Atropisomerism of diflunisal unveiled by rotational spectroscopy and quantum chemical calculations

Producción CientíficaThe most stable conformer of laser-ablated diflunisal has been isolated in a supersonic expansion and experimentally detected through high-resolution chirped-pulse rotational spectroscopy. State-of-the-art chemical calculations allowed to understand the nature of the strong stabilization of the detected conformer and its atropisomer among a total of sixteen theoretically predicted conformers and confirmed the presence of a resonance assisted hydrogen bond (RAHB) between the hydroxyl hydrogen atom and the carbonyl oxygen atom of the carboxylic acid group. The comparison of the experimental data from this work and the information found in the literature about the molecule in condensed phases corroborates the existence of these two atropisomers and is contextualized within the complexation arrangement of diflunisal with relevant proteins.This project has been funded by grants PID2022-136919NA-C33 of the Ministry of Science, Innovation and Universities MCIN/AEI/10.13039/501100011033. The authors also acknowledge the Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2021-125207NB-C33) and the Junta de Castilla y León (Grant INFRARED-FEDER IR2020-1-UVa02). A.V. would like to thank the University of Valladolid and Banco Santander for his Ph.D. grant

Native parasitoids recruitment as potential controllers of Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae) in recently colonised areas

Producción CientíficaIn this work, we investigate the native parasitoid community colonising galls by an invasive pest: the oriental chestnut gall wasp (OCGW), Dryocosmus kuriphilus (Hymenoptera; Cynipidae). We tried to understand how native parasitoids react after the arrival of the pest (two-year sampling period) in the province of Zamora (Castilla & León region, N-W Spain). For this purpose, we collected both, chestnut galls from six stands and oak galls from surrounding oak groves. Our results highlight the response to D. kuriphilus provided by the oak gall wasps that naturally inhabit Quercus pyrenaica. The parasitoid community showed a core assemblage composed of Eurytoma brunniventris, Torymus flavipes and T. sinensis in OCGW galls, and Baryscapus diaphantus, Bootanomyia dorsalis, Eupelmus urozonus, E. brunniventris, Mesopolobus lichtensteini, T. affinis, and T. flavipes in oak galls. We identified the torymid T. flavipes as one of the most common parasitoids of OCGW, in addition to the exotic parasitoid T. sinensis, never officially released in the region but present in the study area. In addition, we intend to know its possible incidence on non-target cynipids. We have found an intense connection in the food web with some chalcids that establish interactions with the gall wasp, both in adult instar (emerging from reared galls) and larval (presence of larvae in OCGW gall chambers, identified by dissection). We also describe the flight phenology of D. kuriphilus in our study area (as far as we know, the first one focused in Castilla & León region) and evaluate the overlap between OCGW and native and exotic parasitoids showing a promising role of native guild as biocontrollers.This study was partially funded by the Recognised Research Group: Ecology and Conservation of Flora and Fauna of the University of Valladoli

Independencia judicial y proceso penal europeo: el derecho a un juez independiente y su incidencia en el espacio de libertad, seguridad y justicia

Sin jueces independientes los Estados miembros no pueden establecer las vías de recurso necesarias para garantizar la tutela judicial efectiva en los ámbitos cubiertos por el Derecho de la Unión, como exige el art. 19.1,II TUE. El TJUE vincula la garantía de la independencia judicial con el derecho fundamental a un proceso equitativo del art. 47,II CDFUE. Esta exigencia de independencia reviste una importancia capital como garante de la protección del conjunto de los derechos que el ordenamiento jurídico de la Unión confiere a los justiciables, con amplia incidencia en el ELSJ, y para la salvaguarda de los valores comunes de los Estados miembros proclamados en el artículo 2 TUE

El derecho a la presunción de inocencia como regla de tratamiento ad intra o intra processum. Especial consideración desde la perspectiva europea

El presente trabajo analiza el contenido y significado de la presunción de inocencia en su vertiente de regla de tratamiento dentro del proceso penal (ad intra o intra processum). El estudio cuenta con dos partes diferenciadas, pero íntimamente relacionadas. La primera intenta identificar qué es lo que nuestra legislación y jurisprudencia actuales entienden por la mencionada vertiente del derecho fundamental. La segunda se dedica a realizar una reflexión sobre su aplicabilidad en concreto en las distintas fases del proceso penal y en relación con distintos tipos de resoluciones que se dictan en las fases de instrucción e intermedia

El profesorado ante la educación inclusiva: perfiles actitudinales y orientaciones para su formación

La inclusión es uno de los principales retos que afrontan los sistemas educativos actuales. Aunque la mayoría de los países hispanohablantes han puesto en marcha políticas inclusivas durante los últimos años, numerosas investigaciones señalan que las actitudes de los docen-tes son determinantes para facilitar la plena inclusión en las escuelas. Este estudio indaga en los perfiles actitudinales del profesorado acerca de la inclusión educativa. Participaron 357 docentes de educación primaria en formación inicial y en ejercicio procedentes de países hispanohablantes. Se utilizó el cuestionario de López et al. (2010). Los participantes mos-traron actitudes mayoritariamente favorables hacia la inclusión, identificando cinco perfiles diferentes: inclusivo, comprometido, paradójico, reticente y excluyente. Los perfiles inter-medios —comprometido, paradójico y reticente— mostraron diferencias significativas en cuanto a las creencias y a las prácticas. Se facilitan enfoques formativos específicos para cada perfil, junto con orientaciones generales. Se recomienda profundizar en estrategias didácticas y fomentar el diálogo colaborativo para los perfiles inclusivo y comprometido. El perfil paradójico necesita recursos prácticos para alinear teoría y práctica, mientras que los perfiles reticente y excluyente requieren un enfoque cuidadoso para facilitar la acepta-ción de la diversidad

Efficient exponential Rosenbrock methods till order four

Producción CientíficaIn a previous paper, a technique was described to avoid order reduction with exponential Rosenbrock methods when integrating initial boundary value problems with time-dependent boundary conditions. That requires to calculate some information on the boundary from the given data. In the present paper we prove that, under some assumptions on the coefficients of the method which are mainly always satisfied, no numerical differentiation is required to approximate that information in order to achieve order 4 for parabolic problems with Dirichlet boundary conditions. With Robin/Neumann ones, just numerical differentiation in time may be necessary for order 4, but none for order ≤ 3. Furthermore, as with this technique it is not necessary to impose any stiff order conditions, in search of efficiency, we recommend some methods of classical orders 2, 3 and 4 and we give some comparisons with several methods in the literature, with the corresponding stiff order.Junta de Castilla y León/FEDER (VA169P20

Automation of multi-layer multi-domain transport networks and the role of AI [Invited]

Producción CientíficaWith increasing demand for customized connectivity, transport networks must evolve towards autonomous and customer-driven network management. This paper presents a comprehensive overview of network autonomy and the challenges associated with evolving toward higher levels of autonomy. Moreover, various use cases of artificial intelligence in network automation in IP-over-DWDM transport networks are also analyzed, in particular related to traffic prediction, quality of transmission, anomaly detection, network planning, and proactive failure management. Additionally, the role of generative AI in network operation is explored. Central to our discussion is a proposed control architecture based on open and standard SDN APIs, which incorporates network slicing for multi-layer transport networks and enables real-time access to normalized data, facilitating autonomous network operation.H2020 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions (IoTalentum, Grant 953442)Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (grants 101092766, 957403)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades / Agencia Estatal de Investigación (Proyecto PID2020-112675RB-C42 financiado por MICIU/AEI/10.13039/501100011033

The role of microwave absorption capacity and water mobility in the microwave treatment of grain vs. flour: Impact on the treated flour characteristics

Producción CientíficaFour alternative crops (amaranth, buckwheat, quinoa, and sorghum) were subjected to microwave-assisted heat-moisture treatment (MWT) under identical conditions (100 °C for 30 min at 25% moisture content) in two different forms (grain and flour). The effects of MWT on the microstructure, thermal properties, and techno-functional properties of the resulting flours were evaluated. The microwave absorption capacity and water mobility in flours and grains during heating were also determined to explain the different impacts of MWT depending on the matrix and its form. The results revealed that the microwave absorption capacity was comparable for all the samples, with water being the primary microwave-absorbing component. However, a different mobility and distribution of water during heating were observed for grains and flour and among matrices, leading to variations in the properties measured. The matrix, the form of treatment, and their interaction significantly influenced most of the analysed properties. MWT resulted in disruption of the native structure with partial fusion and loss of integrity of constituents, reduction in gelatinisation enthalpy, increase in the extent of amylopectin retrogradation, increase in water absorption capacity, and decrease in emulsifying capacity. The water absorption index and water solubility index showed increments or decrements depending on the matrix and the form of treatment. Moreover, the MWT of grain proved effective in limiting the colour change observed in the MWT of flour while enhancing the water absorption capacity. These findings highlight the importance of controlling not only the MWT conditions, but also the form of the matrix, as this influences the mobility of water and the final flour properties.Ministerio de Ciencia e Innovación (PID2019-110809RB-I00, EQC2021-006985-P)Ministerio de Ciencia, Innovación y Universidades (PID2023-153330OB-I00)Junta de Castilla y León/FEDER (VA195P20, CLU 2019–04

El Ploma 2. Cabaret crítico contra una sociedad hipócrita. Rompiendo roles de género desde 1980

Ploma 2, un grupo musical sin precedentes e injustamente poco reconocido es un perfecto ejemplo de lo que debe ser el kabaret: sexo, sociopolítica y entretenimiento. Su espectáculo tiene bastante de queercore en cuanto a la negación de las identidades y la destrucción del status quo. Al recorrer la temática LGTB de la música española durante los 80 y 90 es imprescindible hacerles mención ya que nadie se atrevió a tanto como estas pioneras queers valencianas. Nos centraremos en las letras de sus canciones como reflejo de un activismo transversal para reivindicarlas como el primer grupo pre-queer español