Managerial communication as a lever for preventing psychosocial risks in organizations in times of crisis: the case of the Moroccan hospital sector [La communication managériale comme levier de prévention des risques psychosociaux dans les organisations]

Abstract. In a fast-changing world, companies are facing many upheavals and challenges. Therefore, they must adapt to the different social, economic, technological and human changes which deeply affect their methods of organization and management. As a result, employees will be required to adopt new management methods and tools in order to guarantee stability and sustainability. Although psychosocial risks constitute a real public health problem that requires global reflection on the part of both decision-makers and managers, few studies in human resource management have focused on the determinants of these risks and more particularly their protective factors. Hence, this work falls within such a context and it is conducted in the frame of a quantitative research, aiming to put into perspective the role of managerial communication in the prevention of PSR among nursing staff in Moroccan public hospitals in times of crisis.Keywords. PSR; Managerial communication; Prevention; Crisis.JEL. I10; M50; J50

Innovation Failure: Typologies for appropriate R&D management

Abstract. In markets having innovation-based competition and market turbulence, one of the fundamental problems is the high risk of failure in new innovation projects that generates negative effects on firm performance and related competitive advantage. In the field of strategic and innovation management, a vital aspect is the categorization and explanation of different failure types in innovation model and how their role can slow down or spur technological advances. The study confronts this problem here by developing a taxonomy to categorize different failures in innovation projects for technology analysis of the stages and sources of innovation failures in order to sustain strategic management to improve organizational processes in goal setting and achieving. The development of this framework is due to the lack in current literature of the innovation management of a categorization that describes the different typologies of failure in innovation projects that occur in the model of innovation. This theoretical gap generates difficulties both to communicate the specific types of innovation failure and provide fruitful feedbacks for improving strategic change in markets. Three basic types of failure in innovation projects are proposed: a) achieving-goal failure; b) planning process failure; c) execution failure. Case study research verifies proposed taxonomy in practical contexts, revealing that pharmaceutical sector is prone mainly to achieving-goal failure in innovation projects, whereas aerospace and aircraft industries are affected mainly by planning process and/or execution failure in innovative projects. This study conceives that proposed taxonomy can be used to: (1) describe what categories of failure are in-process and which are out-of-process in innovation model designed, and (2) detect the pivot stage in which failure in innovation project can origin to understand potential and current sources. The failure of innovation projects reveals the temporary bounded rationality and limits of people and organizations to solve problems in complex environments. Hence, this study seeks to provide a general theoretical framework, supported by a case study research, which may guide R&D managers, designers, analysts, etc. when a failure occurs in innovation processes  to strengthen strategic management with best practices on how to better direct organizational efforts to manage failures properly, by reducing negative effects and improving the re-design of new goal-setting  directed to maintain the strategies of firm in the right direction to pursuing competitive advantage in turbulent markets.Keywords. Innovation Failure, Failure Analysis, Innovation project, Innovation Design, Goal Failure, Monitoring, R&D Management, Task Choice, Failure Management, Organizational learning.JEL. D81, G32, O31, O32, O33

The effect of roses crops on households income in Afghanistan: Case study from Dari Noor district, Nangarhar Province

Abstract. Afghanistan is an agricultural country, employing 85% of the population. Nangarhar province is the main source of food in Afghanistan. Most of the crops are grown and consumed in the different districts of the province. This study aims to examine the impact of rose crops on household income in Dari Noor district of Nangarhar province. For this study we are uded time series data from the period of 2015 to 2018. This is the first attempt to study the impact of rose crops on household income at the country level. Both quantitative and qualitative research designs were used in this study. A sample of 300 farmers was used for the study. Primary data were collected using well-structured and planned questionnaires. Secondary data were obtained from various official sources, including Afghanistan's Ministry of Agriculture, Irrigation and Livestock, the World Bank, German Agro Action (GAA), and the International Center for Agricultural Research in Dry Areas (ICARDA). The data was analyzed using inferential statistics such as the Heteroskedasticity test, Granger causality test, Multicollinearity test, multiple regressions, and descriptive statistics. The findings of the study revealed that rose cultivation starting time, the farmer's age, the farmer's education, the farmer's training, work experience, the number of employed males, rose yields, agricultural yields, and the government policies all had a significant effect on households income. Furthermore, the number of employed females has a positive but insignificant impact on household income. These findings suggest that the Afghan government should consider using the farmer's education, working age, farmer's training,and work experience as policy tools to increase household income from rose cultivation. By using the OLS estimation method, this study contributes to the literature in Afghanistan.Keywords. Household income; Rose crops; Time series data; OLS; Afghanistan.JEL. Q11; Q47

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The ill-fated currency board proposal for Indonesia

Abstract. In February 1998 Indonesia toyed briefly with the idea of introducing a currency board system as a means of extricating itself from the Asian financial crisis. Although the then president Soeharto announced his government’s intention to implement such a system, international and domestic opposition was so vociferous that he aborted the plan. In my view this opposition was ill-informed. Moreover, it was motivated, to a considerable extent, by a desire to use the crisis to force a president widely disliked among the urban intelligentsia to discontinue some of his favoured economic policies—if not to bring about an end to his presidency—rather than giving top priority to dealing with the crisis itself. The nature of the crisis as it played out in Indonesia remains poorly understood, such that an analysis of the currency board proposal provides an opportunity to correct some misunderstandings and dispel some of the myths about this major episode in Indonesia’s modern history. In this paper I argue that in fact Soeharto’s embrace of the proposal was sensible, and that it was motivated by the desire to restore macroeconomic stability—which would have been not only to his own benefit but also that of Indonesia’s citizens.Keywords. Currency board; Proposal; Indonesia.JEL. F11; F12; F13

Multidimensions of digital inequality of the TANF population

Abstract. This study applies the multidimensional digital inequality framework to analyze the complex ways in which digital access varies among low-income populations. This research specifically examines the results of digital skills training for individuals receiving Temporary Assistance for Needy Families (TANF) benefits and how it shapes their Internet use as well as returns of use. The research shows the importance of the multidimensional nature of digital inequality, focusing on how access and use of digital technologies varies among individuals with formal digital literacy skills training. Findings from the research offer insight into the need for additional technological investments and multistakeholder engagement.Keywords. Digital inequality; Digital literacy skills; Digital technology; NorthStar assessment; TANF.JEL. I23; I24; I38; J15

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Venezuela’s tragic meltdown

Abstract. Mr. Chairman, thank you for this opportunity to express my views on “Venezuela’s Tragic Meltdown.” A great deal of the commentary on the topic is polemical, and more-or-less political and ideological self-justifications of one sort or another. In consequence, the discourse is often confused and confusing. In an attempt to bring some clarity to the topic, I will focus on the one necessary condition that must be satisfied before the Venezuelan economy can be turned around. Inflation must be stopped before stability can be established. Stability might not be everything, but everything is nothing without stability.Keywords. Currency board, dollarization, monetary reform, Venezuela.JEL. E50; E42; P21

Perceived self-efficacy and volition in the job search process among post-graduates: An exploration of employability intentions among young Cameroonians

Abstract. Socio-professional integration is today, better than in the past, a social issue, a thorny issue that worries and leaves no one indifferent. It is a problem as old as the world, but which is still outdated because so far, we have not yet managed to control it in order to reduce it. According to the National Institute of Statistics (INS, 2010), about 75,000 young people arrive on the job market each year and nearly 40% of unemployed young people are higher education graduates. This research makes it possible to postulate that perceived self-efficacy is a determining factor in the volition of the job seeker.Keywords. Perceived self-efficacy; effectiveness; economic volition; employment.JEL. B41; B53; E32; E52; E65