of shifts in the sociolinguistic landscape that are reflected in the ways in which English has been included in European advertising over the past two decades

Chapter 4 Strategies for driving IoT data to the cloud in digital transformation initiatives

Organizations must realize that digital transformation goes beyond adopting new technologies. It represents a change in how businesses function and create value. The combination of data and cloud computing plays a crucial role in this transformation, requiring a comprehensive strategy that encompasses technology, processes, and people. With the evolving digital landscape, those who effectively leverage the potential of IoT data supported by the strong capabilities of cloud computing will be well positioned to lead, drive innovation, and succeed. Beginning with an overview of the diverse types and significance of IoT data, this chapter explains the transformative capabilities of cloud computing in managing, analyzing, and deriving value from this data. While highlighting the essential role of edge computing, the chapter further underscores the synergistic relationship between decentralized edge systems and centralized cloud architectures, emphasizing data collection distinctions, and data processing orchestration throughout the cloud-to-things continuum. Furthermore, through an exploration of real-world use cases, readers gain insights into the tangible benefits and challenges faced by enterprises pioneering IoT data integration in actual digital transformation scenarios. The chapter provides guidance for organizations seeking to harness the potential of IoT data in their cloud-centric digital transformation endeavors, with a comprehensive review of related background and strategies

Policies of Civil Service Leadership Reform in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates in Light of the United Kingdom\u27s Experience

Objective: This paper presented the developments in civil service in the United Kingdom from 1997 until now, beginning with Margaret Thatcher\u27s period and her prominent role in reforming civil service in the United Kingdom. Theoretical Framework: This is based on the committees formed and the shift from non-competitive appointment to reliance on open competition to raise public service efficiency and effectiveness in the United Kingdom. Method: This paper relied mainly on a descriptive approach to examine the state of the civil service in the United Kingdom and the challenges it faces towards reform. This study also relied on the analytical approach to analyze the reports of the committees formed in the United Kingdom to carry out reform tasks in the British civil service. Results and Discussion: Artificial intelligence plays a significant role in all fields, including legal and judicial. However, we cannot rely on the AI systems 100% and replace human judges. Research Implications: This paper examines the reformo f human resources system in UK and how to use this experience in Egypt and the United Arab Emirates. Originality/Value: This study contributes to the literature by presenting the civile servant reform in UK

Design and Fabrication of Compact MIMO Array Antenna with Tapered Feed Line for 5G Applications

This paper presents the design, fabrication, measurement, and evaluation of two multiple input multiple output antenna elements (MIMOs) optimized for performance in the 5G frequency band. The MIMO antennas are integrated onto Roger/Druoid 5880 substrates with a dielectric constant of 2.2, housed within a compact volume measuring 20×24.14×0.79mm3. Initially, a thorough parametric study is conducted using the CST Electromagnetic (EM) Simulator to analyze and optimize the antenna\u27s performance according to 5G application requirements. Subsequently, in the antenna design phase, calculations are made for the envelope correlation coefficient (ECC \u3e 0.01dB) and diversity gain (DG \u3e 9.9dB), yielding favorable outcomes. Fabrication and measurement procedures are carried out to verify the antenna\u27s performance, demonstrating good agreement between simulation and experimental results. Additionally, a tapered feed structure with inset feed is employed to minimize mutual coupling and ensure matching along two transmission lines with various impedances, achieving high compactness within the antenna structure. Furthermore, the paper reports that the proposed antenna structure attains a gain of 8 dBi (dB) within the relevant operating frequency band (24.25 GHz)