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    The Failure of Poland’s Intermarium Policy in the Interwar Period

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    After the collapse of Europe’s continental empires following World War I, a number of national movements established states in Central/Eastern Europe amid the ensuing power vacuum. Amongst these new states was the 2nd Polish Republic, sitting between a defeated Germany and a Russia embroiled in civil war. Recognizing that this situation would not last, Polish federalist thinkers, including Józef Klemens Piłsudski and Józef Beck, opted to create a political alignment of Central/Eastern European states to more effectively resist the traditional German and Russian dominance of the region following the collapse of the Polish-Lithuanian Commonwealth in the late 18th century. In modern academic circles, this policy became known as Intermarium, literally meaning ‘between the seas’. This study will use a historical institutionalist framework and causal process tracing to understand how the rise of nationalism, internal and regional political divisions, and the lack of outside support doomed the policy’s outcome. These institutional forces meant that Central/Eastern European states were unsuccessful in adopting a unified political position during a critical period of weakness in Germany and Russia. Following the recovery of Germany and the consolidation of the Soviet Union, the policy became less and less viable, particularly since Western support to the region declined in favor of adopting an appeasement approach toward Germany. The increasing power disparity between Central/Eastern States and the two surrounding powers led many of its components to adopt a policy of non-provocation eventually contributing to the region’s collapse during World War II

    “The Calamitous State Into Which We Are Brought”: The Paradox of Slavery, Agency, Creativity, and Freedom-Making in Eighteenth-Century Newport

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    In our first article, “‘The Calamitous State Into Which We Are Brought’: The Paradox of Slavery, Agency, Creativity, and Freedom-Making in Eighteenth- Century Newport,” Akeia de Barros Gomes asks critical questions while constructing narratives of the lives of Caesar Lyndon, Sarah Searing Lyndon, Caesar Babcock, Bristow, Casan, Jenny, Cardardo, and a “black male” whose name was once known, and an “Indian” whose name was also once known. The questions de Barros Gomes raises, while affirming the complexities and contradictions of the subject, form a quest to acknowledge the humanity and personhood of individuals enslaved in Newport. “How can we discuss strength and resilience of the enslaved within the all-consuming structure of the Transatlantic Slave Trade?” she asks. Creatively mining historical sources and documents including the account books of Caesar Lyndon, Revolutionary War pension applications and a rare nkisi bundle discovered at the Wanton- Lyman-Hazard House in Newport, Dr. de Barros Gomes raises and answers a central question that is the aim of her work: “How do we begin to understand” how people enslaved in Newport “insisted upon their own humanity through their work, spirituality, family and service to the emerging nation.” Dr. Akeia de Barros Gomes is the Director of the Edward W. Kane & Martha J. Wallace Center for Black History. She received her Ph.D. in 2008 from the University of Connecticut, and is a Visiting Scholar and Adjunct Lecturer at the Ruth J. Simmons Center for the Study of Slavery and Justice at Brown University

    Comparing Loneliness Assessment Tools in a Veteran\u27s Community

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    Problem Statement: The current screening practices used in the Vet Center may not effectively capture veterans’ levels of loneliness. With increasing recognition of the impact of social and behavioral determinants on health outcomes, policy makers, payers, and professional organizations have called for health systems to improve their means of identifying and addressing health-related social needs (Russell et al., 2023). Purpose: The quality improvement project aims to compare the University of California, Los Angeles 3-Item Loneliness Scale (TILS) to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale (SWEMWBS) item six, used to screen veterans. Methods: Veterans will be screened for loneliness using the TILS, alongside the SWEMWBS. The Vet Center uses item six of the SWEMWBS as a specific measure of loneliness. The QI will compare the effectiveness of the TILS and the SWEMWBS item-six to determine any differences in identifying loneliness. Results: The paired t-test showed a significant difference between the TILS and SWEMWBS, question 6, scores. TILS captured loneliness better, with higher scores compared to the SWEMWBS, question 6. The correlation between the TILS and SWEMWBS, question 6, scores was weak and not statistically significant, the screening tools may not be strongly related in measuring the same aspects of loneliness. The TILS and SWEMWBS, question 6, captured different dimensions of the loneliness

    Recollections of Rose Albert \u2713

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    Rose Albert, class of 2013 and later Associate Director of the Office of Multicultural Programs and Retention, reminisces about her time as a student and a staff member at Salve. She recalls the role Sister Leona Misto and Pam Heroux played in her leaving Haiti after the 2010 earthquake, flying to New York, and driving overnight to Salve so that she would be able to enroll before the cutoff. She speaks of feeling isolated after the trauma of the earthquake, and of friends and staff members who opened their offices to her. She also discusses the community she found with other international students, and of experiencing the life of Salve Regina\u27s mission and racism at the same time. She talks about the formation of the Multicultural Students Office and hiring of Sami Nassim, and of her return to Salve in 2018. She talks about what changed in her absence, and what didn\u27t, and the formation of the Black Student Union in 2016, and the formation of the Inclusive Reading Club, which she started with the library in 2018, and is still running at the time of the interview in 2025

    Transit-Oriented Development on Aquidneck Island: Considering the Costs and Benefits of Restoring Passenger Rail Between Fall River, Massachusetts, and Newport, Rhode Island

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    This thesis considers the costs and benefits of restoring historic infrastructure as transit-oriented development on Aquidneck Island, and its potential to bridge social and economic gaps between the urban communities of Newport, Rhode Island, and Fall River, Massachusetts. There is a direct need for more robust public transportation on Aquidneck Island along with environmentally friendly planning initiatives, and reinstating the Newport Secondary Rail Line for passenger rail service to the new Fall River MBTA station is one important way for historic preservation to be utilized for the improvement of sustainability and socioeconomic equity in the region. Original research will be presented through an analysis and discussion of the results of an IRB approved public opinion survey administered to the public from February to March 2025. The purpose of the survey for this thesis is to visualize how historic preservation today can be dynamic in its long-term impact and inclusion of diverse communities

    Reducing Food Waste for University Sustainability

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    Polypharmacy and Frailty Scores in Geriatric Patients

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    This Doctor of Nursing Practice (DNP) project aimed to explore the concept and definition of polypharmacy by examining the number of medications taken and the frailty scores of this study’s sample population. According to Jandu et al. (2024) and Alqahtani (2023), polypharmacy is described as the simultaneous use of multiple medications that pose a significant concern for older adults due to its association with adverse events, including falls, hospitalizations, and even death. Other researchers have placed a numeric value in the definition of polypharmacy, but the most commonly found in the literature review included taking “five plus medications in one day, six plus medicines in one day, seven plus in one day, and ten plus in one day” (Alqahtani, 2023; Fried et al., 2014; Donnell & Ibrahim, 2022). Mortazavi et al. (2016), Reeve et al. (2015), and Tsang et al. (2024), determined that a more substantial definition of polypharmacy could lead to improved medication strategies based on age group, reduction of adverse events, and improved frailty scores. A more substantial definition of polypharmacy could contribute to improved healthcare outcomes (Alqahtani, 2023; Carollo et al., 2024; Chang et al., 2020; Mach et al., 2021). The goal of this DNP research study was to determine if a correlation existed between polypharmacy and frailty. Frailty is a geriatric clinical syndrome characterized by greater vulnerability (Alqahtani, 2023; Church et al., 2020; Mach et al., 2021). Several studies have researched polypharmacy and frailty scores and have concluded that taking five plus medications daily is associated with increased frailty (Ekram et al., 2022; Van Dam et al., 2022; Veronese et al., 2017). Such studies have also concluded that the association of frailty scores with clinical outcomes have highlighted its usefulness in geriatric persons and have indicated that those with higher frailty scores were sicker and more likely to be hospitalized (Church et al., 2020; Kaeppeli et al., 2020; Mendiratta et al., 2023; Rockwood et al., 2005). This DNP study hypothesized that taking more than five medications increased study participants’ Clinical Frailty Score (CFS) to a score of five or higher. There is a gap in the literature in identifying if the number of medications elderly individuals took correlated with their frailty score. This DNP study included a retrospective chart review of 50 medical records. The sample population included geriatric individuals aged 65 or older who received a voluntary, community in-home, routine healthcare visit. Among the 50 charts chosen randomly, three did not meet the age criteria of 65-plus and were excluded from this study. The demographic data collected included ages, numbers, and class of medications, as well as frailty scores of the sample population. The primary objective was to identify a threshold for the number of medications indicative of polypharmacy for each age group and the number of daily medications that potentially affected frailty scores. While several studies have evaluated how those taking larger numbers of medications experienced higher frailty scores, there is a gap in the literature regarding the specific number of medications among different age cohorts that correlates with higher Clinical Frailty Scale scores (Alqahtani, 2022; Cheng et al., 2022; Jandu et al., 2024; Mach et al., 2021; O’Donnell & Ibrahim, 2022; Veronese et al., 2017)

    Dreaming Spires: Collegiate Gothic Architecture on American Campuses

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    In the 19th and early 20th centuries, Collegiate Gothic architecture became a favored style on the campuses of several elite educational institutions in the northeastern United States. This style best exemplifies the Anglophile and Christian value system of the White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (WASP) upper class. Sociologist E. Digby Baltzell referred to the upper class as “the Protestant Establishment” which included several mainline Protestant denominations but was largely Episcopalian. The WASP upper class was shaped by what Baltzell described as “the Episcopalianization of the American business aristocracy.” This phrase refers to a cultural assimilation process whereby members of the American upper class shed the religious denominations of their ancestors to join the Episcopal Church, which resulted in a cohesive class identity and consciousness. Social history and architectural history are a Venn diagram. They have an area of overlap, an intersection or intertwining. The American upper class influenced the development of Collegiate Gothic architecture as a reflection of its value system, heavily rooted in Anglophilia and the Episcopal Church. The rise and decline of the Protestant Establishment from the 19th to the early 20th centuries correlates to the rise and decline of the Collegiate Gothic architecture movement during the same period of time

    AI and Business Education: : Ethical Challenges and Practical Applications

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    Artificial intelligence (AI) is reshaping industries, making it essential for business students to develop both technical proficiency and ethical awareness. This study explores AI integration in business education through secondary research and surveys conducted at a Northeast liberal arts university. Findings reveal growing AI usage among students and faculty, with emphasis needed on responsible application. While institutions address concerns like plagiarism, broader issues—bias, misinformation, and overreliance—demand attention. This paper outlines pedagogical strategies to balance innovation with ethical responsibility, preparing students for AI-integrated roles. Fostering critical thinking ensures graduates are equipped for a rapidly evolving, AI-driven professional landscape. This paper was presented at the 2025 World Conference on Education and Teaching. Nicholas, A. (2025). AI and Business Education: Ethical Challenges and Practical Applications. Proceedings of The World Conference on Education and Teaching, 4(1), 89–99. https://doi.org/10.33422/etconf.v4i1.1082 https://www.dpublication.com/conference-proceedings/index.php/etconf/article/view/108

    Visions of Catastrophe: Human Enhancement in Contemporary, Dystopian Speculative Fiction

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    Genetic engineering and human-machine interface technologies hold great promise for alleviating a wide variety of diseases and medical conditions. They also have the potential to enhance human physical and cognitive capabilities beyond natural limits. Historically, we have often struggled to anticipate the negative human consequences of new technologies, and to avoid or mitigate their effects. Because such enhancement applications raise serious moral concerns and could plausibly lead to catastrophic consequences, it is especially important to carefully consider how we approach their research, development, and distribution. Yet a variety of powerful influences push us to go faster, impatient with restraints. Speculative fiction offers a unique, counterbalancing perspective on what the future might hold. Grounded in contemporary events and scientific progress, works from this genre transport us to recognizable, near-future worlds. While no discipline can reliably predict the future with any great fidelity, these novels envision a range of plausible human consequences which can help us recognize real dangers and act to avoid them

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