Pelita Perkebunan (Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal, CCRJ)
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    375 research outputs found

    Rooting and shooting of Coffea canephora stem cuttings in response to clonal chamber conditions and rooting hormone in Ghana

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    Mass propagation of Coffea canephora through stem cuttings using various rooting hormones and clonal chambers is an innovative practice to hasten and mass produce planting materials of coffee for commercial production. The study was conducted to determine the rooting and shooting performance of C. canephoracuttings in response to rooting hormone and the clonal chamber using semihardwood stem cuttings. The experiment was laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD) with four treatments and replicated four times. The different treatments were: cuttings treated with hormone + propagated off clonal chambercondition), control (cuttings without hormonal treatment + propagated off clonal chamber condition), cuttings treated with hormone + propagated under clonal chamber condition), and cuttings without hormonal treatment + propagated under clonal chamber condition. Data collection started on the 8 th week after propagation and data were collected on leaf number, root number, root length and mortality of cuttings for a period of ten weeks. The study indicated that, the effect of rooting hormone on the number of roots, root length and cutting mortality was significant (p 0.05) with the exception of the number of newly developed leaves. More so, the clonal chamber had a significant effect on the number of leaves, root number and root length as well as mortality (p 0.05). The cuttings treated with rooting hormone propagated under clonal chamber conditions significantly improved the number of roots, root length, number of leaves with the least mortality. However, cuttings propagated off the clonal chamber conditions had the highest mortality, least root number, least root length and least leaf number. Therefore, it is recommended that the ideal treatment for C. canephora cuttings for mass propagation is to treat cuttings with rooting hormone and propagated under clonal chamber condition

    Cocoa Farmers and Agrochemical Safety Compliance: Empirical Insights from Ghana

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    This study addresses the lack of empirical insights into the adherence of cocoa farmers to safety protocols. Specifically focused on agrochemical safety compliance, the research employs a quantitative approach and collects data from 385 cocoa farmers in the Nzema East Municipal through a structured questionnaire. The analysis utilizes mean, standard deviation, frequency, percentages, and Tobit regression models. The study finds that cocoa farmers exhibit a high level of knowledge and preparedness in agrochemical handling practices, positive agrochemical usage practices, and proper agrochemical storage practices. Cocoa farmers employ integrated pest management strategies, using diverse fertilizers, insecticides, fungicides, and herbicides to address crop health and productivity challenges. Tobit regression results showed that the extent of use of agrochemicals was significantly influenced by marital status, household size, farming experience, cooperative membership, and access to spraying machines and personal protective equipment. The research highlights the importance of integrating safety considerations into agricultural policies and practices, emphasizing the role of knowledge and awareness in influencing farmers' practices. It suggests the need for targeted interventions and educational programs to enhance agrochemical safety compliance among cocoa farmers

    Performance of cotton fabric treated with chitosan-based mordanty as affected by extraction time variations on tannin dyes produced from cocoa husk

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    Natural dyes are substances obtained from animals or plants through extraction. The application of synthetic dyes can affect to environmental problems, therefore replace it with natural dyes is become an alternative. Cocoa pod husk still considered as a waste, whereas it is one of source for natural dyes. Cacao pod husk contains flavonoids, tannins, and β-carotene compounds which is generate colour. Natural dye is extracted from the husk of the cocoa pod and applied to cotton cloth. Extraction of cocoa husk dyes was carried out with distilled water at 60˚C with variations of 1, 2, and 3 hours. The resulting extract contains positive tannins but negative β-carotene. Variations in the extraction time of natural dyes affect the tannin content extracted. The tannin content extracted with variations of 1, 2, and 3 hours was 18.32; 18.67; and 17.93 ppm. Respectively chitosan-based mordant has a significant effect on the color yield of the fabric. Fabrics with mordant have a darker color than fabrics that are not applied with mordant process. The use of nanochitosan and citric acid crosslinkers can maintain the aging color of the fabric. The FTIR results on the fabric showed that color aging occurred due to the presence of ester groups formed between chitosan and dyes. Chitosan-based mordant coating provides better color than without mordant coating. Fabrics coated with chitosan had the best fastness value of 4 (Good)

    Analysis of volatile compounds in roasted Liberica Coffee in the Philippines by gas chromatography mass spectrometry

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    The study is aimed at evaluating volatile compounds of Liberica coffee (Coffea liberica) collected from Lipa Batangas. Sample analysis was performed using Static Headspace Gas Chromatography. The roasting process also generated furans, pyridines, aldehydes ,and pyrazines potent volatile compounds in Liberica beans including unique volatile compounds including Terpinene 4-acetate (0.65%) and trans-β-Ocimene (0.47%).  Furthermore, the presence of the abovementioned compounds revealed the essential marker as Liberica coffee beans.  This finding may help to add more information with regards to the volatile compounds of Liberica Coffee

    Incentives-adoption-food security: Implications for sustainable cocoa production in Ghana.

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    This study investigates the adoption of the Cocoa Rehabilitation Programme (CRP), aiming to understand the factors influencing farmers' participation and assess the impact on food security. The research gathered quantitative data from 385 cocoa farmers in the Osino Cocoa District, Eastern region, Ghana. Mean, frequency, Tobit and ordered logit regression models were used to analyse the data. Results reveal that incentives like farm maintenance without a charge, extension access, monetary rewards regular farm monitoring and free tree-cutting strongly promote CRP adoption. Gender, age, education, and various incentives significantly influence adoption levels. The study revealed that practices like weedicide-free farming, zero burning, and efficient shade management play a substantial role in improving the food security of farmers. The paper contributes to existing literature by offering a comprehensive analysis of both monetary and non-monetary incentives, adoption patterns, and outcomes, particularly regarding food security in the context of cocoa production. The study suggests a multifaceted approach to enhance CRP efficacy and address the complex dynamics of sustainable agricultural initiatives

    Cocoa farmers’ perception regarding the effectiveness of cocoa extension services in the Bia West District, Ghana.

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    The study analysed cocoa farmers’ perception on the effectiveness of agricultural extension services in the Bia West District. Data for the study was collected from 400 cocoa farmers through a multistage sampling technique. Data was analysed using both descriptive and inferential statistics. The results reflect a prevailing awareness among the majority of cocoa farmers (over 90%) concerning the efficacy of agricultural extension agents operating in the study area. Farmers perceived a positive impact on information dissemination and timeliness (Mean=4.08), and knowledge and skills enhancement (Mean=4.03). Employing a probit model, age (1%), engagement in off-farm activities (10%), and the age of cocoa farms (1%) emerged as significant factors that influenced farmers' perception of the effectiveness of the agents. The three key challenges faced by farmers in accessing extension services included inadequate CEA visits (1st), trust issues (2nd), and communication barriers (3rd). The study recommends the critical need to intensify and sustain extension training programmes, incentivising and supporting CEAs in fostering robust relationships within farming communities, and directing policy initiatives toward bolstering investments in communication infrastructure

    Implementation evaluation of cocoa hand pollination program in Ghana

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    The study examines the Cocoa Hand Pollination Program (CHPP) and its potential to revolutionize cocoa farming in Ghana's cocoa industry. The study employed an exploratory research design, collecting primary data through structured questionnaires from 367 cocoa farmers, 159 pollinators, and 30 extension staff. Data were analyzed descriptively. The study revealed that cocoa farmers have a relatively low level of knowledge about CHPP's objectives but perceive these goals as highly important. Farmers have successfully increased cocoa yield per hectare but face challenges in boosting overall cocoa production. Farmers exhibit a good understanding of CHPP activities and consider them crucial for program success. Pollinators have successfully enhanced natural pollination but are less positive about their contributions to socioeconomic livelihood improvement and entrepreneurship skills. Extension staff perceive the program as successful in helping farmers increase yield per hectare. However, the goals of integrating hand pollination into routine GAP activities have faced challenges. The efforts and goals of CHPP are generally valued by extension administrators who are committed to the program. Organizational and community characteristics generally favoured the program, but there were inconsistencies in the timely delivery of essential tools. This study offers valuable insights into the program's challenges and opportunities, providing essential information for policymakers and researchers working to improve cocoa production, uplift farmer livelihoods, and address similar agricultural contexts. Addressing challenges, enhancing knowledge sharing, and optimizing program elements can ensure cocoa farming's long-term sustainability and success, benefiting local farmers and the cocoa industry as a whol

    In silico study of RKD4 gene function in Coffea arabica L. and various cultivated plants related to embryo formation initiation

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    Arabica coffee supplies 60% of world coffee production because has a unique taste as superior quality beverage. Arabica coffee micropropagation can be conducted by somatic embryogenesis technique which produce clonal, fast dan uniform plant. The somatic embryogenesis (SE) process describes the integration of endogenous signals and gene reprogramming, which releases signals to initiate embryogenic processes. The use of endogenous auxin, either alone or in combination with other PGRs or stress, induces differential gene expression, which modifies the genetic program of somatic cells and regulates the transition to each stage during SE development. The RKD4 gene (RWP-RK DOMAIN-4) is a gene that plays a role in early initiation embryo formation and development. The characterization of RKD4 genes in C. arabica is still limited and under explored. The objective of this research is to explore the characteristics of RKD4 gene by comparing the difference and similarity of RKD4 gene in C. arabica and other cultivated plants. The method was initiate by identifying nucleotide sequences from the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) database. Furthermore, consists of analysis of nucletide alignment, alignment of amino acid sequences, protein analysis, protein motif functions discovery, analysis of phylogenetic tree, protein 2D and 3D-modelling and physiochemical properties. According to the analysis, there were 100 polymorphism points with a total number of mutations of 211 points. The phylogenetic tree show C. arabica L. has a very close relationship with grapes (Vitis vinivera) based on the RKD4 protein, gene structures and protein motifs. There are nine highly conserved motifs found in the protein alignment. C. arabica L. had more methyl jasmonate element responses than A. thaliana. The findings are useful to understand the intitiation of embryo formation mechanisms of C. arabica L and other cultivate plants during propagation through somatic embryogenesis in the long run

    Effectiveness of antioxidants on in vitro regeneration of Musa paradisiaca var. raja to prevent browning and enhance embryo development

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    The cultivation of raja banana is widespread in Indonesia. The process of increasing banana propagation through in vitro culture encounters a specific issue, namely the occurrence of browning during the initiation stage, which hinders the regeneration process. The objective of this study is to determine the effectivenessof antioxidants on the in vitro regeneration of raja banana to prevent browning and enhance embryo development. The study was conducted using a completely randomized design with the treatment of the antioxidant compounds ascorbic acid (AS) and melatonin (MN). The treatments consisted of control (without antioxidants), ascorbic acid (100 mg L-1, 150 mg L-1, and 200 mg L-1) and melatonin (10 mg L-1, 12 mg L-1, and 14 mg L-1). The results showed that ascorbic acid and melatonin treatment had no significant effect on the percentage of viable explants and the level of browning intensity, but provided significant results on the regeneration process. The application of melatonin at 14 mg L-1 significantly increased callus regeneration. Furthermore, at a concentration of 12 mg L-1 showed the highest callus percentage value compared to other treatments. The melatonin 12 mg L-1 treatment showed the earliest scutellar embryo formation, whereas ascorbic acid at a concentration of 100 mg L-1 resulted in the most optimal regeneration of globular and scutellar embryos. The highest concentrations of ascorbic acid and melatonin inhibit the formation of coleoptilar embryo

    A comprehensive study on the livelihood implications of transitioning from cocoa to rubber plantation in Ghana

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    The study, conducted in Manso Amenfi, Western Region, Ghana, explored the livelihood implications of transitioning from cocoa to rubber plantations. Using a cross-sectional survey with 384 participants, data revealed a decline in cocoa production levels. The socioeconomic factors that influence farmers’ land use shift behaviour were age, household size, being a household head, farm size, educational level, access extension and labour availability. The knowledge factor that was ranked first as influencing farmers shift behaviour was high price of rubber while the behavioural factor was the farmers’ personal belief that rubber plantation will do well than cocoa. The farmers agreed that rubber plantation has effect on their livelihood. The study recommends interventions to make cocoa cultivation more profitable, addressing concerns like low prices, pests, diseases, and soil fertility, emphasizing the need for support from agricultural extension officers, the Ghana Cocoa Board, and the government

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    Pelita Perkebunan (Coffee and Cocoa Research Journal, CCRJ) is based in Indonesia
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