New York State College of Veterinary Medicine

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    Open Bibliographic Metadata – A Primer

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    Open sharing and reuse of library bibliographic metadata improves the discoverability and usefulness of library resources. Open metadata also supports scholarship, research and innovation. This primer sketches three steps to sharing your institution’s bibliographic metadata based on our experience with providing open bibliographic metadata at Cornell University Library: 1. Policy, Copyright and Licensing – Develop a policy and select a license 2. Scope – Decide what records or fields should or must be excluded 3. Provide Access – Create the dataset, make it available, and plan update

    Digitization of Rural India and the Agricultural Sector

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    153 pagesThe recent internet expansion in India has been associated with increasing economic activity. However, it is unclear who benefits from increasing internet access. In my thesis, I first study the distributional effects of faster mobile internet on household income across India. Using longitudinal and geo-spatial data, I find that faster internet disproportionately benefits the wealthier households, especially those earning from businesses. I then test whether online communication has the potential to benefit farmers by reducing information asymmetry. I address the concern of self-selection into social media networks through a randomized control trial across 108 villages in rural south India. I find that farmers share agricultural information with their online peers whether or not they meet in-person, and also invest significantly in their farms. Only those farmers receive significant revenue returns who invest a greater proportion in pest-management strategies. Lastly, my third review paper navigates the transformative landscape of digital agriculture, highlighting its pivotal role in fostering sustainable food systems as well as improving climate resilience. By harnessing cutting-edge technologies and data-driven insights, digital agriculture unfolds two major pathways towards sustainability: enhancing productivity and resource efficiency through precision agriculture techniques, and proactively mitigating climate-induced risks to minimize environmental footprints.2026-09-0

    Longitudinal Assessments of Ovarian Morphology in Women with PCOS: Implications for Diagnosis and Hypocaloric Interventions

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    133 pagesPolycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder affecting 1 out of 8 women of reproductive age worldwide. Diagnostic features of PCOS include a combination of ovulatory dysfunction, hyperandrogenism and/or polycystic ovarian morphology (PCOM), with the most severe phenotype of PCOS involving a combination of all three cardinal features. As a broad-spectrum endocrine disorder, PCOS is associated with a host of metabolic complications that are integral to the pathophysiology of anovulation in PCOS. Mechanisms of disordered folliculogenesis in PCOS are largely unexplored however, and the degree to which PCOM captures the severity of anovulation is unclear. Overweight and obesity are highly prevalent in women with PCOS and have been shown to confer a detrimental impact on antral follicle development, ovulation and PCOS severity. First-line therapy for those with PCOS and excess weight is lifestyle intervention aimed at mild to moderate weight loss in the range of 5 – 10 % owing to the known benefits for metabolic health. The effectiveness of lifestyle intervention on ovulatory dysfunction and other diagnostic criteria for PCOS remains unclear. In Chapter 1, the effectiveness of weight loss on antral follicle development and ovulation in women with PCOS was evaluated using a short-term hypocaloric dietary intervention. We found that clinically meaningful weight loss did not consistently improve ovulation frequency. However, improvements in earlier stages of antral follicle development were observed suggesting that a longer intervention or greater weight loss could improve reproductive outcomes in the longer term. In Chapter 2, we evaluated the impact of a short-term hypocaloric dietary intervention on the severity of PCOS presentation. We showed that weight loss induced by a short-term hypocaloric dietary intervention resulted in changes in menstrual cycle length and antral follicle populations that were not sufficient to drive phenotypic changes in the majority of women with PCOS. Of those who experienced phenotypic changes in clinical presentation of PCOS, shifts to a more favorable PCOS phenotype were temporary and largely resolved 6 months later. In Chapter 3, we established the diagnostic accuracy of polycystic ovarian morphology across the menstrual cycle. We found that markers of follicle excess and ovarian enlargement on ultrasonography have high predictive power for PCOS across the early follicular phase, late follicular phase, early luteal phase, and late luteal phase. Diagnostic accuracy for PCOS was enabled by the persistent nature of polycystic ovarian morphology across the menstrual cycle. Together, this research will inform best practices for the diagnostic evaluation and nutritional management of PCOS2025-03-0

    Cultural Foundations of Abstract Thought

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    99 pagesPeople from Western and East Asian cultures exhibit systematic differences in perception, attention, and cognition. This dissertation investigates the origins of cultural differences between Western and East Asian groups, and the cognitive consequences of these differences for American and Chinese people. First, I evaluate one prominent proposal that claims the psychological differences between Westerners and East Asians mirror and derive, in part, from differences between ancient Greek and ancient Chinese philosophies. I present a review of these ancient philosophical traditions and argue that they have been mischaracterized. I then present several potential mechanisms by which modern mindsets may have given rise to the misinterpretations present in the modern literature. In the following parts of this dissertation, I present empirical work delving into the consequences that cultural differences have for high-level cognition, specifically abstract thought. An influential perspective in the social sciences claims that greater sensitivity to context should impede abstract thinking in people from non-Western cultures, specifically people from China, relative to people from Western cultures. I report the results of several studies testing this proposal. These studies consistently find Chinese participants to be more abstract thinkers than US participants, as indexed by validated measures of two types of abstract thought: event cognition and analogical reasoning. These findings challenge the view that Westerners think more abstractly than Chinese people. These results suggest that, rather than being an impediment, context-sensitivity may foster abstract thought.2026-09-0

    ADVANCING GLOBAL POINT-OF-CARE DIAGNOSIS: INNOVATIONS IN DETECTING INFECTIOUS DISEASES AND CANCER

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    102 pagesIn the past decades, nucleic acid testing (NAT) has emerged as a pivotal approach for diagnosing a variety of infectious diseases and cancers including COVID-19 and Kaposi’s Sarcoma. In NATs, specific nucleic acid sequences are detected and quantified through DNA amplification from a sample. Among NATs, loop-mediated isothermal amplification (LAMP) has gained particular attention for point-of-care (POC) applications due to its advantages over traditional testing approaches. LAMP stands out for its resilience against inhibitors, rapid turnaround time, and minimal need for sophisticated instrumentation, making it well-suited for settings where centralized healthcare is atypical. While true, the need for robust high-throughput devices and streamlined processes are still needed for the complete realization of LAMP applications at the point of care. This dissertation presents the design and deployment of a novel high-throughput device tailored for LAMP applications, alongside the refinement of DNA extraction methods suitable for POC settings. The second chapter details the development and construction of MINI, a high-throughput device capable of running hundreds of LAMP reactions per day. In the third chapter, MINI is explored as an early detection system for COVID-19, utilizing wastewater samples at a localized level to detect SARS-CoV-2. The fourth chapter delves into the optimization and assessment of numerous rapid and simple DNA extraction techniques compatible with LAMP, emphasizing the selection of appropriate methods for POC applications involving skin biopsies. Collectively, these chapters propel the research efforts and technological advancements toward the complete realization of LAMP applications in remote and decentralized settings

    Returning Kits Instructions 2024

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    Here are instructions on what items in the kit you will keep and which you will return

    Heat Transfer in Intramedullary Rod in Tibia on Cold Day©

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    Many patients with orthopedic implants complain of pain associated with cold temperatures. This study aims to investigate how the temperature of the tissue in the lower leg is affected by the presence of a metal implant on a cold day. Two bioheat transfer models were made using eccentric cones and cylindrical solids to create our domain of interest, the region from the popliteal crease of the knee to the lateral malleolus at the ankle; the dimensions were based on average values for a 20 year old male, which was the demographic that most commonly received this implant [1]. The applicable parameters for modeling include heat conductivity, density, specific heat, and heat transfer coefficient. One model included a stainless steel rod placed in the medullary cavity of the tibia. The other model, which contains no implant, was used as a control. The models contain three boundary conditions: two thermal insulation boundaries at the top and bottom of the model, and a convective heat flux for the skin in contact with environmental air. The temperature profile of the lower leg was obtained in the model through a parasagittal cut plane evaluated 120 minutes after being exposed to an external temperature of 4.45°C. After running the model with a fine mesh (being the ideal mesh size) three points were taken just below the skin on the anterior side of the leg where thermoreceptors are located. The temperature vs. time graphs were evaluated at the three points between the two models, which found the temperature graph to be lower for the model with the implant. The temperature difference has a maximum of 0.33°C which, although slight, may stimulate the sensitive thermoreceptors that cause the perception of cool sensation. Sensitivity of the result to uncertainty was analyzed through varying the thermal conductivity of the rod’s stainless steel, convective heat transfer coefficient for the convective boundary condition, blood perfusion rates, and metabolic rates. The overall uncertainty of the cut-point temperature was found to be 4.68℃. Due to uncertainties in the blood flow, it is difficult to offer strong conclusions since this uncertainty is greater than the difference in temperatures with and without the implant. Our results do suggest, however, that the implant will not significantly affect the perception of cold sensation and that cold temperatures in the tissue surrounding the implant are unlikely to be the source of reported pain

    Computational Analysis of the Effects of Interatrial Shunt Diameter on Atrial Hemodynamics in Heart Failure (HFpEF) Patients

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    The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of the diameter of an interatrial shunt on patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF). HFpEF is characterized by the stiffening of left ventricle heart cells, which results in higher left ventricular pressure and consequently causes a higher pressure in the left atrium as it attempts to force blood through the left ventricle. The study seeks to investigate the effect of placing a small shunt in the septum – the tissue that divides the left and right heart chambers – on reducing the left atrium, left ventricular, and pulmonary pressures that arise as a result of HFpEF. As the shunt diameter increases, more blood is allowed to flow from the left atrium to the right atrium, thereby reducing the pressure buildup in the left atrium at the cost of a rise in pressure in the right atrium. However, large-diameter shunts may be more invasive and cause future complications for the patient, especially by increasing the pulmonary-to-systemic flow rate ratio (Qp:Qs) to dangerously high levels. The goal of this study is to determine the largest possible shunt diameter to reduce the left atrium pressure of a typical HFpEF patient down to a healthy level without increasing Qp:Qs to dangerous levels. The heart atria are modeled by mapping the 3D heart atria into an idealized 2D model of the heart atria. Using the 3D-2D procedure and coupled equations found in Meindertsma, this paper investigates the effect of varying shunt diameter on the target pressures (left atrium, left ventricle, pulmonary system) and flow rate. [8]. Simulations show that increasing shunt diameters from 0 to 12 mm consistently dropped target pressures but increased the Qp:Qs. Using the same criterion as Kemmerling and Meindertsma suggest, our study found the 9 mm shunt to be the largest and most pressure-reducing shunt that still maintains a safe Qp:Qs ratio for patients [7, 8]

    On the Frequency and Detail of Feedback

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    Instant feedback is the hallmark of our connected society. Customers are frequently requested to give stars to the rideshare that just took them home, the restaurant where they just ate, or the phone app they just used. Likes, emoticons, and reforwarding rates immediately measure the success of both public personalities and private individuals. Further, the seemingly infinite storage capacity of the cloud and the unrelenting progress of computing power have given firms the means to process and synthesize huge information flows that can support decision-making and control processes. In this context, it is natural to think that providing detailed feedback as frequently as possible would improve decision-making. However, that may not always be the case, as we explain in this article

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