Application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Merpati Putih Martial Art Practice to Develop Human’s Inner Energy

Merpati Putih is one of Indonesian traditional martial art that had been practiced since the New Mataram Kingdom but still being exist at the present. It activates inner energy based on calmness. Inner energy is a living energy from human’s cell that can be developed by anaerobic-hypoxic or breathing practice regularly. This research aims to discuss about application of First Law of Thermodynamics in Merpati Putih regular practice empirically. The applied method was based on the researchers’ own experiences as member of Merpati Putih’s practice group (Kelompok Latihan/Kolat) combined with descriptive qualitative method by observing existing researches and also mathematic calculations use First Law of Thermodynamics formulas to identify value of potential energy that can be developed by Merpati Putih regular practice. Result of the research is 50 kilograms human who practice regularly would have potential energy that can break 238 aerated concrete blocks (Hebel)

Aluminum Material as a Solution to Create Strong and Lightweight Combat Vehicles with Increased Efficiency from Fuel Savings

In the current era, combat vehicles are required for strong defense, extensive expedition, agile or nimble and lethal, with greater ability to conduct special operations. One of the problems in combat vehicles is their weight which makes a significant factor in their ability to achieve endurance with agility and speed. Some research shows that aluminum material is the solution to overcome the weight and durability of combat vehicles. Research shows how the determination of aluminum material in general can greatly save fuel when the mass is reduced from 0-15%. From this research, we hope to open people's minds, that the importance of specifying the material used for military vehicles by improving vehicle functions in terms of speed, strength, and fuel efficiency

The Effectiveness of Depleted Uranium on Penetrating Ammunition and Its Impact on Environment: a Journal Review

Nuclear technology has significantly impacted the military, especially in weaponry. Depleted Uranium (DU), a byproduct of uranium purification rich in U-238 with low radiation levels, is notably used in ammunition due to its high density. This study investigates DU's effectiveness as ammunition material compared to tungsten-based alternatives. U.S. Army report on testing involved firing DU at a 150 mm steel plate, demonstrating DU's superior penetration capabilities, with an impulse pressure of 4.6 GPa, unlike tungsten, which tended to ricochet. Despite DU's effectiveness, its use is controversial due to its radioactive properties, though less potent than natural uranium. The International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) has found no harmful radioactive activity in DU usage areas, suggesting minimal environmental impact. However, the chemical toxicity of DU poses significant health risks, especially when fragments are inhaled or ingested

Oryza sativa cv. Inpago 10 Shows Significant Drought Tolerance Differences Based on Relative Water Content (RWC) for National Food Sovereignty

Rice (Oryza sativa) is a key staple crop in Indonesia. This study focuses on using Relative Water Content (RWC) in Oryza sativa cv. Inpago 10 to deepen the understanding of drought tolerance and contribute data that supports national food sovereignty. The RWC measurement involves weighing fresh leaf samples, soaking them in distilled water for 24 hours, re-weighing them to obtain turgid weight, drying them at 60°C for 24 hours, and then measuring their dry weight. The RWC is calculated using a specific formula. The experimental design follows a Randomized Complete Block Design, with Inpago 10 subjected to drought stress and Inpago 5 serving as the control. Results show that Inpago 10 retains water more effectively during drought stress compared to Inpago 5. This research advances understanding of drought tolerance and could facilitate the development of more resilient rice varieties, thereby strengthening national food sovereignty

Comparative Study of Chlorophyll A on Several Rice Genotypes for Food Resilience Against Drought Stress

Drought stress is a major challenge in agriculture, especially in rainfed rice, which can reduce rice productivity and affect food security. This study analysed chlorophyll A levels in Inpago rice genotypes to evaluate their tolerance to drought stress. The genotypes tested included Inpago 1, Inpago 7 and Inpago 5. Chlorophyll A levels were measured using a spectrophotometer. The results showed variation in chlorophyll A levels, with Inpago 5 having the highest levels (2.73 mg/g), indicating better tolerance to drought stress. High chlorophyll A levels are associated with photosynthetic efficiency, so plants are better able to survive in dry conditions. This finding supports the importance of selecting resilient rice varieties for future food security. Genotypes with higher chlorophyll A levels, such as Inpago 5, should be prioritised in breeding programmes to improve the resilience of rice to climate change and water stress

Comparison of Lignin Degradation in Empty Oil Palm Bunches Biomass with Alkaline Pretreatment

Lignocellulose is an abundant polysaccharide component in nature and consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Lignin degradation is a key step in the processing of lignocellulosic biomass from empty oil palm fruit bunches to produce bioenergy and valuable chemicals. Alkaline pretreatment method has become an effective approach in lignin degradation. This study aims to compare alkaline pretreatment with other methods in terms of lignin degradation efficiency. The initial treatment was carried out by cooking using a bench scale reactor at a temperature of 150 oC for 30 minutes. Characteristics before and after alkaline pretreatment were analyzed using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR). The research results showed the lowest lignin content was 7.71% with alkali pretreatment using a reactor

Water Use Efficiency in Rice Cultivar Inpago 7 in The Context of Searching for Drought Tolerant for Indonesia’s National Food Security

Rice is a staple food source in Indonesia, but its production is declining due to drought stress that can hinder its growth and development. Therefore, it is necessary to identify rice varieties resistant to drought stress. This research aims to determine the efficiency of water use in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar. This research uses the method of measuring relative water content. The measurement of relative water content is done by weighing the fresh weight, turgid weight, and dry weight. The samples used are the leaves of the Inpago 7 rice cultivar and Inpago 5 rice cultivar as a positive control, with each sample undergoing two repetitions. Each leaf sample is weighed to obtain the fresh weight, and then distilled water is added and left at room temperature for 24 hours. The leaves are weighed again to obtain the turgid weight. The leaves were dried at a temperature of 60°C for 24 hours, and then the dry weight was measured. The data obtained is then correlated with the physiological responses of the leaves from each sample. The relative water content in the Inpago 5 rice cultivar is lower than the relative water content in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar and has a negative correlation with the physiological response of the leaves. The efficiency of water use in the Inpago 7 rice cultivar can be a candidate for a plant breeding program that is resistant to drought stress, which can support Indonesia's national food security

Carotenoid Content Test of Drought-Tolerant Inpago Paddy Cultivars to Support National Food Security

Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is one of the staple crops that plays a significant role in national food security in Indonesia. Rice plants require 75% water for growth, however, drought poses a major challenge in the production of cereal crops. Climate change is a contributing factor to drought conditions. Inpago cultivar is an excellent variety suitable for cultivation in dry land in Indonesia. This study examines the carotenoid content in drought-tolerant Inpago rice cultivars to support national food security. The method used was UV-Vis spectrophotometry at 470, 646, and 662 nm wavelengths. The procedures involved sample extraction, separation, measurement, and data analysis. The data obtained showed that the carotenoid content in Inpago 5 was 286.84 mg/g dry weight, Inpago 7 was 131.36 mg/g dry weight, and Inpago 10 was 139.18 mg/g dry weight. It can be concluded that rice with the Inpago 5 genotype represents a new superior variety with high drought tolerance

The Effect of Electric Current in Hard Chrome Plating Process on the Corrosion Rate of SS400 Low Carbon Steel Plate for Warships

Hard chrome plating is a technique used to protect metal from the effects of corrosion caused by the surrounding environment. The basic principle of the hard chrome plating process on metal is the reduction of chrome ions, resulting in chrome deposition on the cathode, following the principle of electrolysis. Electric current is one factor determining the quality of electroplating results. The immersion test is a correction factor for electroplating results to obtain corrosion rate values. This research used an experimental method involving one independent variable: electric current with current variations of 1 A, 2 A, 3 A, 4 A, 5 A, and 1 sample without chrome coating. In contrast, the dependent variable observed was the corrosion rate resulting from hard chrome plating. And without hard chrome plating. The controlled variable in this study was the length of soaking time for 7 days. The corrosive solution used is sodium chloride (NaCl), with a concentration of 3.5%. The research results show that the electric current resulting from hard chrome plating on SS400 steel significantly affects the results of the immersion test or corrosion rate test

Enhancing Food Security: Chlorophyll B Content in Several Rice Genotypes as an Indicator of Drought Stress Tolerance

Drought stress poses a major challenge in rice cultivation, particularly in dryland areas, as it inhibits plant growth and significantly reduces yield. Rice plants that are not drought-tolerant often suffer damage during critical growth phases, necessitating the development of rice varieties that possess resilience to drought stress to ensure food security. This study aims to identify rice genotypes with the highest chlorophyll B content, which may be more resistant to drought conditions, allowing them to be developed as superior varieties in water-scarce areas. The experiment involved measuring the highest chlorophyll B content in each test plant with three replications. Subsequently, the data were correlated with physiological traits such as leaf length, leaf count, and root length. We found that the highest chlorophyll B content was observed in the Inpago 5 rice variety, which positively correlated with leaf length, leaf width, and plant height. Therefore, chlorophyll B content can be used as an indicator of drought stress resistance in rice.