Sexual violence against children and adolescents: Family abuse is seldom discussed

Sexual violence in childhood and adolescence is an extremely widespread phenomenon in France, especially for girls. It affects people from all social backgrounds. Boys are less likely to experience violence and less likely to talk about it. Girls mostly experience sexual abuse from family members or friends. Most abusers are men. One in 2 women who suffered sexual abuse as a child or adolescent, and 1 in 3 men, have spoken to someone about it. They most often confide only in family members, particularly their parents, and close intimates

Manual del encuestador de Bogotá - Encuesta de movilidad a hogares del proyecto MODURAL

This manual describes the instructions for surveyors to apply the household questionnaire survey on sustainable mobility practices in the popular outskirts of Bogotá. This survey was conducted in June and July 2022 as part of the Modural project funded by the ANR (Agence Nationale de la Recherche). Concepts are defined throughout the text as and when they are needed to understand the proposed analytical approach. A summary table of all these concepts is provided at the end of the document. The general structure of the questionnaire is also presented. Finally, the individuals considered as informants and the persons to whom each question applies are specified

Not a single meaning: Definition and evolution of singlehood in France and the United States

Singlehood appears to be an understudied topic in the social sciences, and a particularly diverse field of research. Focusing on the United States and France, this article reviews existing literature to answer three questions that are prerequisites for theorizing singlehood (1) What is singlehood? We first discuss the diversity of terms used in ordinary language to designate singles, and the different statistical measures that coexist in the scholarly literature. (2) Who and how many are single? We show that different definitions lead to different counts of the single population and discuss the driving forces behind the rise in singlehood. (3) What is new? Drawing on literature on the couple norm and the single lifestyle, we then turn to the question of the specificity of the contemporary era. In the last section, we discuss the implications for theorizing singlehood. The answers to all three questions lead us to promote a life course approach to singlehood

Migrations, Famille et Vieillissement en Martinique

L’enquête « Migrations, Famille et Vieillissement », conçue par une équipe de chercheurs de/associés à l’Ined (Institut national d’études démographiques), est la première enquête Ménage de grande ampleur spécifiquement dédiée aux départements et régions d’outre-mer (Drom). Elle analyse et mesure les mutations sociodémographiques à l’œuvre dans chacun d’entre eux (Marie, 2011). Outre les thématiques centrales que sont les migrations, le vieillissement, la famille et leurs transformations, elle aborde une série de thèmes « secondaires » tout aussi essentiels à la connaissance de ces territoires et à l’examen de leurs spécificités (pratiques linguistiques et religieuses, discriminations, état de santé, etc.). Cette enquête combine représentativité territoriale et comparabilité nationale, voire internationale. Son ambition est également politique : elle a été pensée comme un instrument d’aide à l’élaboration et à la mise en œuvre locale de politiques sociales et sanitaires adaptées. Forte des enseignements des premières éditions conduites en 2009-2010 en Martinique, Guadeloupe, Guyane et La Réunion, puis à Mayotte en 2015-2016 (Marie et al., 2017), cette enquête a été reconduite en 2020-2021 (MFV-2) dans les quatre Drom « historiques » : Guadeloupe, Martinique, Guyane et La Réunion. Le questionnaire réactualisé vise à approfondir la connaissance des dynamiques à l’œuvre dans chacun de ces territoires et des changements qui s’y sont opérés ces dix dernières années, avec l’ambition d’en donner une vision prospective

Peri-Urban Dynamics

Urban expansion beyond the city’s administrative boundaries has altered villages to a great extent. These peri-urban villages are experiencing unforeseen changes in demographic, economic, land-use, and environmental characteristics. The concept of peri-urbanization is grabbing the attention of urban planners and policymakers globally. To understand the dynamics of the peri-urban region it is crucial to examine multiple rural and urban characteristics. This book studies major changes in population, land and development with the integration of remotely sensed data and census data for 615 peri-urban villages surrounding Ahmedabad city of India. The chapters of the book are designed to cover key aspects of peri-urban change with geospatial methods. This book offers a comprehensive understanding and importance of analyzing peri-urban dynamics at the smallest spatial unit. It provides a detailed conceptual and methodological framework for the students and researchers to study peri-urbanization as well as for the policymakers to redefine the urban policies

An interdisciplinary approach of the family in East Africa: insights from past and current research

This paper presents an overview of the literature on the family in East Africa over the past several decades. The recent literature on family and kinship in this region is rather scant. Moreover it is anchored in different disciplinary approaches, each implying specific sources, methods, and geographies. While this diversity is enriching, it complicates cross-disciplinary and cross-national comparisons, slowing the identification of common trends and local specificities. As rapid social change is underway across East Africa, knowledge on new family configurations and family-related vulnerabilities is needed. One promising avenue in this regard consists in redefining the objects of analysis through an interdisciplinary lens and working at different scales

Differences in birth weight between immigrants’ and natives’ children in Europe and Australia: a LifeCycle comparative observational cohort study

Objective Research on adults has identified an immigrant health advantage, known as the ‘immigrant health paradox’, by which migrants exhibit better health outcomes than natives. Is this health advantage transferred from parents to children in the form of higher birth weight relative to children of natives? Setting Western Europe and Australia. Participants We use data from nine birth cohorts participating in the LifeCycle Project, including five studies with large samples of immigrants’ children: Etude Longitudinale Française depuis l’Enfance—France (N=12 494), the Raine Study—Australia (N=2283), Born in Bradford—UK (N=4132), Amsterdam Born Children and their Development study—Netherlands (N=4030) and the Generation R study—Netherlands (N=4877). We include male and female babies born to immigrant and native parents. Primary and secondary outcome measures The primary outcome is birth weight measured in grams. Different specifications were tested: birth weight as a continuous variable including all births (DV1), the same variable but excluding babies born with over 4500 g (DV2), low birth weight as a 0–1 binary variable (1=birth weight below 2500 g) (DV3). Results using these three measures were similar, only results using DV1 are presented. Parental migration status is measured in four categories: both parents natives, both born abroad, only mother born abroad and only father born abroad. Results Two patterns in children’s birth weight by parental migration status emerged: higher birth weight among children of immigrants in France (+12 g, p<0.10) and Australia (+40 g, p<0.10) and lower birth weight among children of immigrants in the UK (−82 g, p<0.05) and the Netherlands (−80 g and −73 g, p<0.001) compared with natives’ children. Smoking during pregnancy emerged as a mechanism explaining some of the birth weight gaps between children of immigrants and natives. Conclusion The immigrant health advantage is not universally transferred to children in the form of higher birth weight in all host countries. Further research should investigate whether this cross-national variation is due to differences in immigrant communities, social and healthcare contexts across host countries

Les retraits féminins du marché du travail : un fait social invisibilisé par la catégorie statistique de l’inactivité professionnelle

Les femmes durablement retirées du marché du travail, souvent appelées « femmes au foyer », sont peu étudiées dans le champ académique français. Cette invisibilité n’est pas sans enjeux. Elle entrave la compréhension de la stratification sociale, et perpétue des rapports sociaux de genre en niant la valeur du travail domestique. À partir des données longitudinales rétrospectives (enquête SIP 2006-1010), cet article dresse un bilan statistique des situations d’inactivité professionnelle déclarées par les hommes et les femmes et questionne ce manque d’intérêt. Nous montrons que les périodes d’inactivité professionnelle liées aux configurations familiales continuent de marquer une majorité de parcours de vie féminins, et peuvent être analysées comme un fait social. La catégorie statistique de l’inactivité professionnelle produit en partie leur invisibilité, car en plus de rendre difficile leur objectivation, elle les regroupe avec des situations aux caractéristiques très distinctes, notamment masculines

Women’s fertility and allostatic load in the post-reproductive years: An analysis of the Indonesian Family Life Survey

We know little about the effects of the reproductive health burden in contexts where unsafe abortions, miscarriages, stillbirths, and low-quality maternal care are common. The aim of this study is to investigate the use of allostatic load to understand the impact of reproductive histories on later-life health. We applied path models to the Indonesian Family Life Survey with a sample of 2,001 women aged 40+. Although number of children was not associated with allostatic load, pregnancies not ending in live birth and parenthood before age 18 were both negatively associated with health. We also identified clear cohort and educational effects and a possible rural advantage. Our contribution is twofold: we highlight the importance of reproductive histories beyond live births on women’s later-life health in a context of increasing population ageing, and we demonstrate the applicability of using allostatic load to measure health outside the Global North