Phase diagrams of mixtures of ethyl palmitate with fatty acid ethyl esters

Keywords: Cloud point Fatty acid ethyl ester (FAEE) Ethyl palmitate Solid-liquid equilibrium Predictive UNIQUAC a b s t r a c t The cloud point is an important property of biodiesel, controlling its low temperature behaviour, especially the fluidity of the fuel. Although biodiesel is an interesting renewable energy source, data for the melting/cloud point of biodiesel or simple binary or ternary mixtures of fatty acid ethyl esters (FAEE) are still scarce in the literature, particularly for those involving ethyl esters. The phase diagrams of six binary mixtures of ethyl palmitate with saturated and unsaturated fatty acid ethyl esters were determined by Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC). The determined systems were successfully described employing the UNIQUAC model. The experimental data indicates that the cloud point is controlled by the fatty acid ethyl ester in the mixture with higher melting temperature

Polymeric Detector

Abstract The aim of this paper is to find the effect of Nd: YAG laser of wavelength (532 nm), laser power 150 MW on the CR-39 polymer. Twenty three detectors were divided in to three sets. The first set (ten detectors) (postexposed) was first exposed to alpha radiation from 241 Am source at 3MeV and then treated in air with laser at different exposure time started from 10 minutes to 100 minutes with ten minutes differ between them (alpha + laser). For the second set (ten detectors) (pre-exposed), the process was reversed (laser +alpha) under the same conditions, for the last set (three detectors) (un-exposed to laser), used as a control set, was irradiated with an alpha source (241Am). Alpha track diameters, bulk etching velocity (V B ), track etching velocity (V T ), etching efficiency (η), etching ratio (V) were determined. The activation energies of bulk etch (E B ) and track etch (E T ) for unexposed, postexposed and pre-exposed are found to be equal to 1.10, 0.92, 0.82 eV and 1.07, 0.86, 0.79 eV respectively

GABOR TRANSFORM IN QUANTUM CALCULUS AND APPLICATIONS

Abstract In this work, using the q-Jackson integral and some elements of the qharmonic analysis associated with zero order q-Bessel operator, for a fixed q ∈]0, 1[, we study the q analogue of the continuous Gabor transform associated with the q-Bessel operator of order zero. We give some q-harmonic analysis properties (a Plancherel formula, an L 2 q (R q,+ , xd q x) inversion formula, etc), and a weak uncertainty principle for it. Then, we show that the portion of the q-Bessel Gabor transform lying outside some set of finite measure cannot be arbitrarily too small. Finally, using the kernel reproducing theory, given by Saitoh [13], we give the q analogue of the practical real inversion formula for q-Bessel Gabor transform. Mathematics Subject Classification: 33D15, 42C15 (main), 44A15, 33

IMECE2008-67512 INVESTIGATION INTO BIO-AVIATION REACTION MECHANISMS USING QUANTUM MECHANICAL METHODS

ABSTRACT Using high level model chemistries the C-C and C-H bond dissociation energies for methyl butanoate molecule (MB) were estimated using the Gaussian 03 program at the CBS-QB3 level of calculations. This consequently located the weaker bonds more likely to break. Thermal decomposition of MB over the temperatures 500 to 2000 K was theoretically studied and the rate constants for these channels were calculated. Crucial reactions in combustion, among which there are reactions of the fuel molecule with flame reactive radicals OH and CH 3 , were studied and the barrier heights for reactions including different hydrogen atoms transferring to the radicals were evaluated at the B3LYP/6-31+G(d,p) level of theory. The rate constants for these reactions are calculated over the temperatures 500 to 2000 K using the same level

Prevalence and correlates of zinc deficiency in pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City

Background: Although Vietnam is a region with a plant-based diet that has a high zinc deficiency, epidemiological data showing how this affects pregnant women are limited. This study explores the prevalence of zinc deficiency and possible correlates in pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City. Methods: This was a crosssectional study conducted at a general hospital in Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam. All pregnant women who came to their first antenatal care visit from November 2011 to June 2012 were recruited. Those taking a vitamin and/or mineral supplement were excluded. Serum zinc concentrations, determined by a standard colorimetric method, of 10.7 mol/L-17.5 mol/L (70.0 g/dL-114 g/dL) were classified as normal and under 10.7 mol/L (70.0 g/dL) as zinc deficient. Results: In total, 254 pregnant women were invited and 107 (42%) participated. The mean age of participants was 29 years, and mean gestational age was 10 weeks. Median zinc concentration in serum was 13.6 mol/L, and the prevalence of zinc deficiency was 29% (95% CI=21%-39%). The daily intake of a milk product supplement was the only significant correlate of zinc deficiency of the items investigated (adjusted OR=0.40, p=0.049). Discussion: This is the first study reporting that more than 25% of pregnant Vietnamese women in Ho Chi Minh City are zinc deficient. Further academic and clinical input is needed to confirm the scale of this neglected issue and to investigate the potential of milk product supplementation in this population

Sport as a Context for Integration: Newly Arrived Immigrant Children in Sweden Drawing Sporting Experiences

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SMASIS2010-3651 ACTIVE VIBRATION ISOLATION SYSTEM USING THE PIEZOELECTRIC UNIMORPH WITH MECHANICALLY PRE-STRESSED SUBSTRATE

ABSTRACT In this paper, a pre-stressed piezoelectric unimorph made by a new fabrication method in room temperature, and an active vibration isolation system using the pre-stressed unimorph actuators are introduced. The fabricated piezoelectric unimorph, called PUMPS (piezoelectric unimorph with mechanically pre-stressed substrate), is an actuator in which actuation level is enhanced by displacement amplification mechanism that converts piezoelectric extension and contraction to large bending/pumping motion without sacrificing the actuation force. Preliminary vibration tests were performed to check the performance of PUMPS as actuators for active vibration control in a lab environment. Two feedback control schemes, the positive position feedback (PPF) and negative velocity feedback (NVF), were applied for active vibration control. Using a smart vibration isolation system with improved load capacity obtained by stacking pre-stressed piezoelectric unimorph actuators, about 10dB vibration reduction of the system was achieved near the resonant frequency region. With the preliminary vibration test results showing promising performance of PUMPS actuator in active vibration control, an integrated active vibration isolation system composed of PUMPS actuators is developed. The developed system contains compact analogue circuits and a sensor for PUMPS actuation and control, and power is supplied by Li-Polymer battery which means the system is completely standalone and portable. In addition, an integrated jitter isolation demonstration system was developed to demonstrate the degrading effect of jitter and the effectiveness of the developed integrated active vibration isolation system in improving the performance of optical payloads. Comparison of image qualities taken before and after the operation of vibration control system indicates that effective suppression of vibration disturbances can be achieved using the developed vibration isolation system with PUMPS actuators

EFFICIENT APPROACH FOR WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS TO IMPROVE LIFE TIME USING ANYCAST

Abstract-This paper describe the topic based on minimizing the delay and maximizing the lifetime of event-driven wireless sensor networks, for which events occur infrequently. In such systems, most of the energy is consumed when the radios are on, waiting for an arrival to occur. Sleep-wake scheduling is an effective mechanism to prolong the lifetime of these energy-constrained wireless sensor networks. However, sleep-wake scheduling could result in substantial delays because a transmitting node needs to wait for its next-hop relay node to wake up. An interesting line of work attempts to reduce these delays by developing any cast.-based packet forwarding schemes, where each node opportunistically forward]s a packet to the neighboring node that wakes up among multiple candidate nodes. In this paper, we first study how to optimize the any cast forwarding schemes for minimizing the expected packet-delivery delays from the sensor nodes to the sink. Based on this result, we then provide a solution to the joint control problem of how to optimally control the system parameters of the sleep-wake scheduling protocol and the any cast packet-forwarding protocol to maximize the network lifetime, subject to a constraint on the expected end to end packet-delivery delay. Our numerical results indicate that the proposed solution can outperform prior heuristic solutions in the literature, especially under the practical scenarios where there are obstructions, e.g., a lake or a mountain, in the coverage area of wireless sensor networks