KRATOS: A large suite of N -body simulations to interpret the stellar kinematics of LMC-like discs

Indexación: Scopus.Context. The Large and Small Magellanic Clouds (LMC and SMC, respectively) are the brightest satellites of the Milky Way (MW), and for the last thousand million years they have been interacting with one another. As observations only provide a static picture of the entire process, numerical simulations are used to interpret the present-day observational properties of these kinds of systems, and most of them have been focused on attempting to recreate the neutral gas distribution and characteristics through hydrodynamical simulations. Aims. We present KRATOS, a comprehensive suite of 28 open-access pure N-body simulations of isolated and interacting LMC-like galaxies designed for studying the formation of substructures in their discs after interaction with an SMC-mass galaxy. The primary objective of this paper is to provide theoretical models that help us to interpret the formation of general structures in an LMC-like galaxy under various tidal interaction scenarios. This is the first paper of a series dedicated to the analysis of this complex interaction. Methods. Simulations are grouped into 11 sets of up to three configurations, with each set containing (1) a control model of an isolated LMC-like galaxy; (2) a model that contains the interaction with an SMC-mass galaxy, and (3) a model where both an SMC-mass and a MW-mass galaxy may interact with the LMC-like galaxy (the most realistic model). In each simulation, we analysed the orbital history between the three galaxies and examined the morphological and kinematic features of the LMC-like disc galaxy throughout the interaction. This includes investigating the disc scale height and velocity maps. When a bar was found to develop, we characterised its strength, length, off-centredness, and pattern speed. Results. The diverse outcomes found in the KRATOS simulations, including the presence of bars, warped discs, and various spiral arm shapes, demonstrate the opportunities they offer to explore a range of LMC-like galaxy morphologies. These morphologies directly correspond to distinct disc kinematic maps, making them well-suited for a first-order interpretation of the LMC's kinematic maps. From the simulations, we note that tidal interactions can: boost the disc scale height; both destroy and create bars; and naturally explain the off-centre stellar bars. The bar length and pattern speed of long-lived bars are not appreciably altered by the interaction. Conclusions. The high spatial, temporal, and mass resolution used in the KRATOS simulations has been shown to be appropriate for the purpose of interpreting the internal kinematics of LMC-like discs, as evidenced by the first scientific results presented in this work.https://www-scopus-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85200333699&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=aec3d88834ed8d2c6995b31de21a2763&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scosubjabbr%2C%22EART%22%2Ct%2Bscosubtype%2C%22ar%22%2Ct%2Bscofreetoread%2C%22all%22%2Ct&s=AF-ID%2860002636%29+AND+SUBJAREA%28PHYS%29&sl=34&sessionSearchId=aec3d88834ed8d2c6995b31de21a2763&relpos=

Josefa Galeote, a 19th century sorceress. Permanences and continuities in an inquisitorial process

Indexación: ScopusJosefa Galeote fue enjuiciada por la Inquisición de Toledo en 1801. Su proceso, como tantos otros más, no varió ni se modificó pese a desarrollarse a inicios del siglo XIX. Los folios de su relación de causa describen una serie de situaciones que ilustran las continuidades de un proceso inquisitorial. Es decir, la delación de la testigo, las escrituras del comisario, las cartas e informes enviados al Tribunal, los exámenes de los inquisidores, etc. Nuestro objetivo es analizar el proceso y reinterpretar aquellas características que enfaticen la permanencia y, por supuesto, las continuidades del juicio contra Josefa «la Galeote».Josefa Galeote was prosecuted by the Toledo Inquisition in 1801. Her process, like so many others, did not change or change despite taking place at the beginning of the 19th century. The pages of his relation of cause describe a series of situations that illustrate the continuities of an inquisitorial process. The denunciation of the witness, the deeds of the commissioner, the letters and reports sent to the Court, the examinations of the inquisitors, etc. Our objective is to analyze the process and reinterpret those characteristics that emphasize permanence and, of course, the continuities of the trial against Josefa «la Galeote». © 2024 Universidad Bernardo O'Higgins. All rights reserved. Keywords:19th century; continuities; Inquisition; permanence; sorcery.http://www.autoctonia.cl/index.php/autoc/article/view/38

Characterization of Clostridioides difficile Persister Cells and Their Role in Antibiotic Tolerance

Indexación: Scopus.Clostridioides difficile is a Gram-positive pathogen known for its toxin production and spore formation. It is primarily responsible for most cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea. Bacterial persisters are a small subset of the population that exhibits transient tolerance to bactericidal substances, and they are of significant medical concern due to their association with the emergence of antibiotic resistance and difficult-to-treat chronic or recurrent infections. Vancomycin, the predominant antibiotic utilized in the management of C. difficile infection, is extensively applied in the realm of clinical practice. Previous studies have demonstrated a persister-like phenotype with treatments involving this antibiotic. However, the mechanism in C. difficile remains largely unknown, primarily due to the challenge of isolating this small population at any given time. To better characterize C. difficile persister cells, we present a study that enables the enrichment and characterization of persister cells from bacterial cultures in both the exponential and stationary phases. Moreover, we could differentiate between triggered (induced using antibiotics such as vancomycin) and spontaneous (stochastic) persister cells. Additionally, we observed the involvement of toxin-antitoxin systems and Clp proteases in persister cell formation.https://www-scopus-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85199602710&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=3d137382cc845bbbc3ba798f5b716ff4&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scosubjabbr%2C%22IMMU%22%2Ct%2C%22BIOC%22%2Ct%2C%22AGRI%22%2Ct%2C%22VETE%22%2Ct%2Bscosubtype%2C%22ar%22%2Ct%2Bscoafid%2C%2260002636%22%2Ct%2Bscofreetoread%2C%22all%22%2Ct%2C%22publisherfullgold%22%2Ct&s=AF-ID%2860002636%29+AND+SUBJAREA%28IMMU%29&sl=34&sessionSearchId=3d137382cc845bbbc3ba798f5b716ff4&relpos=

The Role of Building-Integrated Greenery Systems in Building Sustainability Rating Systems

Indexación: Scopus.Building rating systems allow for the evaluation of environmental buildings’ impact throughout their lifecycle, thereby enabling improved design. The integration of vegetation into building envelopes, through green roofs and facades, provides multiple benefits that enhance the sustainability of a built environment. In arid climates, Building-Integrated Greenery Systems (BIGSs) contribute to energy savings and the improvement of the urban environment through evaporative cooling. However, the maintenance of these green systems requires efficient water use. This study thoroughly reviews six selected building sustainability certifications to determine the extent to which BIGSs are considered in the certification process. The findings indicate that BIGSs are not yet well integrated directly into these certifications. While the certifications recognize the biophilic effects on users and contributions to sustainable construction, they often overlook scientifically proven benefits such as acoustic insulation and urban noise reduction. This study highlights the importance of updating certification frameworks to fully incorporate the diverse advantages of BIGSs, especially in enhancing indoor environments and achieving energy savings.https://www-scopus-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85202913319&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&sid=283b840204b465b87ba47e4bb2b23d9d&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scosubjabbr%2C%22ENVI%22%2Ct%2C%22AGRI%22%2Ct%2C%22EART%22%2Ct%2Bscosubtype%2C%22ar%22%2Ct%2Bscoafid%2C%2260002636%22%2Ct%2Bscofreetoread%2C%22all%22%2Ct&s=AF-ID%2860002636%29+AND+SUBJAREA%28ENVI%29&sl=34&sessionSearchId=283b840204b465b87ba47e4bb2b23d9d&relpos=

Chaotic Binarization Schemes for Solving Combinatorial Optimization Problems Using Continuous Metaheuristics

Indexación: Scopus.Chaotic maps are sources of randomness formed by a set of rules and chaotic variables. They have been incorporated into metaheuristics because they improve the balance of exploration and exploitation, and with this, they allow one to obtain better results. In the present work, chaotic maps are used to modify the behavior of the binarization rules that allow continuous metaheuristics to solve binary combinatorial optimization problems. In particular, seven different chaotic maps, three different binarization rules, and three continuous metaheuristics are used, which are the Sine Cosine Algorithm, Grey Wolf Optimizer, and Whale Optimization Algorithm. A classic combinatorial optimization problem is solved: the 0-1 Knapsack Problem. Experimental results indicate that chaotic maps have an impact on the binarization rule, leading to better results. Specifically, experiments incorporating the standard binarization rule and the complement binarization rule performed better than experiments incorporating the elitist binarization rule. The experiment with the best results was STD_TENT, which uses the standard binarization rule and the tent chaotic map.https://www-scopus-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85183139676&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&sid=c8b1d76f86a80f83efc5c45aeb6793a8&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scofreetoread%2c%22all%22%2ct&sl=61&s=AF-ID%28%22Universidad+Andr%c3%a9s+Bello%22+60002636%29+AND+SUBJAREA%28MATH%29&relpos=11&citeCnt=0&searchTerm

Hub location with congestion and time-sensitive demand

TEXTO COMPLETO EN INGLÉSThis work studies the effect of hub congestion and time-sensitive demand on a hub-and-spoke location/allocation system. The Hub Location with Congestion and Time-sensitive Demand Problem is introduced, which combines these two main characteristics. On the one hand, hubs can be activated at several service levels, each of them characterized by a maximum capacity, expressed as the amount of flow that may circulate through the hub, which is associated with a hub transit time. On the other hand, alternative levels are available for served commodities, where each demand level is characterized by its amount of demand, unit revenue, and maximum service time. In this problem the efficiency of a hub-and-spoke system is given by the maximum net profit it may produce. To the best of our knowledge this is the first work where hub congestion and time-sensitive demand are jointly considered. Two alternative mixed-integer linear programming formulations are proposed. They include a new set of constraints, which are necessary to guarantee the consistency of the obtained solutions under the presence of the capacity-type constraints derived from hub service levels and served demand levels. The efficiency of the formulations is analyzed through a set of computational experiments. The results of the computational experiments allow to study the structure of the obtained solutions and to analyze how the different parameters affect them.https://www-sciencedirect-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/science/article/pii/S037722172400181

Predicting recreational water quality and public health safety in urban estuaries using Bayesian Networks

TEXTO COMPLETO EN INGLÉSTo support the reactivation of urban rivers and estuaries for bathing while ensuring public safety, it is critical to have access to real-time information on microbial water quality and associated health risks. Predictive modelling can provide this information, though challenges concerning the optimal size of training data, model transferability, and communication of uncertainty still need attention. Further, urban estuaries undergo distinctive hydrological variations requiring tailored modelling approaches. This study assessed the use of Bayesian Networks (BNs) for the prediction of enterococci exceedances and extrapolation of health risks at planned bathing sites in an urban estuary in Sydney, Australia. The transferability of network structures between sites was assessed. Models were validated using a novel application of the k-fold walk-forward validation procedure and further tested using independent compliance and event-based sampling datasets. Learning curves indicated the model's sensitivity reached a minimum performance threshold of 0.8 once training data included ≥ 400 observations. It was demonstrated that Semi-Naïve BN structures can be transferred while maintaining stable predictive performance. In all sites, salinity and solar exposure had the greatest influence on Posterior Probability Distributions (PPDs), when combined with antecedent rainfall. The BNs provided a novel and transparent framework to quantify and visualise enterococci, stormwater impact, health risks, and associated uncertainty under varying environmental conditions. This study has advanced the application of BNs in predicting recreational water quality and providing decision support in urban estuarine settings, proposed for bathing, where uncertainty is high.https://www-sciencedirect-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/science/article/pii/S004313542400221

Description of Rhipicephalus hibericus sp. nov. (Ixodoidea: Ixodidae), a species of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus group in southwestern Europe

TEXTO COMPLETO EN INGLÉSWe describe all the life stages of Rhipicephalus hibericus n. sp., provide the types, and present molecular support for a new species of the Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato group, present in southwestern Europe, that has been historically confused with Rhipicephalus turanicus Pomerantzev, 1940. A new name is proposed for this taxon because it was impossible to ascribe to types of already described species in the group, deposited for more than 100 years in natural history institutions. The males have a dorsum showing deep and coarse punctations (absent in Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu stricto) and adanal plates with large punctations (absent in R. sanguineus s.s.); the tail of the spiracular plate is as wide as the closest festoon (half the width in R. sanguineus s.s.). Females have large punctations in dorsal fields, a wide spiracular plate, and a “V” shaped genital opening; such a combination of characters cannot be found in other species of the group. Immatures are described from specimens collected on hosts (Rodentia and Eulipotyphla). Both larvae and nymphs are markedly smaller than R. sanguineus s.s. Nymphs display long, backward-projected auriculae; larvae are almost half the size of R. sanguineus s.s. The new species can hybridize with R. sanguineus s.s. in laboratory colonies producing an unfertile F2, laying brown and dry eggs that did not hatch. Phylogenetic analysis of partial coxI gene sequences placed R. hibericus in a well-supported clade with other sequences of R. sanguineus s.l. from Portugal, as a sister clade of R. sanguineus s.s. The new species does not belong to the R. turanicus group of species. Both 12S and 16S partial gene sequences were not as precise in the correct phylogenetic placement of R. hibericus, in part probably due to the existence of erroneously identified sequences in GenBank©. This description, together with the previous reinstatement of Rhipicephalus secundus and Rhipicephalus rutilus, and the description of the neotypes of R. sanguineus s.s. should help researchers to adequately identify their collections. Our findings demonstrate that R. turanicus is absent in southwestern Europe. Old collections should be re-examined to provide the actual range of the new species.https://www-sciencedirect-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/science/article/pii/S1877959X2400033

Azorella compacta Organic Extracts Exacerbate Metabolic Dysfunction-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Mice Fed a High-Fat Diet

Indexación: Scopus.Azorella compacta (A. compacta) is a shrub of the Andean Altiplano of Bolivia, Chile and Peru, consumed by local communities as a traditional medicine for several maladies such as diabetes, hepatic and inflammatory diseases. A. compacta is rich in mulinane- and azorellane-type diterpenoids. For two of these, acute hypoglycemic effects have been described, but the impact of A. compacta diterpenoids on fatty liver disease has not been investigated. Therefore, A. compacta organic fractions were prepared using petroleum ether, dichloromethane and methanol. Their content was characterized by UHPLC/MS, revealing the presence of ten diterpenoids, mainly mulinic acid, azorellanol and mulin-11,13-diene. Next, mice fed with a high-fat diet (HFD), a model of metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD), received one of the fractions in drinking water for two weeks. After this treatment, hepatic parameters were evaluated. The A. compacta fractions did not reduce hyperglycemia or body weight in the HFD-fed mice but increased the serum levels of hepatic transaminases (AST and ALT), reduced albumin and increased bilirubin, indicating hepatic damage, while histopathological alterations such as steatosis, inflammation and necrosis generated by the HFD were, overall, not ameliorated by the fractions. These results suggest that organic A. compacta extracts may generate hepatic complications in patients with MAFLD.https://www-scopus-com.recursosbiblioteca.unab.cl/record/display.uri?eid=2-s2.0-85197874540&origin=resultslist&sort=plf-f&src=s&nlo=&nlr=&nls=&sid=387ca2ca77c128dcfbb91eaed0e5b94c&sot=aff&sdt=cl&cluster=scofreetoread%2c%22all%22%2ct&sl=34&s=AF-ID%2860002636%29+AND+SUBJAREA%28PHAR%29&relpos=1&citeCnt=0&searchTerm