Trade-off independent image watermarking using enhanced structured matrix decomposition

Image watermarking plays a vital role in providing protection from copyright violation. However, conventional watermarking techniques typically exhibit trade-offs in terms of image quality, robustness and capacity constrains. More often than not, these techniques optimize on one constrain while settling with the two other constraints. Therefore, in this paper, an enhanced saliency detection based watermarking method is proposed to simultaneously improve quality, capacity, and robustness. First, the enhanced structured matrix decomposition (E-SMD) is proposed to extract salient regions in the host image for producing a saliency mask. This mask is then applied to partition the foreground and background of the host and watermark images. Subsequently, the watermark (with the same dimension of host image) is shuffled using multiple Arnold and Logistic chaotic maps, and the resulting shuffled-watermark is embedded into the wavelet domain of the host image. Furthermore, a filtering operation is put forward to estimate the original host image so that the proposed watermarking method can also operate in blind mode. In the best case scenario, we could embed a 24-bit image as the watermark into another 24-bit image while maintaining an average SSIM of 0.9999 and achieving high robustness against commonly applied watermark attacks. Furthermore, as per our best knowledge, with high payload embedding, the significant improvement in these features (in terms of saliency, PSNR, SSIM, and NC) has not been achieved by the state-of-the-art methods. Thus, the outcomes of this research realizes a trade-off independent image watermarking method, which is a first of its kind in this domain.</p

Canadian educators' post-pandemic recovery and students’ unmet needs:who is left behind?

We investigated post-pandemic recovery in education sector employees by role in 2024. The frameworks of the job demands-resources model and ecological systems theory were employed. Canadian educators (N = 243) completed surveys exploring their mental health (well-being, resilience, recovery), intention to leave their jobs, and their perceptions of students' current and post-pandemic needs. Quantitative findings revealed educators who intended to leave their jobs had poorer levels of mental health. Also, they were not meeting their students’ needs adequately. The qualitative data showed that students with complex needs were disproportionally under-served. Theoretical, practical, and policy implications on equitable education are discussed.</p

School alumni associations in modern Australia as transcultural conduits of migrant identity:the Sri Lankan experience

The literature illustrates that there has been relatively little specific research undertaken on the ways in which pre-migration school connections might have influenced the individual or group migration experience to Australia. Such influence is evident with migrants from Sri Lanka (Ceylon), a gap that the authors have identified in previous work. This paper attempts to bridge this research space by reporting on a pilot study into how Sri Lankan school alumni associations in Australia have influenced the migration experiences of individuals now living in Australia. Data for the study was generated via surveys and interviews with members of alumni organisations. Findings suggest that Sri Lankan school alumni associations can be important drivers and facilitators of both the act of migration and the process of migrant adjustment. They work as conduits enabling their members to remain connected to their ancestral roots in Sri Lanka whilst embedding themselves in modern Australian society.</p

Revisiting ABC Transporters and Their Clinical Significance in Glioblastoma

Background: The multiple drug-resistant phenomenon has long since plagued the effectiveness of various chemotherapies used in the treatment of patients with glioblastoma (GBM), which is still incurable to this day. ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters function as drug transporters and have been touted to be the main culprits in developing resistance to xenobiotic drugs in GBM. Methods: This review systematically analyzed the efficacy of ABC transporters against various anticancer drugs from 16 studies identified from five databases (PubMed, Medline, Embase, Scopus, and ScienceDirect). Results: Inhibition of ABC transporters, especially ABCB1, improved drug efficacies. Staple GBM phenotypes, such as GBM stem cells and increased activation of the PI3K/Akt/NF-κB pathway, have been implicated in the expression of several ABC transporters. Using the datasets in The Cancer Genome Atlas and Gene Expression Omnibus, we found upregulated ABC transporters that either negatively impacted survival in univariate analyses (ABCA1, ABCA13, ABCB9, ABCD4) or were independent negative prognosis factors for patients with GBM (ABCA13, ABCB9). Our multivariate analysis further demonstrated three ABC transporters, ABCA13 (Hazard Ratio (HR) = 1.31, p = 0.017), ABCB9 (HR = 1.26, p = 0.03), and ABCB5 (HR = 0.77, p = 0.016), with the administration of alkylating agents (HR = 0.41, p &lt; 0.001), were independent negative prognosis factors for patients with GBM. Conclusions: These findings reinforce the important role played by ABC transporters, particularly by ABCA13, ABCB9, and ABCB1, which could be potential targets that warrant further evaluations for alternate strategies to augment the effects of existing alkylating agents and xenobiotic drugs

Securing meaningfulness in corporate social responsibility:exploring meaning-making mechanisms via economies of worth

The current literature on meaningful work has attempted to capture the dynamic interplay between individuals’ subjective perception of the meaningfulness of their work and the broader societal and cultural context, employing tensional and temporal approaches. Yet, understanding of how individuals develop their justifications for the worthiness of their work by transcending subjective and social accounts of meaningful work remains limited. To enrich the justification approach to individuals’ tensional and dynamic experiences of meaningful work, we rely on the economies of worth (EW) framework to explore how individuals engage in meaning-making within their work when its worthiness is challenged. Focusing on the experiences and meaning-making of 46 practitioners working in the corporate social responsibility (CSR) field in Vietnam, we identified three meaning-making mechanisms (prospective deferring, localizing and diverging) enacted in three morally challenging situations experienced by CSR practitioners (self vs belonging, self vs societal perceptions, and self vs external stakeholders’ changing interests). The study makes three contributions: (1) it enriches the meaning-making literature by advancing a justification approach via the EW framework; (2) it clarifies the micro-dynamics of compromise-building mechanisms at different career stages within organizational studies of the EW framework; and (3) it expands micro-CSR research by unpacking the relational tensions and meaning-making experiences of CSR practitioners.</p

Bubbles, seekers, and servers:a metaphor analysis of Jewish identity construction

Quantitative studies of contemporary Jewry have primarily focused on Jewish identity, examining the categories that differentiate Jewish self-conceptions, and their implications for belief, behavior, and belonging. In contrast, qualitative studies have deepened this understanding by exploring the process of identity construction. However, significant gaps remain in our knowledge about how identity is understood, particularly regarding how young people perceive agency and self-awareness when reflecting on their identity-related choices. Metaphor analysis offers insights into conceptual frameworks shaping attitudes and behaviors. This method is especially well suited for examining young people’s beliefs about identity construction and the ways these beliefs are expressed. In our study of young Australian Jews, participants used rich metaphors to describe their Jewish identities. Three dominant metaphors—the bubble, the seeker, and the server—capture participants’ Jewish identity, shaped by upbringing, milestones, and communal ties. By illuminating these metaphors, metaphor analysis enhances our understanding of the lived experience of identity construction. It offers a novel lens for studying how young Jews conceptualize their developing sense of self within a Jewish context