The GABAergic Septohippocampal pathway is directly involved in internal processes related to operant reward learning.

We studied the role of γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA)ergic septohippocampal projections in medial septum (MS) self-stimulation of behaving mice. Self-stimulation was evoked in wild-type (WT) mice using instrumental conditioning procedures and in J20 mutant mice, a type of mouse with a significant deficit in GABAergic septohippocampal projections. J20 mice showed a significant modification in hippocampal activities, including a different response for input/output curves and the paired-pulse test, a larger long-term potentiation (LTP), and a delayed acquisition and lower performance in the MS self-stimulation task. LTP evoked at the CA3-CA1 synapse further decreased self-stimulation performance in J20, but not in WT, mice. MS self-stimulation evoked a decrease in the amplitude of field excitatory postsynaptic potentials (fEPSPs) at the CA3-CA1 synapse in WT, but not in J20, mice. This self-stimulation-dependent decrease in the amplitude of fEPSPs was also observed in the presence of another positive reinforcer (food collected during an operant task) and was canceled by the local administration of an antibody-inhibiting glutamate decarboxylase 65 (GAD65). LTP evoked in the GAD65Ab-treated group was also larger than in controls. The hippocampus has a different susceptibility to septal GABAergic inputs depending on ongoing cognitive processes, and the GABAergic septohippocampal pathway is involved in consummatory processes related to operant rewards

Pintoras de provincias, pintoras olvidadas. Las artistas en el Alicante del primer tercio del siglo XX (1894-1931)

Resumen: Las artistas en el Alicante del primer tercio del siglo XX (1894-1931): En la última década ciertas investigaciones han puesto de manifiesto la necesidad de estudiar la figura de la mujer artista en España a lo largo de los siglos. Estos trabajos centran su atención en las grandes ciudades como centros culturales donde la presencia de artistas fue mayor que en las zonas provinciales. No obstante, en las urbes de menor tamaño también surgieron pintoras que encontraron dificultades iguales o incluso mayores que las mujeres que trabajaron en los grandes centros de producción artística. En este artículo exponemos los ejemplos de cinco pintoras de Alicante que vivieron situaciones dispares y que con el paso del tiempo fueron olvidadas. Asimismo, proponemos el estudio de la prensa del momento como herramienta que nos permita aproximarnos al conocimiento sobre el posicionamiento de la sociedad alicantina respecto a las artistas y esbozar los motivos por los que estas pintoras no alcanzaron la fama en su época. Abstract: Women artists in Alicante in the first third of the XXth century (1894-1931): In the last decade some researchers have revealed the need to study the female artist in Spain throughout the centuries. These works are focused on the cultural centers where the presence of women artists was higher than in provincial areas. However, there were also women painters in smaller cities, who found the same or greater difficulties than women who worked in the great centers of artistic production. In this paper we present five examples of women painters who worked in Alicante (Spain), who lived disparate situations and were forgotten. We also propose the study of the newspapers at this time as a tool that allows us to approach the knowledge about the position of the society concerning women artists in order to find out the reasons why these female painters did not achieve fame

Écrits féminins catalans: bilan et perspectives

Écrits féminins catalans: bilan et perspective

Myorcardial injury in 5 years old child with COVID-19 suspected

Myorcardial injury in 5 years old child with COVID-19 suspecte

Resolución de problemas insight: Propuesta de un método analítico útil para la enseñanza

Enseñar deliberadamente destrezas creativas es difícil porque se convierten en analíticas o reproductivas para el alumnado en la siguiente tarea. El presente trabajo exploratorio tuvo como objeto proponer al profesorado un método para utilizar los problemas creativos de tipo insight en la instrucción. La propuesta se basa en métodos analíticos para facilitar al alumnado la generación de inferencias necesarias para la solución de este tipo de problemas, y también a relacionar las ideas, inferenciales y del enunciado, mediante el razonamiento lógico. Varios expertos generaron y consensuaron inferencias necesarias durante la resolución de algunos problemas insight. Luego, estas inferencias y las ideas del enunciado se relacionaron entre sí usando reglas lógicas. También se diseñaron rúbricas cuyos niveles se basan en la capacidad del alumnado para realizar, o no, ciertos procesos mentales determinados mediante las resoluciones analíticas. Estas rúbricas fueron validadas tentativamente con una muestra de 127 estudiantes de secundaria en 8º y 11º grados. Su uso permitió valorar sus avances y obstáculos específicos en aspectos como la descomposición de unidades o la relajación de restricciones, típicas de estos problemas insight, así como comparar entre cursos. Deliberately teaching creative skills is challenging because they become analytical or reproductive for students in the following task. This exploratory work aimed to propose a method for teachers to use insight-based creative problems in instruction. The proposal is based on analytical methods to help students generate the inferences needed to solve this type of problem, as well as to relate the ideas, both inferential and from the problem statement, through logical reasoning. Several experts generated and reached a consensus on the necessary inferences during the solving of some insight problems. These inferences and the ideas from the problem statements were then connected using logical rules. Rubrics were also designed, with levels based on the students' ability, or inability, to perform certain mental processes determined through analytical resolutions. These rubrics were tentatively validated with a sample of 127 secondary school students in 8th and 11th grades. Their use allowed for the evaluation of the students' progress and specific challenges in aspects such as unit decomposition or relaxation of constraints, which are typical of these insight problems, as well as comparisons between different grades

Clinical implications of aberrant anatomy of the common hepatic duct in liver surgery: a systematic review and meta‑analysis

Introduction Knowledge of anatomical variants that affect the hepatic duct (HD) are of particular clinical relevance during hepatobiliary surgical procedures. More specifically, the aberrant anatomy of the common HD is the most common anatomical variation affecting the biliary tree. Below, we describe different classifications of anatomical variants that affect this canal. According to Huang's classification, variations are determined depending on the insertion of the right posterior hepatic duct (RPHD). Materials and methods Medline, Scopus, Web of Science, Google Scholar, CINAHL, and LILACS databases were investigated until January 2024. The methodological quality was assessed with an anatomical studies assurance tool (AQUA). Pooled prevalence was estimated using a random effects model. For the subgroup analysis, Student's T-test was used. Results The prevalence rate of aberrant hepatic duct (AHD) was 15% (confidence interval [CI] of 7-22%). The first subgroup had cadavers and images. For the cadavers, the prevalence was 15.83% (CI: 11.22-18.3%), while the images had a prevalence of 22.06% (CI: 18.12-25.33%). This subgroup analysis showed no statistically significant difference between these groups (p = 0.127). The second subgroup comprised the continents where the included studies were from. In this subgroup, no statistically significant differences were found (p = 0.613). Finally, regarding the right or left laterality of the HD variant, there were no statistically significant differences (p = 0.089). Conclusion A AHD corresponds to a finding that can occur in a significant percentage of our society, which could be an accidental discovery during surgeries or present asymptomatically throughout life and be a cadaveric discovery later. We believe it is important for surgeons to have prior knowledge of the possible variants of HD to prevent possible complications during and after surgery

Worry, rumination and negative metacognitive beliefs as moderators of outcomes of Transdiagnostic group cognitive-behavioural therapy in emotional disorders

Background: Despite the relevance of cognitive processes such as rumination, worry, negative metacognitive beliefs in emotional disorders, the existing literature about how these cognitive processes moderate the effect of treatment in treatment outcomes is limited. The aim of the present study was to explore the potential moderator effect of baseline cognitive processes¿worry, rumination and negative metacognitive beliefs¿on the relationship between treatment allocation (transdiagnostic cognitive-behavioural therapy ¿TD-CBT plus treatment as usual¿TAU vs. TAU alone) and treatment outcomes (anxiety and depressive symptoms, quality of life [QoL], and functioning) in primary care patients with emotional disorders. Methods: A total of 631 participants completed scales to evaluate worry, rumination, negative metacognitive beliefs, QoL, functioning, and anxiety and depressive symptoms. Results: Worry and rumination acted as moderators on the effect of treatment for anxiety (b =− 1.25, p =.003; b =− 0.98, p =.048 respectively) and depressive symptoms (b =− 1.21, p =.017; b =− 1.34, p =.024 respectively). Individuals with higher baseline levels of worry and rumination obtained a greater reduction in emotional symptoms from the addition TD-CBT to TAU. Negative metacognitive beliefs were not a significant moderator of any treatment outcome. Limitations: The study assesses cognitive processes over a relatively short period of time and uses self-reported instruments. In addition, it only includes individuals with mild or moderate anxiety or depressive disorders, which limits generalization to other populations. Conclusions: These results underscore the generalization of the TD-CBT to individuals with emotional disorders in primary care with different cognitive profiles, especially those with high levels of worry and rumination

L'entramès de mestre Vicent: resplandor de la autoridad del predicador

El presente artículo aborda múltiples aspectos, algunos inéditos, referentes a l'entramès de Mestre Vicent. Entre los objetivos del estudio descuella la reconstrucción virtual y documentada de aquel carro que, quizá albergando la primera representación de Vicent Ferrer, desfiló en Valencia a finales de 1414 con ocasión de la entrada real de Fernando I. Otras cuestiones de especial relevancia atañen a la autoría del programa iconográfico y al proselitismo que denotaba aquella estructura, cuyos máximos beneficiarios fueron el Trastámara y la propia ciudad. Metodológicamente, se subraya la complejidad que entraña ceñir la interpretación del entremés amparada exclusivamente en la literatura, máxime cuando los otros vértices del triángulo de expresión medieval, oralidad y figuración, arrojan luz propia respecto al objeto de estudio. ----- This article deals with many aspects -some of them unpublished- referring to l'entramès de Mestre Vicent. Among the main aims of the study is, the detailed and documented virtual reconstruction of the carriage that, perhaps bearing the first representation of Vincent Ferrer, paraded in Valencia at the end of 1414 at the time of Fernando I's Royal Entry. Other issues of special significance concern the authorship of the iconography and the proselytism denoted by that structure, whose greatest beneficiaries were the Trastámaras and the city itself. Methodologically, the complexity of exclusively basing the interpretation of 'l'entramès' on literature is emphasized, particularly since the other vertices of the triangle of medieval expression, orality and figuration, shed their own light on the object of stud

The role of neuroticism in predicting psychological harassment in nursing: a longitudinal study

Psychological harassment is a serious occupational risk for nurses, but little is known about its related factors and possible predictors. The objective of the present study was to investigate whether nursing students' neuroticism trait and coping styles can predict psychological harassment at work when they later become nurses. A non-experimental, longitudinal, three-wave prospective study with a time lag of 6 years was carried out, following nursing students from three Spanish universities until they joined the health labor market. The age range of the sample was 20-48 years, and the mean age was 26.99 ± 5.72; the majority of the sample were women (88.5%). Predictor variables were neuroticism and coping styles (emotional and behavioral coping). The criterion variable was psychological harassment. To examine the model fit between the predictor and criterion variables, we conducted structural equation modelling. Results confirmed a high correlation between neuroticism and psychological harassment. In addition, a direct effect of neuroticism on psychological harassment was found; however, emotional and behavioral coping styles did not show a good fit. Proactive interventions to improve emotional self-control are needed in order to prevent negative effects of psychological harassment at work on nurses

Postal dosimetry audits for external radiation therapy

Este trabajo se ha realizado dentro del marco de los proyectos de investigación del Centro Nacional de Dosimetría (CND, INGESA), centro que ofrece un servicio de soporte tecnológico especializado en la Protección Radiológica contra los efectos nocivos de las radiaciones ionizantes y que fomenta la investigación científica en el campo específico de los usos diagnósticos y terapéuticos de las radiaciones ionizantes.El sistema dosimétrico utilizado está compuesto por dosímetros nanoDot™ y un lector microSTAR-ii de Landauer (Glenwood, Illinois). Se ha establecido un procedimiento óptimo de lectura y se han determinado las siguientes características dosimétricas: factor de corrección de sensibilidad individual, pérdida de señal por lectura, reproducibilidad de la lectura, pérdida de señal con el tiempo, falta de linealidad en la respuesta con la dosis, dependencia energética en el rango de interés e influencia del soporte del dosímetro. Se presentan los resultados de la cuantificación de los factores de corrección que deben aplicarse a las medidas con el sistema dosimétrico empleado cuando se utiliza en la medida de la dosis absorbida en agua para haces de fotones de radioterapia. El coeficiente de calibración del sistema se ha determinado en cada sesión de lectura mediante la irradiación de estándares en un laboratorio secundario de calibración dosimétrica y la incertidumbre alcanzada en la medida de la dosis absorbida en agua ha sido del 1.6 % (k = 1). Se ha propuesto un ejercicio de auditoría empleando dosímetros nanoDot™ colocados en un maniquí de agua. Para ello se ha diseñado un soporte cilíndrico de PMMA compatible con la mayoría de soportes comerciales para cámaras tipo Roos. La tolerancia de paso del ejercicio se ha establecido en un 5 % para la diferencia entre la dosis declarada y la dosis medida. Se ha implementado un enfoque de niveles de acción en dos fases, considerando un resultado óptimo para diferencias inferiores al 2.2 %. Se presenta un estudio piloto a nivel nacional para el establecimiento de un programa de auditoría básica, es decir, una auditoría en condiciones de referencia. El estudio ha consistido en una verificación de la calibración de haces de fotones de megavoltaje de los aceleradores empleados en radioterapia donde se pudieran adoptar las condiciones de referencia (tamaño de campo de 10 cm \times 10 cm a una profundidad de 10 cm en agua). La magnitud de interés ha sido la dosis absorbida en agua. Esta auditoría es fundamental, ya que cualquier desviación a este nivel se traduce en un error sistemático en los tratamientos. Durante los últimos años se han organizado campañas anuales de ejercicios con la auditoría propuesta. La experiencia obtenida de estas campañas demuestra que el método propuesto es viable, con resultados dentro de los límites de aceptación, y con una incertidumbre comparable a la de otras organizaciones que ofrecen servicios similares. Por último, para verificar la calidad del programa de auditoría propuesto se presentan los resultados de la participación en distintos estudios ciegos y en una intercomparación.Dosimetric audits are of particular relevance in the field of radiotherapy, where high doses of radiation are used, as they help detect issues in this crucial aspect and provide support for their resolution. Optically stimulated luminescence dosimeters are a type of reliable, precise, and practical detector, widely used in point dosimetry due to their small size, high accuracy, reusability, and other advantageous properties, making them an ideal tool for use in postal dosimetric audits. This thesis proposes a methodology for the optimal implementation of luminescent dosimetry in clinical settings, emphasizing best practices to ensure precise and accurate dosimetry, in line with the recommendations of the TG-191 report by the American Association of Physicists in Medicine regarding the clinical use of luminescent dosimeters. The dosimetric system used is composed of nanoDot™ dosimeters and a microSTAR ii reader from Landauer (Glenwood, Illinois). An optimal reading procedure has been established, and the following dosimetric characteristics have been determined: individual sensitivity correction factor, depletion, reading reproducibility, fading, non-linearity in the dose-response, energy dependence within the range of interest and influence of the dosimeter holder. The results of the quantification of the correction factors that must be applied to the measurements with the dosimetric system used, when measuring the absorbed dose in water for radiotherapy photon beams, are presented. The system calibration coefficient was obtained for each reading session by irradiating standards at a Secondary Standard Dosimetry Laboratory and the uncertainty achieved in the measurement of the absorbed dose to water has been 1.6% (k = 1). An audit exercise has been proposed using nanoDot™ dosimeters placed in a water phantom. For this purpose, a cylindrical PMMA holder compatible with most commercial supports for Roos-type chambers has been designed. The passing tolerance for the exercise has been set at 5 % for the difference between the declared dose and the measured dose. A two-phase action level approach has been implemented, considering an optimal result for differences below 2.2 %. A national-level pilot study is presented for the establishment of a basic audit program, specifically an audit under reference conditions. This audit is fundamental, as any deviation at this level results in a systematic error in treatments. The study consisted of verifying the calibration of megavoltage photon beams from the accelerators used in radiotherapy, where reference conditions could be adopted (field size of 10 cm \times 10 cm at a depth of 10 cm in water). The quantity of interest was the absorbed dose in water. This audit is essential because any deviation at this level results in a systematic error in treatments. Over the past few years, annual audit exercises have been organized using the proposed method. The results of these campaigns demonstrate that the method is viable, with results within acceptable limits and an uncertainty comparable to that of other organizations offering similar services. Finally, to verify the quality of the proposed audit program, the results of participation in various blind studies and an intercomparison are presented.3 - Salut i Benesta