Les outils de patrimonialisation des biens culturels - Focus sur la marque et le droit sur l'image des domaines nationaux

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Evaluation of serum mid-infrared spectroscopy as new prognostic marker for first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy in metastatic colorectal cancer

International audienceBackground and aims: Bevacizumab-based chemotherapy is a recommended first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). Robust biomarkers with clinical practice applicability have not been identified for patients with this treatment. We aimed to evaluate the prognostic yield of serum midinfrared spectroscopy (MIRS) on patients receiving first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy for mCRC. Methods: We conducted an ancillary analysis from a multicentre prospective study (NCT00489697). All baseline serums were screened by attenuated total reflection method. Principal component analysis and unsupervised k-mean partitioning methods were performed blinded to all patients' data. Endpoints were progression-free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS). Results: From the 108 included patients, MIRS discriminated two prognostic groups. First group patients had significantly lower body mass index ( p = 0.026) and albumin levels ( p &lt; 0.001), and higher levels of angiogenic markers, lactate dehydrogenase and carcinoembryonic antigen ( p &lt; 0.001). In univariate analysis, their OS and PFS were shorter with respective medians: 17.6 vs 27.9 months ( p = 0.02) and 8.7 vs 11.3 months ( p = 0.03). In multivariate analysis, PFS was significantly shorter (HR = 1.74, p = 0.025) with a similar trend for OS (HR = 1.69, p = 0.061). Conclusion: By metabolomic fingerprinting, MIRS proves to be a promising prognostic tool for patients receiving first-line bevacizumab-based chemotherapy for mCRC.</div

Expression of FcμR by bovine mononuclear blood leukocytes

International audienceThe receptor for IgM has been identified a few years ago, but its expression by bovine mononuclear cells has not yet been studied. We used rabbit antibodies against bovine FcμR to begin to fill this gap. Anti-FcμR antibodies bound to B lymphocytes and monocytes, although less than to neutrophils. Nonclassical and intermediate monocytes (CD172a pos CD16 pos ) bound nonspecifically to rabbit antibodies, complicating analysis, but they bound more anti-FcμR antibodies than control antibodies, indicating that they also express the FcμR. They also express more C5a receptors than classical monocytes. Anti-FcμR antibodies did not bind to CD3 pos αβT lymphocytes (both CD4 pos and CD8 pos ) and γδT cells. At low temperature but not at physiological temperature, purified bovine IgM bound to all monocytes and strongly to all B cells, but hardly to CD3 pos T cells. Monocytes and B cells bound human IgA, but IgA did not compete, whereas unlabeled bovine IgM competed for binding of labeled IgM. This supports the role of the FcμR, and not the FαμR, in IgM binding. Finally, we showed that monocytes were able to ingest bacteria opsonized with serum deprived of IgG, indicating their ability to perform IgM-dependent phagocytosis. In conclusion, surface expression of FcμR by unstimulated blood leukocytes was demonstrated on B cells and monocytes, but not on T cells

DNA Damage Stress Control Is a Truncated Large T Antigen and Euchromatic Histone Lysine Methyltransferase 2–Dependent Central Feature of Merkel Cell Carcinoma

International audienceMerkel cell carcinoma (MCC) is an aggressive skin cancer with a high mortality rate. Merkel cell polyomavirus causes 80% of MCCs, encoding the viral oncogenes small T and truncated large T (tLT) antigens. These proteins impair the RB1-dependent G1/S checkpoint blockade and subvert the host cell epigenome to promote cancer. Whole-proteome analysis and proximal interactomics identified a tLT-dependent deregulation of DNA damage response (DDR). Our investigation revealed, to our knowledge, a previously unreported interaction between tLT and the histone methyltransferase EHMT2. T antigen knockdown reduced DDR protein levels and increased the levels of the DNA damage marker γH2Ax. EHMT2 normally promotes H3K9 methylation and DDR signaling. Given that inhibition of EHMT2 did not significantly change the MCC cell proteome, tLT-EHMT2 interaction could affect the DDR. With tLT, we report that EHMT2 gained DNA damage repair proximal interactors. EHMT2 inhibition rescued proliferation in MCC cells depleted for their T antigens, suggesting impaired DDR and/or lack of checkpoint efficiency. Combined tLT and EHMT2 inhibition led to altered DDR, evidenced by multiple signaling alterations. In this study, we show that tLT hijacks multiple components of the DNA damage machinery to enhance tolerance to DNA damage in MCC cells, which could explain the genetic stability of these cancers

Bridging the Semantic Gap Between Diagnostic Histopathology and Image Analysis.

International audienceWith the wider acceptance of Whole Slide Images (WSI) in histopathology domain, automatic image analysis algorithms represent a very promising solution to support pathologist's laborious tasks during the diagnosis process, to create a quantification-based second opinion and to enhance inter-observer agreement. In this context, reference vocabularies and formalization of the associated knowledge are especially needed to annotate histopathology images with labels complying with semantic standards. In this work, we elaborate a sustainable triptych able to bridge the gap between pathologists and image analysis scientists. The proposed paradigm is structured along three components: i) extracting a relevant semantic repository from the College of American Pathologists (CAP) organ-specific Cancer Checklists and associated Protocols (CC&amp;P); ii) identifying imaging formalized knowledge issued from effective histopathology imaging methods highlighted by recent Digital Pathology (DP) contests and iii) proposing a formal representation of the imaging concepts and functionalities issued from major biomedical imaging software (MATLAB, ITK, ImageJ). Since the first step i) has been the object of a recent publication of our team, this study focuses on the steps ii) and iii). Our hypothesis is that the management of available semantic resources concerning the histopathology imaging tasks associated with effective methods highlighted by the recent DP challenges will facilitate the integration of WSI in clinical routine and support new generation of DP protocols

Elevational range shifts among Bombina toad populations in the Alps in response to future climate change

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Improving the thermoelectric performance of scandium nitride thin films by implanting helium ions

International audienceIon implantation is a widely used technique to introduce defects in low-dimensional materials and tune their properties. Here, we investigate the thermoelectric properties of scandium nitride thin films implanted with helium ions, revealing a positive impact of defect engineering on thermoelectric performance. Transport properties modeling and electron microscopy provide insights on the defect distribution in the films. The electrical resistivity and Seebeck coefficient increase significantly in absolute values after implantation and partially recover upon annealing as some of the implantation-induced defects heal. The thermal conductivity decreases by 46 % post- implantation due to the formation of extended defects and nanocavities. Consequently, the thermoelectric figure of merit zT doubles for the sample annealed at 673 K. These findings highlight the potential of controlled ion implantation to enhance thermoelectric properties in thin films, paving the way for further optimization through defect engineering

Les fruits du gattilier permettent-ils de diminuer les comportements sexuels et agressifs des porcs mâles non castrés ?

International audienceCould chasteberry fruits reduce mounting and aggressive behaviors of uncastrated male pigs?Mounting and aggressive behaviors of uncastrated male pigs may lead to injuries and affect their welfare. Chasteberry (Vitex agnus castus), a shrub from Mediterranean areas, could lower the libido of males. In a previous study, we showed that uncastrated boars fed with 10g per day of chasteberry fruits powder during fattening had lower mounting behaviors and testosterone concentrations than control. However, this result was not repeated. Our aim was to evaluate if increasing doses of chasteberry fruits powder during pig fattening could reduce sexual and aggressive behaviors. A group of 28 boars were fed with 10g per animal and per day of chasteberry fruits powder from 112 days of age (60kg on average) to 135 days of age, 15g until 155 days of age and 20g until slaughtering (120kg on average). The control group of 27 boars did not receive chasteberry. Blood and saliva samples were collected at 170 days of age for testosterone and cortisol concentrations analysis. The average feed intake and daily weight gain were not different between groups. The number of aggressive behaviors was significantly lower in the group fed with chasteberry than in the control group. The number of mounting behaviors and the plasma and saliva cortisol concentrations were not different between groups. Contrary to our previous results, plasma and saliva testosterone concentrations were higher in the chasteberry compared to the control group, probably due to differences in the composition of chasteberry batches. In conclusion, feeding uncastrated male pigs with chasteberry fruits powder significantly reduced aggressive behaviors with no effect on feed intake, daily weight gain and plasma and saliva cortisol levels.Suite à l’interdiction de la castration à vif des porcelets, certains éleveurs élèvent des porcs mâles non castrés, qui expriment des comportements sexuels de chevauchement entrainant des blessures et des comportements agressifs altérant leur bien-être. Le gattilier (Vitex agnus-castus) est une plante utilisée par les moines au Moyen-âge pour son effet anaphrodisiaque. Nous avons précédemment montré que la distribution d’une dose fixe de poudre de fruits de gattilier (10g par animal et par jour) à des porcs mâles non castrés pendant l’engraissement diminuait les comportements de chevauchement, mais ce résultat n’a pas pu être répété (Vanbauce et al., JRP 2023). L’objectif de cette expérimentation était de vérifier si la distribution d’une dose croissante de gattilier au cours de l’engraissement permettait de diminuer significativement les comportements de chevauchement et d’agressivité. Pour cela, un lot de 28 porcs a reçu une dose quotidienne croissante de poudre de fruits de gattilier : 10g par porc et par jour de 112 jours d’âge (60kg en moyenne) à 135 jours d’âge, 15g jusqu’à 155 jours d’âge et 20g jusqu’à l’abattage (120kg en moyenne). Un lot témoin de 27 porcs ne recevait pas de gattilier. Nous avons suivi la consommation moyenne, le poids vif et le nombre de chevauchements et d’agressions avec 15 minutes d’observation matin et soir un jour par semaine. Des prélèvements de sang et de salive ont été réalisés à 150 jours d’âge pour mesurer les taux de testostérone et cortisol. Le nombre de bagarres était significativement plus faible dans le lot consommant le gattilier que dans le lot témoin (p&lt;0,05), le nombre de chevauchements n’était pas significativement différent. L’analyse des concentrations de testostérone et de cortisol est en cours

Pseudo-real quantum fields

International audienceWe introduce the concept of pseudo-reality for complex numbers. We show that this concept, applied to quantum fields, provides a unifying framework for two distinct approaches to pseudo-Hermitian quantum field theories. The first approach stems from analytically continuing Hermitian theories into the complex plane, while the second is based on constructing them from first principles. The pseudo-reality condition for bosonic fields resolves a long-standing problem with the formulation of gauge theories involving pseudo-Hermitian currents, sheds new light on the resolution of the so-called Hermiticity Puzzle, and leads to a consistent minimal coupling of pseudo-Hermitian quantum field theories to gravity. These results contribute significantly to the ongoing development of the first-principles construction of pseudo-Hermitian quantum field theories, including their formulation in curved spacetimes

Recent advances in formation and the quality of avian eggshells

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