34298 research outputs found

    The Needed Executive Actions to Address the Challenges of Artificial Intelligence

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    While various forms of artificial intelligence tools and applications have been in development for many years, it is the recent deployment of large language models (LLMs, also referred to here at "advanced AI"), such as OpenAI's ChatGPT, that has sparked both global interest and concern. Although advanced AI has recently captured public attention, other forms of AI—already in use in government and industry—also raise concerns due to their potential to inflict harm. The policy issues and recommendations below apply to currently available automated systems—with special consideration of LLM-based AI applications—and with an eye to other forms of advanced AI on the horizon.President Joe Biden should address the challenges and opportunities of AI with an immediate executive order to implement the Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights and establish other safeguards to ensure automated systems deliver on their promise to improve lives, expand opportunity, and spur discovery

    What Can Court Data Actually Tell Us About Evictions?

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    Eviction has become one of the most visible manifestations of America's housing crisis, with millions of families facing eviction each year. An abundance of evidence has detailed how eviction is more than a one-time event, but a destructive and traumatic process with lasting and negative consequences.Preventing unnecessary eviction requires better understanding of eviction—including its causes, consequences, and how families navigate the eviction process in the United States. In this report, we explore the primary data source on evictions—the court records generated from eviction lawsuits—and shed light on what information eviction court records can, and just as importantly, cannot tell us about eviction in the United States

    Public Development Banks and Philanthropies: No Longer Strangers

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    This paper explores the potential opportunities for collaboration between the PublicDevelopment Banks (PDBs) and philanthropies, highlighting how a well-designed blendedfinance framework can align both types of actors and scale up climate investments inemerging economies. It also defines challenges in creating effective synergies betweenthese two development finance actors

    Advancing ECE Workforce Compensation and Equity: Key Conditions for a National Lead Teacher Certification

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    This national study of more than 4400 stakeholders in early childhood education (ECE) indicates a strong demand for addressing compensation and equity issues in the field as first steps toward a national lead teacher certification (NLTC).Compensation. Interviewees believed that addressing compensation concerns for all early childhood educators was necessary not only to facilitate the conditions for an eventual NLTC, but also to tackle existing inequities within the field. The low perceived value of a certification without accompanying assurances of increased compensation and other benefits was also raised. Equity. Nearly all participants expressed concerns related to equity, particularly regarding equitable access, support and outcomes associated with an NLTC. Stakeholders raised questions about the potential effects of an NLTC in a field characterized by systemic racism and existing structural barriers.

    Poultry welfare: Prof. Zulkifli Idrus in conversation with Clive Phillips

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    Clive Phillips was Australia's first Professor of Animal Welfare, at the University of Queensland, and has written widely on the welfare of farm, zoo and companion animals. In 2022 he conducted a series of recorded dialogues (Conversations With Clive) with senior animal welfare scientists and academic experts, including poultry welfare expert Prof. Zulkifli Idrus - at the University of Putra, Malaysia.These dialogues are aimed at upskilling organizations concerned with farm animal welfare, helping them gain a more nuanced understanding of welfare issues from academics with deep knowledge of animal agriculture systems and direct experience of practices. Relevant academic publications and references are included at the end of the recording.Key topics of the 40-minute conversation from August 2023: 1) Clive introduces Zulkifli Idrus. 2) Red Junglefowl are the ancestors of modern chicken breeds. 3) Tonic immobility tests show modern commercial chicken breeds are less fearful than Junglefowl. 4) Biggest problems to broiler (meat) chicken welfare - rapid growth, leg and skin problems. 5) Cardiovascular problems and sudden-death syndrome. 6) Skin problems - contact dermatitis with breast, foot-pad and upper leg (hock) injuries. 7) Feed restriction methods to manage rapid growth rate in hot climates. 8) Harvesting and transportation issues. 9) Nutritional supplements such as probiotics and prebiotics to improve gut health. 10) Heat stress mitigation and future challenges with climate change. 11) Welfare issues concerning stocking densities and litter quality. 12) Welfare of layer chickens and other poultry. 13) Final comments

    Türkiye Earthquake Response Rapid Needs Assessment in Ad?yaman, Gaziantep, and Kahramanmara?

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    In the early hours of February 6, a record-breaking earthquake struck Türkiye's Pazarc?k district in Kahramanmara?. Registering a 7.8 on the Richter scale, the deadly tremor was felt as far away as Egypt and Cyprus.Within hours, a second earthquake of 7.5 magnitude hit Elbistan, Kahramanmara?. i Thousands of aftershocks followed in the subsequent days and weeks, including several of magnitudes greater than 5.5—escalating the devastation and hindering search and rescue efforts to free the thousands of people trapped among the nearly 200,000 buildings that collapsed or were severely damaged.Almost a month since the initial earthquake, the United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) estimates more than 5 million people have been impacted, a large portion of whom will continue to need assistance in the coming weeks and months.vii About 750,000 on both sides of the Turkish-Syrian border are believed to be taking refuge in tents, makeshift shelters, or the remnants of destroyed buildings.viii This includes internally displaced populations in northern Syria and thousands of Syrian refugees living in southern Türkiye. Among these highly vulnerable groups are children orphaned or separated from their families by the earthquakes.ix The current situation, coupled with the likelihood that it will take months, if not years, for impacted communities to recover means that significant needs for a coordinated, targeted, and robust intervention across several sectors, including health, mental health and protection services (MHPSS), non-food item (NFI), protection, shelter, and water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH)

    2023 Türkiye & Syria Earthquakes Response Situation Report #1

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    On February 6, 2023, at 4:17 a.m. local time, a magnitude 7.8 earthquake hit near Gaziantep, Türkiye. A separate 7.7-magnitude earthquake along the same fault line struck southeastern Türkiye about nine hours later on Monday afternoon. The back-to-back earthquakes were some of the most powerful earthquakes ever recorded in Türkiye and were felt as far away as Egypt and Lebanon. More than two dozen aftershocks have rocked the region, creating unstable conditions for rescuers and survivors.At last count, more than 2,300 people have been killed, 5,000 are injured, and thousands of buildings have collapsed in Türkiye and Syria

    Leveraging the Developmental Science of Adolescence to Promote Youth Engagement in Research and Evaluation: A Guide for Funders

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    Effective, strategic, meaningful youth engagement has the greatest potential for success. Funders and youth allies who engage in the necessary planning prior to implementation have the greatest chance of working with youth in a way that best serves young people, programs, and organizations, and maximizes the potential for meaningful social change. This guide provides a tool to evaluate the developmental appropriateness of youth-engaged research and evaluation strategies

    Securing the 2024 Election: Recommendations for Federal, State, and Local Officials

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    What are the gravest threats to the security and integrity of U.S. elections? Over the past decade, the answer to that question has evolved. In addition to foreign cyberattacks and influence campaigns, dangers such as intimidation of election workers and conspiracy theorists assuming election administration positions now put U.S. democracy at risk. In the lead-up to the next presidential election, the United States must adjust to this changed landscape and ensure that the democratic process is protected when the nation goes to the polls

    Racial and Ethnic Disparities in K-16 Education in Rhode Island

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    Racial and ethnic disparities have existed in the United States and Rhode Island from its founding. Removal of Native Americans, several centuries of slavery, a century of Jim Crow laws, and residential segregation created large gaps in academic access and attainment for Students of Color. While policies that created segregated schools ended decades ago, America and Rhode Island have yet to see a truly integrated educational system that produces high-quality educational opportunities for all.In the U.S., Black and Latino students have become increasingly segregated from white students over the last 30 years. Black and Latino students generally attend schools in which students are disproportionately Students of Color and high-poverty, while white students attend schools in which students are disproportionately white and low-poverty.Students in schools with high concentrations of low-income students and Students of Color have unequal educational opportunities when compared with the educational opportunities available to students who attend schools that are more diverse or that have mostly higher-income or predominantly white students because the schools they attend have more absences, lower graduation rates, teachers who have less classroom experience, and more teachers who are teaching outside their subject area of expertise

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