Rodoljublje Nikole Tesle

In this paper it is shown that Nikola Tesla fostered unconflictual views of both patriotism and all humanity-related universalism, dispr­oving one-sided interpretations that had emphasized only one aspect of his views.Rad pokazuje da je Nikola Tesla nekonfliktno negovao i patriotizam i opštečovečanski univerzalizam, što opovrgava jednostrane interpretacije koje su naglašavale samo jedan aspekt

Serbo-Albanian bank in Albania 1925-1927

The Serbo-Albanian Bank was founded at Cetinje in 1922, at the time Yugoslav-Albanian diplomatic relations were established, with the purpose of opening its branch offices in Albania in order to contribute to closer economic relations between the two neighboring countries. The Bank was unable to achieve its goal in the first two years of operation, as it had not obtained the necessary licenses from the Albanian authorities. The branch office in Scutari was opened only in early 1925. Another topical issue at the time was the creation of the Albanian National Bank as the central monetary institution that would function as a regulator of the entire economic life of Albania. Supported by the Yugoslav state, the Serbo-Albanian Bank planned its transformation into an Albanian central bank, but without success. Namely, it was Italian capital that assumed a leading role in the Albanian National Bank founded in September 1925. In spite of this failure, the branch office of the Serbo-Albanian Bank commenced its operations in Albania. Under its roof, it set up the Privileged Trading Agency, and expressed interest in obtaining exploration and excavation concessions for the copper mine in the region of Puka in northern Albania. It was granted the concession by the Albanian government, but failed to set up a copper exploitation company. Facing numerous difficulties, the major of which was lack of the necessary cash for operation and significant business losses in Albania, the branch office was closed in 1927, pursuant to the decision of the Cetinje headquarters

Ideologija partija Zelenih

In this work the author analyses ideological fundamentals European Green parties originated from, as well as the principles upon they based their political ideology. Specially stressed are the post materialistic values as an important cause of the Green parties development from environmental movements. In the same context, the following political principles of these parties are considered: ecology, peace, nonviolence, grassroots democracy justice, multicultural democracy, sustainable development, etc. The author defines the Green parties ideology as a group of values and practice, that is, as a homogeneous, consistent, holistic and hegemonistis ideology which includes all significant social problems of the contemporary industrial civilization.Autor u radu analizira ideološke korene nastanka partija Zelenih u Evropi kao i principe na kojima se zasniva njihova politička ideologija. Poseban naglasak je dat na postmaterijalističkim vrednostima kao važnom uzroku nastanka partija Zelenih iz ekoloških pokreta. U tom kontekstu razmatraju se i politički principi ovih partija kao što su: ekologija, mir, nenasilje neposredna demokratija, pravda, multikulturna demokratija, održivi razvoj itd. Autor ideologiju partija Zelenih definiše kao skup vrednosti i prakse odnosno kao homogenu, konzistentnu, holističku i hegemonističku ideologiju kojom su obuhvaćeni svi važni društveni problemi savremene industrijske civilizacije

Funkcija predsednika i uloga religije u političkom sistemu SAD

In the history of USA there have been 43 presidents including today's George Bush Jr. Of all these presidents, more then half came from three small protestant denominations Episcopalians, Presbyterians and Unitarians. If we point that these three religious denominations comprise less then 5% of the entire population, it becomes clear how much religion influences political life of this world superpower. If we are to add that Roman Catholics are the most numerous religious denomination in America and yet it had only one president. John Kennedy, then the conclusions of religion's impact on politics in America become even more significant.U radu ce razmatra uticaj religije na izbor predsednika SAD, kao i uticaj religije na unutarpolitičke odnose i spoljnu politiku SAD. Autor ističe ga i pored ustavnog određenja SAD kao sekularne države, religija igra važnu ulogu što potvrđuje i činjenica da su svi američki predsednici (43) isticali da pripadaju nekom religijskom učenju u nastanku hrišćanstvu

Um i zajednica

Namjera ovog teksta nije izlaganje i tumačenje prepoznatljivih političkofilosofskih ili ideoloških stavova iz jednoga prepoznatljivog spektra učenja o društvu i državi. Mi ćemo ovdje pokušati da damo samostalno filosofsko utemeljenje jedne, uopšteno posmatrano, obavezujuće političke paradigme, i to bez zalaženja u određene političko-programske pojedinosti. Iz tog razloga nastojaćemo da kretanje argumentacije i izlaganja izvučemo iz ravni ideološkog diskursa – jer ovim upravo treba dati prilog oblikovanju valjanog političkog govora, koji bi, opet, u što manjoj mjeri trebalo da bude "ideološki" – ne tek u smislu nadilaženja tradicionalnih ideoloških usmjerenja i alternativa (što je vidljivo već i po naslovu ovoga priloga) već još više u smislu izbjegavanja ozbiljnih epistemoloških nedostataka takve vrste govora uopšte. Dakle, ovaj nacrt treba da bude i ideološkopolitički relevantan, ali tako što ne bi pripadao ideološkom tipu govora. Otuda će se, u jednom smislu, u ovom nacrtu moći prepoznati i "lijevi", i "desni", i "radikalni", i "konzervativni", i "komunitaristički", pa i "liberalistički" tonovi, dok u drugom smislu govor koji slijedi treba ili potpuno transcendovati, ili on jednim dijelom treba čak i načelno da prethodi svakoj od ovih vrsta ideološkog diskursa – na način njihovog blagotvornog umjeravanja i usmjeravanja. Iako je ovdje riječ o praktičkofilosofskoj tematici, čini se da jedan ovakav nacrt može dobiti na opštosti i utemeljenosti ukoliko se stvari posmatraju sa najuopštenijeg načelno-teorijskog stajališta, da bi se zatim njihovom "primjenom", to jest "prevođenjem" na područje praktičke filosofije, stiglo do sadržinski preciznijih i za taj domen neposrednije relevantnih stavova. Ukoliko se pretpostavlja primjenljivost najuopštenijih načelnih uvida na područje praktičnoga, ovaj nacrt bi mogao da se smatra platonovskim (za razliku od, donekle i uslovno rečeno, aristotelovskog razdvajanja načelnoontološke i praktičko-etičke problematike, odnosno dovođenja u pitanje teorijske norme o skladu pojedinca i zajednice). Platonovsko će takođe biti i zastupano shvatanje o zajednici kao organskom skladu dijelova i cjeline. Ipak mi nećemo ići tako daleko i pretpostavljati da između relacija "stvar?" teorijske i praktičke filosofije postoje i dalekosežne strukturno-suštinske analogije. Umjesto izjašnjavanja o ovakvom, veoma obavezujućem razumijevanju struktura teorije i stvarnosti, mi, sa svoje strane, možemo reći da nam ovako "jaka" pretpostavka neće ni biti potrebna. Sam nacrt će biti izlagan navođenjem niza osnovnih stavova kojima će se pripisati kvaziaksiomatsko važenje. No, za razliku od geometrijskih aksiomatskih sistema, ovaj skup stavova ne bi ni izdaleka morao biti formalno-metodološki besprekoran. Prije svega, skup ovih osnovnih stavova, ukoliko se posmatraju kao aksiomi vjerovatno nije ni minimalan, niti su svi oni međusobno posve nezavisni. Oni nijesu ni jednakog stepena opštosti, već se neki od njih mogu čitati ne tek kao nezavisne pretpostavke nego samo iz vidokruga povezanosti sa nekim drugim osnovnim stavovima. U tom smislu će rast preciziranja i specijalizovanja kasnijih stavova imati za posljedicu prelazak iz oblasti neke filosofije načela (u smislu nekakve henomerologije) u područje onoga što je relevantno za filosofiju društva/zajednice, odnosno za politiku. No ipak, ovi osnovni stavovi, bez obzira na izvjesnu međusobnu zavisnost, neće moći da se posmatraju ni kao neki u sebi čvrsto uvezan lanac zaključivanja. Konačno aksiomatičnost onoga što slijedi uslovna je utoliko što ćemo mi, uprkos odgovarajućoj praksi u geometriji, nastojati da ukažemo na samostalnu argumentativnu težinu pojedinačnih stavova i da ih – ako već ne dokažemo (kao "teoreme") – a ono potkrijepimo i time učinimo vjerodostojnim

Novi Ustav Srbije - manipulativni ili neutralni ustavni dizajn

Organization of government is a most controversial part of the 1990 Constitution of Serbia. Principle of government share; position of National Parliament; president of Republic and the government; decentralization electoral system and its inter-relations and interactions - the constitutional design which crucially influences consequences of political system - was operationally systemized so that in Serbia there was a mixed or semi-presidential system in force. In our circumstances such model of the government was estimated and reviewed as presidential system, Caesarism Sultanism, etc... Creator of the Constitution had a goal of discontinuity with politics and the Constitution as embodied by the government of the Socialist Party of Serbia and Slobodan Milosevic. This paper is dedicated to analysis of constitutional design of the Constitution of Serbia in 2006-to the objects and methods of the change of the government by the creator of the Constitution and whether the criticized mechanisms - direct election of head of the state, absence of signature of approval (absence of premapotpis) possibility of dissolving deputy bodies, etc. - have been abolished or not. The analysis of newly constituted institutes has been made through models of manipulative and neutral constitutional design.Organizacija vlasti je najosporavaniji deo Ustava Srbije iz 1990. godine Princip podele vlasti, pozicija Narodne skupštine, predsednika Republike i Vlade; decentralizacija; izborni sistem i njihovi međusobni odnosi - ustavni dizajn koji presudno utiče na posledice u političkom sistemu operacionalizovanje tako daje u Srbiji funkcionisao mešoviti ili polupredsednički sistem. Takav oblik vlasti u našim uslovima proglašavanje i kritikovan kao prezidancijalizam, cezarizam, sultanizam... Cilj ustavo-tvorca bio je diskontinuitet s politikom i Ustavom koju su oličavale vlade Socijalističke partije Srbije i Slobodan Milošević. Ovaj prilog posvećen je analizi ustavnog dizajna u Ustavu Srbije iz 2006. godine - šta i kako je ustavotvorac promenio organizaciji vlasti i da li je otklonio mehanizme koje je posebno kritikovao - neposredan izbor šefa države, odsustvo premapotpisa mogućnosti raspuštanja predstavničkog tela, i sl. Analiza novokonstituisanih instituta vrši se kroz modele manipulativnog i neutralnog ustavnog dizajna

The Export Bank branch office in Tirana in 1934

Yugoslav policy with Albania was faced with the lack of organizations aimed at improvement of economic cooperation between the two countries particularly Yugoslav banks in Albania. Favorable circumstances for overcoming this situation appeared in 1933, when Albania, due to financial problems resulted from aggravated relations with Italy, asked Yugoslavia for help. In this respect, in December 1933 the Trade Agreement Annex was signed. One of Agreement's provisions stipulated opening of a Yugoslav bank branch office in Albania. Bank's mission was to facilitate financial and commercial transactions between the two countries. Apart from economic operations, the bank was supposed to have an important political role. It had been envisioned as an institution which would serve as a meeting point for pro-Yugoslav oriented economic and political elites in Albania. The choice was made - Belgrade Export Bank was selected to open its branch office in Tirana, in May 1934. The agreement between the Bank and Yugoslav state stipulated that the state should bear expenses of establishing and organization of the branch office, amounting up to 2 million dinars, as well as the credit for business activities in Albania, up to 8 million dinars. The Export Bank considered its commitment towards the state fulfilled by the very opening of its branch office in Tirana. Therefore its commencing activities were reduced to performing less important tasks. The Yugoslav government, on the other hand, expected the branch office to engage to a much higher extent in all business activities, especially in supplying credits for Albanian merchants. In newspaper articles and in public Albanians expressed their great pleasure in the act of opening of the bank. On the other hand, Italy was the greatest opponent to the opening of a Yugoslav bank and it tried to expel Yugoslav bank from Albania by all means. In 1934, Export Bank's branch office did not manage to find an adequate position in Albanian economic life.Rad se bavi osnivanjem filijale jugoslovenske Izvozne banke u Albaniji i njenom ulogom u privredno-političkim odnosima između dve države tokom 1934. godine

Moralno učenje sofiste Protagore o prometejskom vaspitavanju u vrlinama - polazna paradigma aksiologije socijalnog rada

For the science of social work the anthropological teaching of Protagoras, the Sophist from Abder, opens up an almost inexhaustible anticipation of its philosophical foundation. Complying with the ethical relativism this wise man stresses almost 25 centuries ago the initial paradigm of social work, its ethics and axiology based on the education and reformation of human virtues which makes the basis of overall improvement and humanization of people. Besides, Protagoras sees the dialectic compliance of the activities of an individual with the community in which he exist as defining among the first in the history of philosophy the ethical imperative indicating that what should shouldn’t be done by people in general should not be done by any man at all. The social work humanists can find fertile germ in his teaching according to which the teaching of virtues is inseparable from the familiar framework and falling within the competence of presently actual agents of socialization. Protagoras provokes a series of other issues of importance for presently actual theory and methodology of social work such as rationality, purposefulness and timely usage of human speech, then the purpose of sacrifice as a necessary condition and measure of act of good deed or still not postulated principles of human hoping, endurance, persistence and consistence