Journal of International Trade, Logistics and Law (JITAL - İstanbul Commerce University)
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Doctrine of Domicile as a Personal Connecting Factor in Conflict of Laws in Tanzania: An Examination of Abdalla Hamid Mohamed v. Jasnena Zaludova [1982] TZHC 14
In Tanzania, and all over the world, including Tanzania Zanzibar, courts of laws have considered domicile as an important connecting factor in the determination of various disputes brought before the court of laws in cases relating to conflict of laws, especially on issues relating to jurisdiction of the courts and capacity to marry in various marital disputes. In a most cases, the courts attempt to investigate how far and the extent to which domicile may be considered as the connecting factor in settling issues of validity of marriages or determination of divorce cases between disputants. Legal speaking, when a person files a lawsuit in a court of law relating to a conflict of laws, one of the interesting questions the court would wish to test is how the matter in question is connected or linked with the domicile of the disputant. It is on this basis that this research article discusses domicile as a personal connecting factor in conflict of laws disputes in Tanzania, with special attention to the above-stated case law, as decided by the Zanzibar courts. The decision by the Zanzibar courts, as discussed in this article, has laid a basic foundation on the domicile as the connecting factor in conflict of laws. The article further examines the extent to which domicile was considered as connecting factor by the Zanzibar courts in determining above selected case law in conflict of laws.
The Role of Interactional Justice in the Impact of Occupational Safety Perception on Organizational Change Cynicism and Unethical Behavior
Enhancing business performance, which is a significant component of sustainable competition, is a crucial issue in the realm of business. In resolving this issue, identifying and optimizing elements that reduce job performance are considered to play a pivotal role. The perception of occupational safety is a precursor to many factors that affect employee performance. It is believed that reducing this perception, which is deemed to influence negative behaviors such as cynicism and unethical conduct, can positively impact employee performance. Interactional justice is considered to play a significant role in mitigating these adverse factors. In this context, a study was conducted on healthcare workers in Antalya province (n=160). This study evaluated the impact of occupational safety perception on cynicism and unethical behavior and the role of interactional justice in this relationship. The research conducted in private hospitals in the healthcare sector revealed that the perception of occupational safety has not significant effects on employees' cynicism but has a negative effect on unethical behavior, and interactional justice plays a moderating role in these relationships
Pricing-Supply Chain Issues of Staple Food Crops in Rural-Urban Tanzania
The current study explores the effect of supply chain issues (SCIs) on the market prices of staple food crops in rural-urban Tanzania using a cross-sectional questionnaire survey and simple random sampling. Data were sourced from 313 farmers and traders of staple food crops from five regions in rural and urban markets within Tanzania. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and marginal effect based on a binary logit model were used for data analysis. The results revealed that SCIs do not offer an equal and uniform effect on market prices of staple food crops. Specifically, deficient SC infrastructure, inflated farming costs, SC and logistics costs and an indirect distribution strategy demonstrated a significant positive effect on market prices of staple food crops. Conversely, intensive competition within agricultural SC and the bullwhip effect had a significantly negative influence. Towards stabilizing the market prices of staple food crops, the authors recommend centralizing market demand and supply information among farmers and traders, thereby eliminating the use of intermediaries by establishing and joining farmers’ associations and cooperative societies. Also, to make transportation and distribution of staple food crops easier and more cost-effective, local governments should take streamlined measures to improve road conditions, especially in rural areas where farming mostly takes place. While previous studies address the causes of fluctuation in market prices of agricultural products from climatic, economic and legal perspectives, this study contributes to a better understanding of the causes of variations in market prices of staple food crops from SC perspective in rural-urban Tanzania
Enhancing Supply Chain Integration and Performance through Information and Communication Technology
While the significance of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) adoption in business operations has been steadily growing, its impact on supply chain integration (SCI) and supply chain performance (SCP) remains unclear in the existing body of literature. This paper seeks to evaluate the influence of ICT adoption on SCI and SCP, delving into the presence of mediator and moderator variables. Using survey data collected from 259 participants in the dairy supply chain in Iringa, Tanzania, this quantitative study employs structural equation modeling to examine the impact of ICT adoption on SCI and performance, as well as to explore the role of SCI as a mediating factor and the moderating effect of age, gender, skills, and education level. The findings indicate that ICT adoption has no significant direct impact on SCP, as this relationship is entirely mediated by the three levels of SCI (SI, II, and CI), revealing how this connection is influenced by skills and education level. The study offers a comprehensive exploration of ICT adoption within the context of food processing supply chain performance, demonstrating how companies can harness the benefits of ICT adoption through SCI. It also underscores that ICT adoption alone does not enhance S CP; rather it is in tandem with a stable SCI that such improvements can be realized
Transparency and Procurement Performance in Local Government Institutions in Uganda
A critical necessity for effective competitive selection is that the procurement process must be clear and visible to all stakeholders. This transparency is crucial as it fosters confidence among potential bidders across different levels, ultimately enhancing procurement performance. This research aimed to assess how transparency impacts the procurement performance of local government institutions. The study utilized a case study design and employed purposive and simple random sampling methods to select 80 respondents from Moyo District Local Government (MDLG). Qualitative data was analyzed through content analysis, while quantitative data was assessed using descriptive statistics and a multiple regression model. Findings indicated that publication of procurement plan and budget was significant to at β=0.258, P<0.05. Access to key procurement information was significant at β=0.193, p<0.05. Open communication was also significant at β=0.169, p<0.05. The study concluded that ensuring transparency while conducting procurement processes improves performance in terms of cost optimization and purchase of quality products which are delivered on time. The study recommended MDLG to provide timely and sufficient information to the public and other stakeholders most especially about upcoming contracts and status of ongoing procurement processes through publication on public notice boards and online government procurement portals for easy accessibility
Understanding the Cognitive Dissonance on Women Post-Purchase Behavior
Consumer behavior study has become relevant in the present marketing and sociology studies. Several characteristics, specificities, and factors influence the customer, especially the woman in her decision-making process, preferences, buying behavior, the products she buys, and the stores or retailers where she goes. In addition, the cognitive dissonance theory is mostly used to explain consumer behavior, focusing on the dilemmas faced during various stages of purchasing behavior. Hence, the study aims to investigate the state of cognitive dissonance after a buying decision was made for Tunisian women. Specifically, it provides an overview of the decision-making patterns of women and the stage of their reaction after the buying process according to their psychographic, socioeconomic, and behavioral characteristics. For this research, a quantitative survey was used as a method to collect primary data in Tunisia from 402 women. This questionnaire was conducted among the women who had recently purchased a luxury apparel product. A multidimensional scale was used to measure the magnitude of dissonance for females, besides two other constructs were additionally added which are the impulsive buying and the purchasing decision involvement. The results show that there is no significant difference in the levels of cognitive dissonance due to demographic factors such as age, marital status, and employee status for all women, while it had a positive bearing on emotional dissonance amongst all women. There is also no significant effect for the impulse buying and the purchase decision on post-purchase dissonance. The findings of this research indicate that most of the women were satisfied with their last purchases and therefore, the level of cognitive dissonance is low. Hence, one key aim of this research is to demonstrate the harmony within cognitive and behavioral systems that can be adjudged as a part of the human condition
Workplace Environment of Job Satisfaction for Procurement Professionals in the Private Sector of Tanzania
The dynamics influencing employees' job satisfaction (EJS) exhibit considerable variations across sectors and professions. The current study investigates the workplace environment of job satisfaction for procurement professionals, with specific insights from the private sector in Tanzania. A cross-sectional questionnaire survey and a simple random sampling approach were utilised for data collection from 427 procurement professionals across the five districts of the Dar es Salaam region of Tanzania. The study findings demonstrated high and moderate satisfaction with the social and physical work environments among procurement professionals. However, notable concerns emerged regarding unmanageable workloads, unhealthy work-life balance, lack of support for career development, unharmonised salary structures, inefficient performance management systems, and lack of autonomy and inclusive decision-making systems. Other issues include delays in salary payments, lack of promotion and growth opportunities, a disconnect between responsibilities and procurement skills, and unfair termination of employment. The study findings provide adequate evidence to assert that the work environment in the surveyed private organizations is not conducive. This is supported by the fact that 60.43% and 60.42% of the surveyed procurement professionals expressed dissatisfaction with their work environment and jobs, respectively. Subsequently, the study offers valuable insights for managers and policymakers, enabling them to formulate targeted strategies to enhance job satisfaction, overall well-being, and productivity of workforces in the private sector
Between Valuation and Monetization of Efficiency in Economic Analysis of Law: Is It Possible?
This paper aims to show the basic idea of efficiency in economic analysis of law (EAL) and at the same time promote its efficacy by using the optics of its studies that use 'economic eyes' while providing justice as a legal goal. Starting with the points of utility from Bentham's thought which was then conceptualized as an economic concept of justice because in EAL, law and justice view society as an economic entity. Three models were raised, then the analysis of efficiency became an economic tool to be used to achieve the goal of maximizing welfare. The goal is to get answers to whether it is possible to valuate and monetize all aspects of efficiency in order to get benefits. Each model is constructed with different assumptions and scenarios but still under one framework, namely how efficiency works according to EAL in order to maximize the widest social utility. As a result, it becomes inefficient when faced with circumstances that are contrary to the basic principles of EAL so that it cannot be monetized. There are circumstances where valuations are difficult or even impossible to monetize at decent values, especially against certain costs and benefits. These results show that the difficulty in quantifying some aspects tends to replace one's subjective values
Retail Internationalization: Agenda for future Research Directions
In the midst of growing tendencies towards protectionist trade practices as we approach the end of the first quarter of the 21st century, the retail internationalization practice has become uncertain more than ever. Yet the need for retail internationalization is still prerequisite, not an option. The purpose this paper is to put forward a series of propositions, a research agenda, which might be found useful by the academicians for their future research on retail internationalization that will help the practitioners to navigate in these times of uncertainties
The Application of Maternal Gender Equality in the Home
Gender equality is equality between men and women in fulfilling their rights and obligations. Gender equality should be applied in every sphere between men and women. The implementation of gender equality is still rarely implemented in household life, especially between mothers and fathers. One way to implement gender equality is by helping wives before and after giving birth. However, in practice it is still difficult to realize because a father's main duty is as the backbone of the family. Fathers work to meet the family's needs, but in implementing this to fulfill equal rights, there are obstacles in implementing leave. The obstacle in implementing leave lies in the differences in obtaining leave rights between male workers. Differences in income from leave rights occur between private employees and Civil Servants (PNS). The right to maternity leave for fathers, also known as paternity leave, also applies in other countries. This right to leave is considered important because the father's role in his child has a big influence on growth and development and minimizes the mother's exposure to baby blues after giving birth. The aim of this writing is to find out how important the role of fathers is for children and wives and the realization of gender equality in the household. So, the father's role can be realized in accordance with the obligations that should be implemented in the household and his leadership. The research method used in this research is normative juridical using a statutory approach and a conceptual approach. The existence of the right to paternity leave for fathers makes it a relevant policy in every company or place of work for every male worker to obtain this right