Copenhagen Rats Display Dominantly Inherited Yet Non-uniform Resistance to Spontaneous, Radiation-induced, and Chemically-induced Mammary Carcinogenesis.

Background/Aim: Genetic and environmental factors interact to dictate the risk of cancer, and animal models are expected to provide avenues for identifying such interactions. The aim of the study was to clarify the genetic susceptibility of Copenhagen rats to spontaneous, radiation-induced, and chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis. Materials and Methods: Female Copenhagen and Sprague– Dawley rats and their F1 hybrids were subjected at age 7 weeks to γ-irradiation or intraperitoneal injection with 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea or were not treated, and palpable mammary tumours were diagnosed histologically. Data were pooled with previous data acquired for both nontreated and irradiated Sprague–Dawley rats. Results: Radiation and 1-methyl-1-nitrosourea both significantly increased the incidence of mammary cancer in all strains. Copenhagen and F1 rats displayed a significantly lower incidence than Sprague–Dawley rats in all groups, with relatively higher incidence after irradiation. F1 rats exhibited significantly higher mammary cancer incidence than Copenhagen rats in the nontreated, but not the treated, groups. The interaction of the strain and exposure effects was suggested to be quasi-multiplicative. Conclusion: Copenhagen rats display non-uniform resistance to spontaneous, radiation-induced, and chemically-induced mammary carcinogenesis with dominant inheritance over Sprague–Dawley rats.journal articl

Generation of HED plasma regulated by magnetic field from structured medium -Simulation and experimental study-

We successfully fabricated the rod assembly with a high aspect ratio and performed PIC simulations concerning an interaction between a high-power laser and that. Experiments using SACLA-XFEL laser system were also conducted.International Conference on High Energy Density Science 2022conference objec

Direct Observation and Semiquantitative Analysis of Hierarchical Structures in Graft-type Polymer Electrolyte Membranes using AFM Technique

The structural features of a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM), consisting of polystyrene sulfonic acid (PSSA) grafted onto poly(ethylene-co-tetrafluoroethylene) (ETFE), can be characterized semi-quantitatively by atomic force microscopy (AFM). The cross-sectional AFM phase images are converted to the binarized image by fitting two Gaussian functions. The domains correspond to hydrophilic PSSA domains and hydrophobic ETFE crystalline and amorphous regions, respectively, at lower and higher phase shift values. The area fraction of PSSA domains was consistent with the volume fraction determined by the grafting degree (GD). The dependence of the radius and inter-domain distance of the PSSA domains on the GDs of PEMs shows discontinuous features at the threshold GD (39%). The former slightly increased from 10 to 12 nm and significantly increased to 17 nm at a GD greater than 39%; the latter decreased from 140 to 54 nm with increases in GDs up to 39% but inversely increased to 78 nm at a GD of 46%. This discontinuous change in radius and inter-domain distance should be caused by the fusion of adjacent PSSA domains to form a larger size and spacing and thus less connectivity between each large domain, thereby lowering the conductivity at GD greater than 39%. We were able to demonstrate the existence of an ion-conducting hydrophilic path with a radius of approximately 10 nm. Even though it has received little attention in the past, it is expected to enable the design of electrolyte membrane functions in the future.journal articl

Simulating Raman spectra of hydrogen hydrates using first-principles path-integral ring-polymer molecular dynamics

A variant of first-principles (FP) path-integral ring-polymer molecular dynamics (RPMD) simulations was used to investigate the C0, C1, and C2 H2 hydrates at 280 K aiming at reproducing their experimental Raman spectra. We find that our implementation based on white-noise Langevin thermostat applied to the H2O sub-system only in the formulation of FP-RPMD is able to reproduce with high accuracy the characteristic features of the measured Raman spectra of H2 hydrates in all C0, C1, and C2 phases, demonstrating potential of our computational approach for investigating H-containing materials under pressure.journal articl

Effect of Magnesium Ion on the Radical-Scavenging Rate of Pterostilbene in an Aprotic Medium: Mechanistic Insight into the Antioxidative Reaction of Pterostilbene

Pterostilbene (PTS), a methylated analog of resveratrol (RSV), has recently attracted much attention due to its enhanced bioavailability compared to RSV, However, little is known about the radical-scavenging mechanism of PTS. In this study, we investigated the effect of Mg(ClO4)2 on the scavenging reaction of galvinoxyl (GO) radical by PTS in acetonitrile (MeCN). The GO radical was used as a model for reactive oxygen radicals. The second-order rate constant (kH) for the GO radical-scavenging reaction by PTS was more than threefold larger than that by RSV, although thermodynamic parameters, such as relative O-H bond dissociation energies of the phenolic OH groups, ionization potentials, and HOMO energies calculated by the density functional theory are about the same between PTS and RSV. The oxidation peak potential of PTS determined by the cyclic voltammeter in MeCN (0.10 M Bu4NClO4) was also virtually the same as that of RSV. On the other hand, no effect of Mg(ClO4)2 on the kH value was observed for PTS, in contrast to the case for RSV. A kinetic isotope effect of 3.4 was observed when PTS was replaced by a deuterated PTS. These results suggest that a one-step hydrogen-atom transfer from PTS to the GO radical may be the rate-determining step in MeCN.journal articl

1-5 keV 軟Ｘ線高出力分光器のための多層膜回折格子の試作

エネルギー 1-5 keV の領域で等周期多層膜のブラッグ条件を満たして高出力を発揮する多層膜回折格子分光器の開発を目指して、可変偏角型分光器の設計を行なっている。刻線密度 3200 本/mm のラミナー型回折格子基板に W (1.6 nm)/B4C (2.4 nm) の 40 周期多層膜を成膜して Photon Factory の BL-11D、11B、20B で回折効率を測定した。第69回応用物理学会春季学術講演会conference objec

Phase Ib study of durvalumab (MEDI4736) in combination with carbon-ion radiotherapy and weekly cisplatin for patients with locally advanced cervical cancer (DECISION study): study protocol for a prospective open-label single-arm study

Concurrent chemoradiotherapy is considered the standard treatment strategy for locally advanced cervical cancer. Most recent reports indicate that patients with bulky tumours or adenocarcinoma subtypes have poorer local control. Carbon-ion radiotherapy (CIRT) with the concurrent use of chemotherapy has shown promising results in such cases of difficult-to-treat uterine cervical cancer. Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) upregulation was observed in tumour tissue samples from patients who had undergone CIRT. Thus, a combination of CIRT and anti-PD-L1 antibody may suppress metastasis by activating antitumour immune response, in addition to exhibiting strong local effects.journal articl

Effect of Coulomb interaction between secondary electrons on plasma formation due to heavy-ion irradiation

Plasma formed by heavy-ion irradiation has been investigated in this study. For this study, a simulation model that effectively uses recent computers is developed. Here, the effect of the Coulomb interaction between secondary electrons on the formation of plasma is demonstrated. This interaction plays a role in plasma swelling and decreases the probability of secondary electrons escaping from the electric field formed due to heavy ion irradiation.conference pape

微小炎症発見を目的とする生体ナノ量子センサーによる量子診断プラットフォームの開発

微小炎症発見を目的とした量子診断プラットフォーム開発の進捗状況を報告するムーンショット技術交流会conference objec

Electromagnetically induced transparency in inhomogeneously broadened divacancy defect ensembles in SiC

Electromagnetically induced transparency (EIT) is a phenomenon that can provide strong and robust interfacing between optical signals and quantum coherence of electronic spins. In its archetypical form, mainly explored with atomic media, it uses a (near-)homogeneous ensemble of three-level systems, in which two low-energy spin-1/2 levels are coupled to a common optically excited state. We investigate the implementation of EIT with c-axis divacancy color centers in silicon carbide. While this material has attractive properties for quantum device technologies with near-IR optics, implementing EIT is complicated by the inhomogeneous broadening of the optical transitions throughout the ensemble and the presence of multiple ground-state levels. These may lead to darkening of the ensemble upon resonant optical excitation. Here, we show that EIT can be established with high visibility also in this material platform upon careful design of the measurement geometry. Comparison of our experimental results with a model based on the Lindblad equations indicates that we can create coherences between different sets of two levels all-optically in these systems, with potential impact for RF-free quantum sensing applications. Our work provides an understanding of EIT in multi-level systems with significant inhomogeneities, and our considerations are valid for a wide array of defects in semiconductors.journal articl