Evoluzioni dei parchi della cura

I complessi manicomiali provinciali realizzati in Italia tra la fine dell’Ottocento e i primi del Novecento costituiscono un patrimonio di spazi pubblici dismessi e solo parzialmente riutilizzati, con caratteri peculiari e molto differenti rispetto ad altri spazi che la città contemporanea ha scartato e abbandonato (impianti produttivi, strutture militari, carceri ecc.). Essi furono innanzitutto realizzati in un arco di tempo molto breve, per rispondere ai requisiti di moderni istituti di cura della salute mentale a seguito della Legge 36 del 1904. Un altro dato peculiare dei complessi manicomiali moderni è la significativa dotazione di spazi verdi. Un ulteriore elemento che differenzia la storia di questi complessi da altri siti abbandonati e sottoutilizzati è che tutti i manicomi iniziarono simultaneamente, con l’approvazione della Legge Basaglia6, un lento processo di dismissione che si protrasse fino alla fine degli anni Novanta. L’insieme di questi caratteri peculiari dell’evoluzione storica dei complessi psichiatrici moderni appare particolarmente significativo rispetto a nuove prospettive di cura integrata del benessere psicofisico. Nel saggio sono indagati, in una prospettiva evolutiva che arriva fino all'oggi o il rapporto con la città e il paesaggio e il rapporto tra spazi comuni e spazi “riservati” in alcuni complessi psichiatrici italiani

Mitologie totalitarie e latifondo siciliano. Cambiamenti, restanze e prospettive della colonizzazione interna fascista

La colonizzazione interna della Sicilia, promossa dal regime fascista, è stata un’operazione di trasformazione territoriale e paesaggistica dal forte valore simbolico e politico. Modificare fisicamente il paesaggio siciliano significò plasmarlo come riflesso dei principi del regime, trasformandolo in una terra fascista e, di conseguenza, in un'estensione ideologica dello Stato. Accanto a un'estetica architettonica, venne elaborata un’estetica paesaggistica, basata sulla manipolazione e il controllo della natura. Quest’ultima si affermò come strumento di propaganda e indottrinamento. Attraverso interventi infrastrutturali, la costruzione di centri rurali e la realizzazione di case coloniche, seguendo un preciso modello di appoderamento, il progetto del territorio divenne un mezzo per ridefinire non solo il paesaggio ma anche l’identità dell’uomo che lo abitava. Cosa permane e come si è evoluto quello che è stato realizzato? In che modo si intreccia con i temi di crisi economica, sociale e ambientale che, nel loro complesso, determinano quella che di fatto potremmo definire come una crisi paesaggistica? In che modo questo patrimonio marginalizzato può essere rinnovato e divenire un bene comune capace di generare nuove opportunità? La tesi tenta di rispondere a queste ed altre domande, attraverso un’argomentazione critica che colloca l’oggetto della ricerca tra la lettura storico-valutativa e lo studio orientato a uno sguardo progettuale, partendo dall’ipotesi che per immaginare il riuso del patrimonio territoriale bisogna prima leggerlo ed esplorarlo. Lo studio in questione si completa attraverso il confronto con la colonización franchista del Bajo Guadalquivir, in Andalusia, un caso analogo ma successivo a quello siciliano, nell'obiettivo di rintracciare convergenze, divergenze e un possibile modello per il futuro dei centri rurali in Sicilia

A model to understand risk behavior: interoception awareness and motivational systems in the binge watching

This study aims to test the interoceptive-motivational hypothesis as a possible marker for the risk of developing binge-watching (BW) as a behavioral addiction. Like other risky behaviors, BW can be included in a model that includes the interaction of personological and physiological factors as predictors of the behavioral outcome. On a sample of 741 young adults, a structural equation model considered the association between the interoceptive indices (MAIA questionnaire), inhi bition/activation systems (BIS/BAS questionnaire) of the motivational theory, and BW pattern (BWAQ questionnaire). The results suggested a different interaction between the variables when BW was considered as a leisure activity and as an at-risk behavior. While in the first case, interoception and BIS/BAS systems interact, and BIS and interoception positively affect the in crease of BW as a leisure activity, in BW as at-risk behavior, the interoceptive-motivational link is lost, and a different pattern of association with the behavior emerges. BIS and BW are still positively associated with the problematic expression of the behavior. The result would suggest that persons exhibiting better interoceptive sensitivity display lower risk of addictive BW. Finally, the interoceptive-motivational model, if confirmed in other at-risk behaviors, would provide a new perspective in the field of behavioral addictions

Liver transplantation for HBV-related liver disease: impact of prophylaxis for HBV on HCC recurrence

Background and aims Conflicting data exist regarding optimal prophylaxis for HBV recurrence (HBV-R) after liver transplantation (LT), particularly in patients with hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We assessed current practices for HBV-R prophylaxis in Italy, evaluating rates, risk factors, and clinical impact of HBV-R and HCC-R. Methods Multicentric, retrospective study involving 20 Italian LT centers. All patients who underwent LT for HBV-related liver diseases between 2010 and 2021 were included. Logistic regression was used to identify predictors of HBV-R and HCC-R. Survival curves were estimated with Kaplan-Meier method and compared with log-rank test. Results We included 1205 LT recipients (60.8% HCC). HBV prophylaxis was prescribed in 99.7% recipients, mostly with lifelong HBIG+NUCs (83.9%). Rates of HBV-R were 2.1% and 3.1% in patients transplanted without and with HCC, respectively. Median times from LT were 60 [9.5–77.5] and 5.5 [1–13] months, respectively. Recipients on lifelong HBIG+NUCs experienced lower rates of HBV-R than those in whom HBIG were withdrawn, used only during LT, or received NUCs alone (2.3% vs. 6.2% vs. 1.9% vs. 8%, respectively; p=0.042). In HCC recipients, HCC-R rate was 10.8% (median time from LT: 18 months). At multivariate analysis, HBV-R (OR: 10.329; 95%CI: 3.665-29.110), Child-Pugh C (OR: 3.519; 95%CI: 1.305-9.484), and microvascular invasion (OR: 3.088; 95%CI: 1.692-5.634) were independently associated with HCC-R. Five-year survival was lower in recipients who experienced HCC-R (32.5% vs. 92.4% in those who did not; p<0.001). Conclusion In Italy, HBV prophylaxis is mostly based on lifelong HBIG+NUCs. HBV-R was rare and not associated with survival in patients transplanted for decompensated cirrhosis. In patients transplanted for HCC, HBV-R was independently associated with HCC-R. The clinical implications of these findings deserve further investigation

Singular Elliptic PDEs: an extensive overview

In this survey we provide an overview of nonlinear elliptic homogeneous boundary value problems featuring singular zero-order terms with respect to the unknown variable whose prototype equation is $$-\Delta u = {u^{-\gamma}} \ \text{in}\ \Omega$$ where $\Omega$ is a bounded subset of $\mathbb{R}^N$ ($N\geq 2$), and \gamma>0. \smallskip We start by outlining the basic concepts and the mathematical framework needed for setting the problem. Both old and new key existence and uniqueness results are presented, alongside regularity issues depending on the regularity of the data. The presentation aims to be modern, self-contained and consistent. Some examples and open problems are also discussed

La Sciomachie del 1549 e le feste dei Valois

Tramite la comparazione delle diverse fonti cinquecentesche che narrano l'evento, tra cui il testo di François Rabelais, il saggio analizza i festeggiamenti e gli apparati effimeri fatti allestire dal cadinale Jean Du Bellay a Roma, nel marzo 1549, in occasione della nascita di Louis de France, secondogenito di Enrico II e Caterina dei Medici. Accanto all'analisi delle architettura, dei loro caratteri stilistici e dell'uso dei riferimenti antiquari, contestualizzati nella tradizione delle feste pubbliche romane e di corte francese, si evidenziano gli scopi diplomatici dell'operazione voluta a Roma dal committente sullo sfondo dei conflitti tra Francia e Impero

Amino acid‐mediated enantioselective synthesis of a bicyclic ketocarbaldehyde. Theoretical and experimental insights into a key Intermediate for some polycyclic diterpene synthesis

A study on the amino acid-mediated intramolecular cyclization of diketoaldehyde 2 to form bicyclic ketocarbaldehyde 1, a potentially useful intermediate in the synthesis of some polycyclic diterpenes, is hereafter presented. This cyclization exhibits a peculiar enantio-selectivity if compared to similar intramolecular cyclizations due to its product being the (S)-enantiomer when using d-amino acids. Our findings reveal that the transformation proceeds through two irreversible steps: the cyclization and the subsequent dehydration process. The reaction enantiomeric excess (e.e.) was optimized by systematically varying the amino acids, solvents, and acids used. Aldol intermediates were successfully isolated. The structure of the most abundant one was confirmed by X-ray analysis, which supported the proposed reaction mechanism. NMR and MS were employed to monitor in real-time the formation and the evolution of these intermediates. This approach allowed us to detect the key species that contribute to the enantioselectivity and yield of the final product. Additionally, the transition state energies associated with the formation of the eight possible aldol intermediates were examined through computational studies, further elucidating the mechanistic pathway of this enantioselective cyclization

Transizione digitale, lavoro da remoto e divari territoriali: dalla centralità della sede aziendale alla valorizzazione della comunità territoriale

Il contributo esamina una delle possibili implicazioni della transizione digitale nella riduzione delle diseguaglianze territoriali. In particolare, il testo si concentra sugli effetti che il lavoro da remoto potrebbe avere rispetto alle dinamiche demografiche, evidenziando al contempo le problematiche che tale modalità di esecuzione della prestazione lavorativa pone rispetto alla concezione costituzionale del lavoro, inteso come fattore di affermazione e sviluppo della personalità individuale

Plasma Concentrations of Direct Oral Anticoagulants in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation and Different Degrees of Obesity

Background: Atrial fibrillation (AF) has multiple cardio-metabolic comorbidities, including obesity. The use of direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs) in patients with AF and obesity is still uncertain owing to the concern of possible ineffective DOAC plasma concentration. We evaluated the peak and trough plasma concentrations of DOACs in AF patients with different degrees of obesity. Methods: Observational single-center study including patients with obesity and AF, between April 2022 and April 2024. Obesity was defined as body mass index (BMI) ≥ 30.0 kg/m2. The 2-hour peak and trough DOAC plasma concentrations were assessed. Intake of DOAC was verified on site. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to assess the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (95% CI) of factors associated with below-range trough concentration (BRTC) and below-range peak concentration (BRPC). Results: In total, 160 patients (33.8% women) with a mean age of 73.2 ± 9.1 years were included. The median BMI was 32.3 kg/m2. DOACs prescribed were apixaban (46.8%), rivaroxaban (21.8%), dabigatran (16.4%), and edoxaban (15.0%); 18.1% and 14.4% had BRTC and BRPC concentrations, respectively. Patients with BRTC were more frequently treated with edoxaban and dabigatran and had a higher BMI. On multivariable logistic regression analysis, dabigatran [hazard ratio (HR) 3.039, 95% CI 1.155-7.999, p = 0.024) and BMI ≥ II class (OR 2.625, 95% CI 1.087-6.335, p = 0.032] were associated with BRTC. Dabigatran (OR 4.296, 95% CI 1.523-12.120, p = 0.006) and apixaban (OR 0.277, 95% CI 0.096-0.802, p = 0.018) were directly and inversely associated with BRPC, respectively. Conclusions: A nonnegligible proportion of patients with obesity and AF have below-range plasma concentrations of DOACs. Assessment of DOAC plasma concentration in obesity class ≥ II may be useful in these patients

GUBIC: the global urban biological invasions compendium for plants

Urban areas are foci for the introduction of non-native plant species, and they often act as launching sites for invasions into the wider environment. Although interest in biological invasions in urban areas is growing rapidly, and the extent and complexity of problems associated with invasions in these systems have increased, data on the composition and numbers of non-native plants in urbanized areas remain scattered and idiosyncratic. We assembled data from multiple sources to create the Global Urban Biological Invasions Compendium (GUBIC) for vascular plants representing 553 urban centres from 61 countries across every continent except Antarctica. The GUBIC repository includes 8140 non-native plant species from 253 families. The number of urban centres in which these non-native species occurred had a log-normal distribution, with 65.2% of non-native species occurring in fewer than 10 urban centres. Practical implications: The dataset has wider applications for urban ecology, invasion biology, macroecology, conservation, urban planning and sustainability. We hope this dataset will stimulate future research in invasion ecology related to the diversity and distributional patterns of non-native flora across urban centres worldwide. Further, this information should aid the early detection and risk assessment of potential invasive species, inform policy development and assist in setting management priorities