Teaching Literature with Creative Problem-Solving in the Second Trimester of Elementary School

Taking ethical literary studies (Virk 2017) into account, the article demonstrates that modern ways of teaching literature can already be used in the second trimester of elementary school. These include creative problem-solving (Žbogar 2007, 2013), flipped learning (Žbogar 2023a, 2023b), the method of solving literary problems (Žbogar 2023c), and knowledge about the neuroscience of reading (Pirtošek 2016). We demonstrate that, through contemporary methods of teaching literature, pupils can be encouraged to gain a deeper understanding of the fairy tale, ethical matters, and the competence to compare it with Dostoevsky’s The Begger Boy at Christ’s Christmas Tree by studying Hans Christian Andresen’s The Little Match Girl

THE NEED FOR COMPARABLE CORPORA IN TRANSLATION TEACHING AND LEARNING

The primary objective of this research is to catalyze the scholarly progress of translation teaching and learning within higher education institutions in Albania, specifically in the preparation of students in the field of translation theory and practice. The study aims to contribute significantly to the theory and practice of translation by emphasizing the imperative to develop comparable corpora of English-Albanian texts across diverse text types. Additionally, the research will delve into establishing a typology of translation strategies in Albania. Building upon the pioneering efforts of the researchers in previous work, which involved the translation of English and Albanian texts using linguistic, stylistic, and semantic techniques, this study also pays meticulous attention to the intricate relationship between the translation process and its resulting product. By focusing on the development of comparable corpora, this research presents a valuable opportunity to enhance both the theory and practice of utilizing bilingual corpora in the context of translation teaching, learning, and research. The outcomes of this research endeavor will provide the foundational framework for the future formulation of a streamlined pedagogical typology specifically addressing the use of comparable corpora in teaching and learning translation strategies in the English-Albanian context. This typology, once developed, will further serve as the basis for generating a series of project concepts with the overarching goal of establishing cooperative agreements. These agreements are envisioned to foster collaboration in the future with colleagues from regional and Western universities, as well as with researchers and experts in the field of translation

EVALUATION, ANALYSIS AND REPORTING AT THE BEGINNING OF THE 21ST CENTURY

The fundamental responsibilities of intelligence services, such as assessment, analysis, and reporting, have always been critical, and their importance is only increasing in the first half of the 21st century. The conflict in Ukraine underscores the necessity of precise and dependable analysis and reporting. However, this field has been significantly affected by changes and challenges arising from intelligence-sharing policies and the rapid progress of artificial intelligence. This study delves into how these factors can shape the work of intelligence and reporting in the modern intelligence community

ETHNO-CULTURAL BASES OF ANTHROPONYMS OF TURKIC PEOPLE

Anthroponyms encode information about the historical and social position of a particular ethnic group. In addition, the anthroponyms of the Uzbek people are tools containing incomparable information from a linguocultural point of view. This article emphasizes the importance of studying anthroponyms of Turkic peoples in the principles of interdisciplinary communication, the role of ethnocultural factors in anthroponyms, and the appearance of names in literary texts

LANGUAGE AND FORMATION OF NATIONAL IDENTITY: CULTURAL AND HISTORICAL ASPECT

This paper is devoted to the role of language in the formation of national identity. The author discusses the opinions of various experts from the fields of philosophy, sociology, political science and history, with a focus on the relationships among the nation, national identity and the national language. Various points of view concerning how linguistic processes and phenomena influence the formation of national ideology and self-identity are highlighted. The author analyzes how historical, political and social changes affect the linguistic and cultural aspects of nations. Special attention is given to the interaction between globalization and the preservation of linguistic and cultural diversity, as well as issues related to the integration and preservation of national uniqueness in the modern world. Ultimately, the author concludes that preserving existing linguistic and cultural diversity as a key element of maintaining and developing national identity is necessary

RIDDLES ARE KEY TO UNDERSTANDING NATIONAL CULTURE

In this article, the definitions given to riddles are given, in which the linguocultural codes that perform the basic function are discussed, and it is explained that riddles are an important stable unit that reflects the national thinking and national culture of the respective people. The stable units that serve to reveal the thinking of the nation and its uniqueness and, at the same time, embody national values are defined, and the unity of language and culture is revealed in the main linguistic and cultural codes that play a basic role in the structure of the stable units of the Uzbek language. In addition, the features of linguistic and cultural codes such as biomorphs and objects in riddles in the Uzbek language are illuminated

CHARACTERISTICS OF OFFICIAL COMMUNICATION CULTURE

The article reveals the specific features of Uzbek formal communication etiquette and describes the concept of formal speech etiquette. The Uzbek people’s culture has subjected the most important procedures and established rules of oral formal speech communication to scientific analysis. In Uzbek linguistics, various scientific sources have analyzed and commented on speech etiquette units, usage characteristics of typical examples that have become stereotyped in the Uzbek language, and the issue of their place in official communication. The Uzbek people’s culture proposes these rules as the most crucial procedures and established guidelines for oral formal communication

Morphological and Anatomical Characteristics of the Species Paliurus spina-christi

In plants and all living beings, the fundamental influence comes from ecological factors that operate simultaneously and in a complex manner. The influence of these factors is expressed in the morphological and anatomical features of the vegetative organs of plants, especially the leaves, which are among the most delicate organs where a series of adaptations occur. Although biological science today recognizes approximately 500,000 plant species, they differ from each other morphologically, anatomically, and genetically because they live in different life conditions and circumstances. Understanding the morphological‒anatomical characteristics of plants is highly important for determining their taxonomic and ecological adaptability. This connection between the morphological-anatomical structure of vegetative organs, especially leaves, and external factors has been addressed by many authors: Lakusiç (1962), Greb (1957), Pavlov (1965), Hoxha (1995), Mustafa (1995), and others. To obtain a clearer picture of the impact of ecological factors on the morphological and anatomical characteristics of vegetative organs of plants, we conducted research on the anatomical structure of leaves from different insertions: upper (E) and middle (M) of the plant species Pailurus spina Christi

APPLICATION OF ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN LANGUAGE SKILLS TESTING

The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into language testing marks a transformative shift in how we evaluate linguistic capabilities. AI-driven tools offer unparalleled precision, personalization, and innovative assessment methods, revolutionizing language assessment’s accuracy and adaptability. Through advanced algorithms and tailored approaches, AI ensures precise skill evaluation, customized testing, and individualized improvement strategies, promising a more effective language learning experience. However, alongside these advancements, ethical considerations arise concerning data privacy, algorithmic biases, and operational transparency in AI-based language testing. Striking a balance between technological innovation and ethical implications becomes paramount for harnessing AI’s potential in enhancing language skills while addressing ethical concerns. Despite these challenges, the future of language testing with AI appears promising. As AI continues to evolve, its role in language assessment is poised to revolutionize educational practices and evaluation methodologies. With a conscientious approach to ethical considerations and continuous technological development, AI holds the promise of significantly enhancing language proficiency and learning processes in the foreseeable future

CONCERNING VERBS WITH SOCIAL SEMANTICS IN THE UZBEK LANGUAGE

This paper is devoted to the analysis of verbs with social semantics in the Uzbek language; it discusses the concept of the social component and its linguistic expression, analyzes research on the topic, and provides a comparative opinion on them. Social group, social status, and social relations are discussed. The social aspect of word semantics is openly or covertly expressed in various social relationships. Additionally, with respect to speech activity verbs in the Uzbek language, the characteristics of the manifestation of the social component in them were considered. The verbs belonging to this group were divided into two subgroups according to the fact that they clearly express the subject's position in the social environment and that the subject is a higher or lower person than the addressee through the social context, and analytical examples are presented