Development of food literacy in children and adolescents: implications for the design of strategies to promote healthier and more sustainable diets

Revue.International audienceFood literacy has emerged as a key individual trait to promote the transformation of food systems toward healthy and sustainable diets. Childhood and adolescence are key periods for establishing the foundations of eating habits. Different food literacy competencies are acquired as children develop different cognitive abilities, skills, and experiences, contributing to the development of critical tools that allow them to navigate a complex food system. Thus, the design and implementation of programs to support the development of food literacy from early childhood can contribute to healthier and more sustainable eating habits. In this context, the aim of the present narrative review is to provide an in-depth description of how different food literacy competencies are developed in childhood and adolescence, integrating the extensive body of evidence on cognitive, social, and food-related development. Implications for the development of multisectoral strategies to target the multidimensional nature of food literacy and promote the development of the 3 types of competencies (relational, functional, and critical) are discussed

Willingness for more vegetarian meals in school canteens: Associations with family characteristics and parents’ food choice motives in a French community

International audienceThe school meal system could contribute to the transition towards more sustainable food system by promoting plant-based meals. Knowing whether parents want more vegetarian school meals for their children is a prerequisite for a successful implementation. The present study aimed to estimate the proportion of parents who would opt for more vegetarian school meals for their children and to study associations of willingness with family characteristics and food choice motives. An online survey was sent to parents whose children are registered for school canteen in Dijon (France). We collected child-level information, data on family sociodemographic characteristics, and data on dietary habits and food choice motives of the family. We examined family characteristics associated with the willingness to increase the frequency of vegetarian school meals from one meal per week to two or daily. Generalized linear models were performed. In total, 49% of parents were willing to opt for a second weekly vegetarian meal and 26% for a daily vegetarian meal for their children (n = 1261). Parents willing to opt for more vegetarian meal were more likely to have higher education, be flexitarian or vegetarian and to currently opt for pork-free meals for their children, and their children attended the school canteen less frequently. Environmental motives were positively associated with the willing to opt for a second weekly vegetarian meal; familiarity and sensory appeal motives were negatively associated. Health and animal welfare motives were positively associated with the willing to opt for a daily vegetarian meal and sensory appeal was negatively associated. Increasing the frequency of vegetarian school meals would satisfy a demand expressed by parents but must be accompanied by interventions enhancing pleasure of eating vegetarian meals

Imagerie « ultra-grand champ » d’un fundus albipunctatus découvert chez une patiente de 30 ans consultant pour héméralopie

Editorial Material.International audienc

Integrating Blockchain Technology with PKI for Secure and Interoperable Communication in 5G and Beyond Vehicular Networks

International audienceSecurity and privacy are crucial in V2X networks due to sensitive user information. Public Key Infrastructure (PKI) is widely used in C-ITS to ensure security and privacy. However, the practical implementation of PKI faces challenges in achieving seamless communication across diverse ITS projects worldwide. The absence of interoperability between PKI systems and unresolved issues in existing PKI standards hinder global adoption. Despite available security standardizations using centralized PKI technology for V2X, a universally adopted PKI-based security architecture is necessary. Furthermore, the progress made in 5G V2X technology has demonstrated significant potential for revolutionizing V2X communication in the future. Enhancing the level of trust through integration of the 5G Core Network (5GC) into the PKI security mechanism can lead to more secure and efficient V2X communication. To address these challenges, we propose a blockchain-based architecture that integrates the 5GC network with the PKI infrastructure, aiming to enhance privacy and security in 5G V2X communication. Our solution is designed to be distributed and interoperable, aligned with existing ETSI ITS PKI standard. By utilizing Hyperledger Fabric (HLF) platform, a permissioned blockchain framework, we present the architecture and conduct a comprehensive security analysis to ensure compliance with security and privacy requirements of V2X communications

Multiple molecular diagnoses in the field of intellectual disability and congenital anomalies: 3.5% of all positive cases

International audiencePurpose Wide access to clinical exome/genome sequencing (ES/GS) enables the identification of multiple molecular diagnoses (MMDs), being a long-standing but underestimated concept, defined by two or more causal loci implicated in the phenotype of an individual with a rare disease. Only few series report MMDs rates (1.8% to 7.1%). This study highlights the increasing role of MMDs in a large cohort of individuals addressed for congenital anomalies/intellectual disability (CA/ID). Methods From 2014 to 2021, our diagnostic laboratory rendered 880/2658 positive ES diagnoses for CA/ID aetiology. Exhaustive search on MMDs from ES data was performed prospectively (January 2019 to December 2021) and retrospectively (March 2014 to December 2018). Results MMDs were identified in 31/880 individuals (3.5%), responsible for distinct (9/31) or overlapping (22/31) phenotypes, and potential MMDs in 39/880 additional individuals (4.4%). Conclusion MMDs are frequent in CA/ID and remain a strong challenge. Reanalysis of positive ES data appears essential when phenotypes are partially explained by the initial diagnosis or atypically enriched overtime. Up-to-date clinical data, clinical expertise from the referring physician, strong interactions between clinicians and biologists, and increasing gene discoveries and improved ES bioinformatics tools appear all the more fundamental to enhance chances of identifying MMDs. It is essential to provide appropriate patient care and genetic counselling

« Nous ne plierons pas ». Marie Guillot : une institutrice féministe syndicaliste-révolutionnaire (1880-1934)

National audienceInstitutrice, féministe, pionnière du syndicalisme enseignant, pacifiste durant la Première Guerre mondiale, première femme à accéder en 1922 à la direction d’une centrale syndicale confédérée en tant que trésorière et responsable du « travail féminin » de la CGTU, Marie Guillot connut une ascension militante exceptionnelle au regard de la condition féminine de son époque. À l’occasion du 90e anniversaire de sa mort, ce livre propose de raviverla mémoire de cette figure oubliée de l’histoire sociale française et de rendre compte du parcours de cette institutrice bourguignonne, devenue la « Grande Marie », qui sut conjuguer engagements féministe, syndicaliste et pédagogique. Par un retour aux sources (presse, archives syndicales, archives publiques, correspondance privée), l’ouvrage retrace les combats de Marie Guillot et les replace dans leur contexte, de la France de la Belle Époque à celle de l’entre-deux-guerres, en passant par le choc du premier conflit mondial

L’évaluation des pratiques pédagogiques déployées au sein des formations alternées : quelle(s) différenciation(s) entre les organismes publics et privés ?

International audienc

Local linear convergence of proximal coordinate descent algorithm

International audienceFor composite nonsmooth optimization problems, which are "regular enough", proximal gradient descent achieves model identification after a finite number of iterations. For instance, for the Lasso, this implies that the iterates of proximal gradient descent identify the non-zeros coefficients after a finite number of steps. The identification property has been shown for various optimization algorithms, such as accelerated gradient descent, Douglas-Rachford or variance-reduced algorithms, however, results concerning coordinate descent are scarcer. Identification properties often rely on the framework of "partial smoothness", which is a powerful but technical tool. In this work, we show that partial smooth functions have a simple characterization when the nonsmooth penalty is separable. In this simplified framework, we prove that cyclic coordinate descent achieves model identification in finite time, which leads to explicit local linear convergence rates for coordinate descent. Extensive experiments on various estimators and on real datasets demonstrate that these rates match well empirical results

Reducing pest pressure and insecticide use by increasing hedgerows in the landscape

International audienceHighlights: • Insecticide use across 557 French farms that included winter wheat in their crop rotation was examined • Insecticide use increased with pest pressure and field size • Pest pressure increased as the cover of hedgerows in the landscape decreased • Increasing the landscape-scale cover of hedgerows from 1 % to 3 % halved insecticide useAbstract: Reducing pesticide use while maintaining agricultural production is a key challenge. Ecological theory predicts that landscape simplification is likely to increase insect pest outbreaks and limit their control by natural enemies, and this situation could boost insecticide use. Some studies have indeed detected that simpler landscapes were associated with higher insecticide use, but very few have demonstrated that this association is caused by landscape effects on pest abundance. Here, we analysed insecticide use and pest pressure in response to landscape simplification across 557 arable farms across France. Accounting for potentially confounding covariates, we found that lower cover of hedgerows in the landscape, but not semi natural areas, were associated with higher on-farm insecticide use. We also found that greater hedgerow coverage was associated with lower aphid pest pressure. Specifically, increasing the landscape-scale cover of hedgerows from 1 % to 3 % meant that insecticide use was halved. These findings suggest that restoring hedgerow cover at the landscape scale should be targeted in order to speed-up the ecological intensification of agriculture.Graphical abstract: https://ars.els-cdn.com/content/image/1-s2.0-S0048969724003176-ga1.jp

Onosma safaie-fari (Boraginaceae), a new species from western Iran

International audienceOnosma safaie-fari (of O. subsect. Asterotricha) is described as a new species from western Iran. Onosma safaiefariis morphologically similar to O. iranshahrii, but it is distinct in terms of the shape of sterile shoots and caulineleaves; length of fruiting calyx, shape, and width of calyx lobes; and color of the corolla. In addition, O. safaie-fariis similar to O. bisotunensis, but it is distinguished by the shape and length of lower bracts; length of the fruitingcalyx; color and length of the corolla; length of the free part of filaments; the position of filaments arising from thecorolla, and length of anthers. Onosma safaie-fari is close to O. shehbazii, but it can be distinguished from it basedon the shape and length of sterile shoots and cauline leaves, length of lower bracts, length of fruiting calyx, colorand length of the corolla, length of anthers, and the presence of a hairy nectary ring. Detailed descriptions,diagnostic characters, original photographs, illustrations, a geographical distribution map, habitat information, animage of the holotype specimen, and an identification key are presented