Refugees and Migrants: Health Policies in OECD Countries

Migration has been an integral part of society since the earliest days of civilisation. Although globally the majority (96.4%) of people still live in the country in which they were born, and only one in 30 people are migrants (3.6%) (IOM 2022a), an ever increasing number of people are on the move, and migration has steadily increased in the last five decades. This chapter reviews global migration, discusses health inequalities for migrants and offers a critical comparison of health and social care policies in OECD countries

Opioid stewardship and reversible causes of hyperactive delirium

Terminal agitation is taught as a frequently encountered and expected condition at the end of life, possibly leading to a reversible cause of delirium not being identified with subsequent and unnecessary drug dose escalation. Opioids and sedative medications are recognised as potentially reversible causes of delirium. But what if we, in all the caring we do for our patients, often assume that the building distress is due to pain and continue to increase the opioid dose—could we possibly be contributing to end-of-life delirium

International Perspectives of Neuroscience in the Youth Justice Courtroom

This edited collection will present international viewpoints on interdisciplinary problems that fall under the new and emerging field of neurojustice. The chapters will critically explore a wide range of legal problems in youth justice for children and young persons through a neuroscientific lens. This global view will be informed by analyses from academics and legal practitioners based in England and Wales, Ireland, the United States, and New Zealand. This book brings together interdisciplinary perspectives to discuss the use and relevancy of neuroscience in the youth justice courtroom, and how neuroscience is currently benefiting and impacting children and young persons in international youth justice trials. The book makes a valuable contribution to the existing literature in this field by offering a thorough examination of the intersection between these disciplines for children and young individuals at different stages of the trial process, including unfitness to plead, sentencing, and mens rea

Enhancing image security via chaotic maps, Fibonacci, Tribonacci transformations, and DWT difusion: a robust data encryption approach

In recent years, numerous image encryption schemes have been developed that demonstrate diferent levels of efectiveness in terms of robust security and real-time applications. While a few of them outperform in terms of robust security, others perform well for real-time applications where less processing time is required. Balancing these two aspects poses a challenge, aiming to achieve efcient encryption without compromising security. To address this challenge, the proposed research presents a robust data security approach for encrypting grayscale images, comprising fve key phases. The frst and second phases of the proposed encryption framework are dedicated to the generation of secret keys and the confusion stage, respectively. While the level-1, level-2, and level-2 difusions are performed in phases 3, 4, and 5, respectively, The proposed approach begins with secret key generation using chaotic maps for the initial pixel scrambling in the plaintext image, followed by employing the Fibonacci Transformation (FT) for an additional layer of pixel shufing. To enhance security, Tribonacci Transformation (TT) creates level-1 difusion in the permuted image. Level-2 difusion is introduced to further strengthen the difusion within the plaintext image, which is achieved by decomposing the difused image into eight-bit planes and implementing XOR operations with corresponding bit planes that are extracted from the key image. After that, the discrete wavelet transform (DWT) is employed to develop secondary keys. The DWT frequency subband (high-frequency sub-band) is substituted using the substitution box process. This creates further difusion (level 3 difusion) to make it difcult for an attacker to recover the plaintext image from an encrypted image. Several statistical tests, including mean square error analysis, histogram variance analysis, entropy assessment, peak signal-to-noise ratio evaluation, correlation analysis, key space evaluation, and key sensitivity analysis, demonstrate the efectiveness of the proposed work. The proposed encryption framework achieves signifcant statistical values, with entropy, correlation, energy, and histogram variance values standing at 7.999, 0.0001, 0.0156, and 6458, respectively. These results contribute to its robustness against cyberattacks. Moreover, the processing time of the proposed encryption framework is less than one second, which makes it more suitable for realworld applications. A detailed comparative analysis with the existing methods based on chaos, DWT, Tribonacci transformation (TT), and Fibonacci transformation (FT) reveals that the proposed encryption scheme outperforms the existing ones

The Effect of Surface on Knee Landing Mechanics and Muscle Activity during a single leg landing task in Recreationally Active Females

Objective: Investigate the effect of surface on frontal plane knee angle, knee moment and muscle activity. Design: Randomised cross over. Setting: University Laboratory. Methods: Twenty females performed single-leg hop-landings onto sand, grass and firm surfaces. Kinematic, kinetic and muscle activity data were obtained. Compatibility curves were used to visualise parameter estimates alongside P- values, and S-value transforms. Results: Knee angle for firm-sand (mean difference (????)̄ = -2.2°; 95% compatibility interval (CI): -4.6 to 0.28, p =0.083, s = 3.6) and firm-grass (???? ̄= -1.9; 95% CI: -4.3 to 0.5, p=0.125, S = 3) yielded < 4 bits of reputational information against the null hypothesis (H). 5 bits (p =0.025) of information against H were observed for knee moment between firm-sand (???? ̄ = 0.17 N.m/kg-1.m-1; 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.31) with similar effects for firm-grass (???? ̄ = 0.14 45 N.m/kg-1.m-1; 95% CI: -0.02 to 0.29, p =0.055, s = 4). Muscle activity across surfaces ranged 46 from almost no (s=1) reputational evidence against H (Quadriceps and Hamstrings) to 10-13 ‘bits’ against H for lateral gastrocnemius (lower on sand). Conclusions: Our study provides valuable information for practitioners of the observed effect sizes for lower-limb landing mechanics across surfaces in asymptomatic females

Chromascopic

Chromascopic 29 February - 17 March 2024 Thurs to Sun, 12-5pm Private View : Saturday 2nd March, 12-4pm This exhibition examines an exploration of colour its history and the multifarious ways in which contemporary artists have employed it to extraordinary effect. Participating artists: Frank Bowling Jane Harris Iain Davenport Imogen Wetherell Lothar Goetz Laurence Noga Mary Webb Jason Martin Mali Morris John Crossley Ben Gooding Erin Lawlo