Role of Environmental Tax, Financial Development and Political Stability to Address the Renewable Energy Challenges: Empirical Study for MENA Region

The rise in economic growth and use of energy in developing countries are causing a big increase in the environmental pollution that harms the public health. So, this study is about the incline towards renewable energy in developing countries. It looks at how things like having more money, taxing pollution, and having a stable government can help these countries to use more renewable energy. We have compiled the data from approximately 21 MENA countries from 1990 to 2020 using GMM and CSARDL approaches. The results from CSARDL matched the results from GMM, which makes the findings reliable and strong. The long- term findings showed that although green invention and the use of renewable energy cut emissions, financial development raises carbon emissions. However, there was a notable variation in the emigrations mitigating impacts of both variables, with green invention having a lesser significance with emission mitigation. While the short-run outcome likewise yield parallel conclusions, the magnitude of their measure is comparatively lower. The finding report the incorporation of green technology and renewable energy with financial sector will be useful to counter the environmental consequences

The Role and Benefits of ChatGPT in the Agriculture Sector in EU Countries

The implementation of ChatGPT in the agricultural sector throughout the countries of the EU is revolutionising conventional farming methods. ChatGPT utilises sophisticated artificial intelligence capabilities to offer immediate assistance and valuable information to farmers, thereby improving their ability to make informed decisions and increasing their efficiency. The uses of this technology span from enhancing crop yields through predictive analytics to providing personalised guidance on sustainable farming methods. Moreover, ChatGPT enhances the effectiveness of supply chain management and enhances communication between stakeholders. This technological innovation aligns with the European Union's objectives of fostering a more sustainable and innovative agricultural future. This study examines the role and benefits of ChatGPT, an advanced artificial intelligence technology, in the agriculture sector of EU countries. The analysis is based on a mixed-effects model using secondary data from the European Commission's agricultural database and various agricultural research institutions across EU countries. The model includes covariates such as crop yields, water consumption, and decision-making scores, and accounts for country and year fixed effects. The results indicate that ChatGPT adoption has a statistically significant and positive impact on crop yields, resource consumption, and decision-making capabilities. Specifically, ChatGPT adoption leads to a 0.87 metric ton increase in crop yields per hectare, a 230 cubic meter reduction in water consumption per hectare, and a 1.24-point increase in decision-making scores. The findings demonstrate the potential of ChatGPT to improve agricultural performance in EU countries, and highlight the importance of integrating AI technologies in the agricultural sector to address pressing challenges such as resource scarcity and climate change. The study has some  limitations, including potential unobserved confounding factors and the generalizability of the findings across different agricultural practices and contexts. Future research should explore the long-term impacts of ChatGPT and other AI technologies on agriculture

Towards an Understanding of Perceptual Illusions in Language and Speech: A Cross-Linguistic Perspective

Perceptual illusions in language and speech reveal how listeners interpret auditory input in ways that deviate from the acoustic signals they receive. These phenomena shed light on the cognitive and neural mechanisms underlying speech perception, shaped by linguistic and cultural factors. This paper reviews four key perceptual illusions: phonemic restoration, the McGurk effect, verbal transformation, and auditory streaming, examining their manifestation across different languages, including Persian, Turkish, Japanese, and English. By integrating findings from diverse linguistic studies, this paper highlights the interplay between universal perceptual processes and language-specific influences, with implications for speech recognition technology, language learning, and clinical applications.

The Armenian Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian—a Pioneering Figure in the Holy Roman Church

The presented paper is dedicated to one of the prominent Armenians of the 20th century world, Cardinal Gregory Peter XV Aghajanian (1895–1971), who, with his influential role, stands as a monumental figure in the Holy Roman Catholic Church, at the same time being an outstanding figure of Armenian identity and heritage. Being born in a region marked by political and social upheaval (in the Caucasus), then living in the West and in the East parts of the world and traveling around the globe, he devoted his life to the clerical mission and regulation of inter-ecclesiastical issues, ecumenical and interfaith dialogue, aiming to spread Catholicism as well as to bridge divisions between different Christian denominations and promote understanding among diverse Christian communities. Cardinal Aghajanian, an Armenian Catholic priest, played a significant role as a high-ranking cleric and ‘pastoral diplomat’ within the Vatican. Being the Patriarch-Catholicos of Cilicia from 1937 to 1962, he attained the rank of cardinal in 1946 and subsequently held the position of prefect of the Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith from 1958/60 to 1970. He played a key role in the Second Vatican Council (1962-1965), acting for renewal and reforms within the Catholic Church. Appointed as a member of the Roman Curia and serving in different positions, he attempted to promote dialogue between the Catholic Church and Eastern Orthodox churches. He was also known for his work with the Eastern Catholic Churches and his contributions to their missionary activities and the canon regulation. His contributions are also obvious to the Armenian Catholic presence within the larger Catholic community. Aghajanian's ecclesiastical and missionary legacy is characterized by his commitment to unity and the promotion of peace, making him a pioneering figure in the evolution of the Church during a transformative period of the 20th century. His brilliant knowledge and diplomatic skills, mastering the art of negotiation, and the virtues characteristic of a cleric earned him a position of influence within the Roman Church, where his insights and guidance were sought after in matters of both faith and governance. He was twice nominated and considered as a candidate for Pope (1958 and 1963), possibly due to the above circumstances. Finally, he lived during a unique period of the evolution of the Holy Roman Catholic Church, i.e., during the reign of the 20th century's distinguished popes, among them Pius X (1903-1914), Benedict XV (1914-1922), Pius XI (1922-1939), Pius XII (1939-1958), John XXIII (1958-1963), and Paul VI (1963-1978). So, he was the Armenian who was noticed by some of the mentioned popes, entrusting him with a number of important positions and missions, thus further ensuring his irreplaceable place in the then-operating Roman Curia and the Church atmosphere in general. Essentially, Cardinal Aghajanian was destined to become one of the most famous figures of the Holy See of the Vatican in the middle of the 20th century, to be a part of various world political-diplomatic, spiritual, ecclesiastical, and international affairs, and in consequence to be at the center of those events. His rich lifetime activities may be divided into a few parts: a priest and a teacher, a bishop and an administrator, the patriarch—a caring father and a pastoral diplomat, a cardinal and a voice for spreading Christianity, a high-ranking cleric, and a diplomatic figure in ecclesiastical-political matters. He always acted for Catholicism, for the propagation of the faith and evangelization

Manifestation of Armenian-Iranian Architectural and Artistic Interactions in the Exterior and Interior Formation of the Churches of New Julfa

This article attempts to reveal the manifestations of Armenian-Iranian architectural and artistic interactions in the churches of New Julfa, focusing on their unique characteristics and various influences. New Julfa was created by the Armenians who were forcibly relocated to the territory of Iran by Shah Abbas I (1588-1629). This relocation not only served as a response to political and economic needs but also became a focal moment for the formation of the cultural and architectural identity of the created Armenian community in the Safavid Empire (1501-1722). Actually, the Armenian district of New Julfa, established in Isfahan in the early XVII century, represents a fascinating confluence of Armenian and Iranian cultures, particularly visible in the architectural and artistic styling of its churches. The interactions between Armenian and Iranian styles and principles not only highlight the unique identity of the churches of New Julfa but also reflect broader international artistic exchanges of the period. It was conditioned by the trade ties of Armenian merchants with Europe, as well as with the Near East and Far East. Indeed, the churches of New Julfa are notable for their unique architectural form and spatial organization, external and interior design. The used local materials in the Armenian churches, such as brick and tile, demonstrate the collaboration between Armenian and Iranian interactions. In terms of internal formation, the Armenian churches in New Julfa demonstrate the influences of both Armenian and Iranian features, as well as the European style, which is obvious in their interior decoration, such as frescoes and murals, tiles, and pictures. In other words, these churches combine Armenian Christian symbolism and Iranian elegance, resulting in the creation of a unique manifestation of both styles. Thus, the residential houses, churches, and other structures built in New Julfa during the XVII-XVIII centuries reflect a distinctive blend of Armenian architectural traditions and local Iranian influences, resulting in a unique architectural creation. At present, New Julfa is still a densely populated Armenian district in Isfahan with Armenian schools and more than a dozen remarkable churches

Analyzing the Reaction of Metal and Concrete Structures near Earthquake Centers

Movements recorded near active faults have different characteristics compared to normal movements recorded far from the fault due to the effects of progressive directionality and permanent displacement. Among the most important distinguishing features of these movements are the presence of long period pulses in the time history of acceleration, velocity, and displacement, a large ratio of maximum speed to maximum acceleration in the time history, the high-frequency content of the map, and short duration in the component perpendicular to the fault map. Pointed out each of these features has different effects on different structures. Also, in such earthquakes, the accumulation of energy in a short period and a pulse can cause shock-like movement. A case study of three steel structures and their responses to earthquakes produced by the Green's function method. Three steel structures are selected and modeled for analysis. Then, these structures are analyzed under the earthquake produced near the fault and their response is analyzed and investigated

Analyzing Important Components that Increase Vulnerability to Natural Disasters

During the last three decades, the 4th district of Tehran has been facing an average annual population growth greater than the whole of Tehran and is considered one of the most populous areas. This region has significant diversity in terms of the economic, social, and cultural context of its residents. On the one hand, in this area, there are areas and neighborhoods such as Khaq Sefid and Shamiran No, which are considered to be the residences of the poorest and lowest-income social strata of Tehran. The regional crisis management plan, which was prepared in the form of crisis management of the whole city of Tehran, lacks a strategic and comprehensive approach on the one hand, and it is said to be different from other national, regional, and local plans (national and regional). In the crisis management plan of the city of Tehran, area 4 is considered as the relief and rescue area of the whole city. This weakness has also caused that in preparing the framework of the regional crisis management plan, both in terms of headquarters planning and organizational-executive dimensions and social, economic, and environmental factors in the current situation of the region, which happens to be one of the main causes of aggravation or increase They are considered to be the cause of the region's vulnerability to possible earthquakes, they have not been taken into account. In other words, planning for crisis management in the region must be consistent with other physical-physical, social-economic, and environmental planning

Error Analysis in English Writing by Chinese Graduate Students with Non-English Majors Pursuing Master’s Degrees: Insights from a Descriptive Linguistics

Based on quantitative and qualitative research methods, this study explores the types of errors in English writing for non-English major graduate students in the Chinese context and the intervention in English writing teaching from the perspective of descriptive linguistics. To be specific, 59 non-English major graduate students from a university in eastern China were randomly selected for two writing samples, which were reviewed by 4 professional teachers. The consistency and difference of grading results were tested by different teachers to the same sample. Based on the mean value, the types of high frequency errors were obtained, and the teaching intervention was proposed from the perspective of descriptive linguistics. The results show that: (1) There is little difference in the grading results of the same sample, and there is a high consistency; (2) In the results of consistency testing and differential analysis of the two samples, Lexical Errors and Discourse Errors may occur more frequently, but after considering the Arithmetic Means and the above analysis results, Discourse Errors rate is the highest in the grading results; (3) The genre-based process English writing teaching intervention has benefited the non-English major graduate students greatly in English writing in the Chinese context

The Application Value of Transformational Leadership in the Banking and Financial Industry

Innovative leadership is a leadership style derived from the combination of innovation and leadership, which has become a new research hotspot. Transformational leaders motivate and encourage employees' enthusiasm and innovation through their own behavior, values, and beliefs. Transformational leadership has a significant impact on employee burnout, management performance, and organizational citizenship behavior, and employee empowerment also has a significant impact on employee burnout and management performance. In order to organize the data results, and analyze the relationship and impact of definitions, characteristics, research variables, reliability tests, calibration tests, and the mediating effect of organizational citizenship behavior on employee burnout a questionnaire survey was sent to the banking and financial industry. As a result it was obtained that organizations should focus on cultivating and enhancing the transformational leadership skills of their managers, and leverage the advantages of transformational leadership in promoting employee creativity

A Systematic Literature Review of Inquiry-Based Teacher Professional Development Programs: Types and Impacts on Teachers and Students (2013-2023)

This study aims to conduct a literature analysis of Inquiry-Based Teacher Professional Development Programs (I-BTPDP), focusing on the types of programs and their impact on both teachers and students. The research employs a systematic literature review (SLR) consisting of four main stages: identification, screening, eligibility, and inclusion. The initial identification and screening process is based on the following criteria: 1) articles published between 2013-2023, 2) content related to inquiry-based science teacher professional development programs, 3) articles written in English and peer-reviewed, and 4) content discussing the impact of inquiry-based science teacher professional development on teachers and/or students. After the screening process, 34 eligible articles were selected for analysis. Data analysis was conducted through coding based on the types of I-BTPDP and their impact. The literature review results show that the types of I-BTPDP include programs directly focused on inquiry-based learning, programs with a focus on the Nature of Science (NoS), technology-based programs, and partnership-based programs. Furthermore, the impact of I-BTPDP on teachers includes hands-on experience with the scientific inquiry process, enhanced understanding of planning and implementing inquiry-based learning, and increased confidence and interest in conducting inquiry-based learning. As for students, the impact of I-BTPDP includes improvements in content knowledge, attitudes towards science, and engagement in the inquiry proces