Economic openness and trade policy: Struggles of the dairy sector in colombia [Apertura económica y política comercial: Estudio del sector lácteo y sus dificultades en colombia]

Since the economic openness in Colombia, some economic sectors have experienced significant challenges to compete with foreign products, as is the case of the dairy sector. Thus, this article provides an analysis between economic openness and the behavior of the dairy sector in Colombia, considering that many products in this industry have applied prohibitive custom rates and bound tariffs, making the dairy sector the one with the highest level of tariff protectionism. Therefore, variables such as exports, imports, productive capacity, consumption, among others, were analyzed at the national level and in Latin America-The Caribbean. The results show that in Colombia there are excessive levels of tariff protectionism and a growth in imports in the dairy sector, reflecting internal problems of productive efficiency and competitiveness. In conclusion, it is proposed to focus Colombian exports on products with higher added value and continue with the efforts to modernize and capitalize the dairy supply chain, to offer competitive national prices and satisfy domestic demand. © 2020, Universidad del Zulia. All rights reserved

Data fusion and information quality for biometric identification from multimodal signals [Modelo jdl y calidad de la información para identificación biométrica a partir de señales multimodales: Estudio exploratorio]

Biometric identification is carried out by processing physiological traits and signals. Biometrics systems are an open field of research and development, since they are permanently susceptible to attacks demanding permanent development to maintain their confidence. The main objective of this study is to analyze the effects of the quality of information on biometric identification and consider it in access control systems. This paper proposes a data fusion model for the development of biometrics systems considering the assessment of information quality. This proposal is based on the JDL (Joint Directors of Laboratories) data fusion model, which includes raw data processing, pattern detection, situation assessment and risk or impact. The results demonstrated the functionality of the proposed model and its potential compared to other traditional identification models. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved

El debido proceso en el derecho administrativo sancionatorio frente a las infracciones a las normas de transporte terrestre en Colombia : (estudio a partir de la legislación, la doctrina y jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado)

El estudio, se desarrolla en tres capítulos temáticos con plena coherencia desde los objetivos específicos trazados en la propuesta de investigación: En el primer capítulo se estudia el régimen administrativo sancionatorio en Colombia, con énfasis en sus características, desde este cauce se realizan acercamientos a diferentes tipos de procesos sancionatorios como son el disciplinario, el de Policía, y el de tránsito, con el propósito de identificar su connotación sustancial y estructuras procesales, reforzando el contexto de derechos y garantías por cada tipología procesal, con armonización al tema central de la investigación. En el segundo capítulo se realiza la descripción del régimen sancionatorio en materia de transporte terrestre en Colombia de forma precisa y específica, tomando como soporte la legislación y la doctrina, mismo que se desarrolla desde la revisión de la ley 105 de 1993 y la ley 336 de 1996, esta última conocida como Estatuto marco de transporte y de sus decretos reglamentarios. Para el caso de la doctrina se acude a la visión de importantes doctrinantes en la materia, desde la cual se permite observar la estructura del proceso y sus garantías al debido proceso, desde una cosmovisión diferente en cuanto al reforzamiento de concepciones sistematizadoras del derecho del transporte terrestre y sus dinámicas de control y sanción. En el tercer capítulo se desarrolla el análisis del debido proceso en el régimen sancionatorio del transporte terrestre desde la jurisprudencia de la Corte Constitucional y del Consejo de Estado.Magíster en Derecho Procesal ContemporáneoMaestrí

PID tuning method based on IMC for inverse-response second-order plus dead time processes

This work addresses a set of tuning rules for PID controllers based on Internal Model Control (IMC) for inverse-response second-order systems with dead time. The transfer function, and some time-response characteristics for such systems are first described. Then, the IMC-based methodology is developed by using an optimization objective function that mixes performance and robustness. A correlation that minimizes the objective function and that allows the user to compute the controller's tuning parameter is found. The obtained expressions are mathematically simple, which facilitate their application in a ten-step systematic methodology. Finally, the proposed tuning method is compared to other well-known tuning rules that have been reported in literature, for a wide range of parameters of the process. The performance achieved with the proposed method is very good not only for disturbance rejection but for set-point tracking, when considering a wide-range of parameters of the process' transfer function. © 2020 by the authors

Use of information and communication technologies in journalistic writing and development of critical thinking [Uso de las tecnologías de información y comunicación en la escritura periodística y desarrollo del pensamiento crítico1]

School journalism with Information and Communication Technologies was implemented to improve critical thinking in secondary school students; the critical thinking was measured using a pretest-posttest and control group quasi-experimental design. ICTs were used, since writing and rewriting work and also consulting reliable sources, a basic element of critical thinking, is more viable when using technology. Digital databases and computer programs were used for the edition and layout of the newspaper, as well as social media for interactions. The experimental group made school newspapers collaboratively and the control group did not; when comparing their scores, it was found that those who produced newspapers using ICTs increased their critical thinking score by six times compared with the control group. These differences are statistically significant, so there is empirical evidence to affirm that the use of ICT favors the development of critical thinking since they generate collaborative environments that motivate writing. © 2020, Associacao Iberica de Sistemas e Tecnologias de Informacao. All rights reserved

LO-Phonons and dielectric polarization effects on the electronic properties of doped GaN/InN spherical core/shell quantum dots in a nonparabolic band model

The electron energy spectrum of a core/shell spherical quantum dot made of zincblende GaN/InN compounds is investigated taking into account the presence of an off-center donor atom and the influence of band nonparabolicity. The interaction of both the charge carrier and the Coulombic core with longitudinal optical phonons is included through Frö hlich and Aldrich-Bajaj theories, respectively. The ground state energy is determined by solving the resulting conduction band effective mass equation via the variational Ritz principle. A detailed analysis of the features of electron and hole spectra as functions of the core and shell sizes is presented, highlighting the possibility of transitioning between type-I and type-II structures. A detailed discussion about the effects of conduction band nonparabolicity, dielectric mismatch and electron-phonon interaction onto the impurity binding energy is provided. It was found that, in general, nonparabolicity of the conduction band leads to larger impurity binding energy, and that LO-phonon and dielectric mismatch effects tend to reduce the value of the latter quantity. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Understanding mechanisms in the adsorption of lead and copper ions on chili seed waste in single and multicomponent systems: a combined experimental and computational study

In the current work, a deep study to understand the adsorption phenomena occurring in single and multicomponent systems was conducted by using spectroscopic characterization, and computational tools. The experimental results showed that the adsorption capacity of chili seed is higher for Pb2+ (48 mg/g) than Cu2+ (4.1 mg/g) ions in single systems. However, the adsorption study in multicomponent systems provides important conclusions of the concentration effect of the metal ions, showing a significant antagonistic and competitive effect of both ions under equivalent concentrations of them (qPb2+ is 56% reduced) or high concentration of Pb2+ (qCu2+ is 50% reduced). Computational results correlated well with the experimental ones and evidenced all interactions proposed from spectroscopy results, accounting for the occurrence of complexation and electrostatic mechanisms between metal ions and the surface oxygenated functional groups (hydroxyl, carboxyl, and carboxylate) onto chili seed. Chemistry quantum descriptors supported the reactivity behavior of the chemical species implicated. All results evidenced that Pb2+ and Cu2+ adsorption on chili seed surface is governed by the occurrence of combined ionic exchange, π-interaction, complexation, and electrostatic attraction. © 2021, Springer-Verlag GmbH Germany, part of Springer Nature

Plasma diagnostic and microstructural study of WCN coatings growth by pulsed vacuum arc discharge

In this work, we present a study of the plasma evolution during tungsten carbon nitride (WCN) coatings production using the repetitive pulsed arc technique. For the coatings production, a tungsten carbide (WC) target, and a mixture of argon and nitrogen as the filled gas were used. The study was carried out for discharges generated with one, two, three, and four pulses. The WCN coatings were characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD) to identify the phases present in this material. The plasma was experimentally studied by optical emission spectroscopy (OES). A correlation was found between the spectral lines behavior and the material composition evolution. As the number of pulses increased, the intensity of the spectral lines also increased, especially in the case of the atomic lines of nitrogen, NI. The results were analysed to obtain information regarding the reactions in the plasma, as well as the electron temperature and density. © 2018 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinhei

Developments in accounting and treasury functions in public educational institutions in the Municipality of Medellín, Colombia, since 1976

This article examines the official educational institutions in the Municipality of Medellín, focusing on their accounting and budget management and observing their normative development from 1976 to June 2018. The importance of this study lies in clarifying the role that accounting plays in improving the administration of public resources because accounting is adaptable to the educational context. This study concludes that the accounting system in educational establishments has significantly improved as regards administrative and accounting autonomy, thereby impacting the quality and performance of educational services. In summary, a link between accounting and education becomes evident in this historical review. Therefore, the role of state control and monitoring agencies is crucial. © The Author(s) 2020

Body-skin-language. Syphilis in the field of enunciation of clinical dermatology [Cuerpo-piel-lenguaje. La sífilis en el campo de enunciación de la dermatología clínica]

This text poses a question regarding the body as a space of medical representation, linked to the disease’s deforming effects on it in the second half of the 19thcentury, as an archive in a Colombian-Spanish documentary series. The disease produces a sound, which when listened to, tells of the traces on the body’s unsettling landscape: skin. Thus the text reveals the speaking bodies that howl about the intersubjective experiences of the disease through the mediation between doctor and patient, in which a wise discourse captures the symptoms of the pain spread over the skin of the sufferer. The latter emerges and lends a voice to their subjective experience as a platform for expression for clinical dermatological taxonomies in the second half of the 19thcentury. © Esta obra está protegida bajo una Licencia Creative Commons Atribución-NoComer-cial 4.0 Internacional