Optimisation of Surface Roughness in 3D Printing Using the Bees Algorithm

Additive manufacturing (AM) is renowned for its capability to produce parts that are low-cost and have less manufacturing time. One of the main challenges in this additive manufacturing technology is selecting proper input process parameters to achieve good quality of the 3D printed model. The focus of this study is to determine the optimum input parameter of the 3D printer using the Bees Algorithm (BA). This study uses the Bees Algorithm to predict the best combination parameters to optimise the surface roughness of parts printed by a fused deposition modelling (FDM) machine. The predicted results are compared with the experimental 3D model sample and previous findings of other optimisation methods. Comparative analysis between predicted and actual surface roughness measurements showed good agreement with differences of less than 2%, indicating a significant prediction method. The result also shows that the Bees Algorithm found a better combination of parameters compared to other algorithms. This research provides another alternative optimisation approach for industries that utilise 3D printing

Prophethood

The purpose of this paper is to highlight the importance and relevance of the concept of prophet hood which represents the communication of divine will, moral and ethical guidance, social and spiritual reform, and the exemplification of righteous living. . It emphasizes the completeness and universality of his message, the importance of his life as a model for all aspects of living, and the enduring nature of his teachings. The concept of Prophet Muhammad (PBUH) as the final Prophet is central to Islamic theology and has profound implications for the faith and practice of Muslims. Prophet Muhammad's specialty as the final prophet lies in his role as the bearer of the complete message of Islam, providing a comprehensive and enduring framework for moral and spiritual guidance. His legacy continues to inspire millions, reflecting his profound contributions to both religious thought and the betterment of human society. Through his teachings and example, Muhammad has left an indelible mark on history, demonstrating the transformative power of faith and the enduring relevance of his message for all of humanity to ensure they will be in the right way of reaching the final destiny of Al-Akhirah

عادات أولي العزم من الرسل في حياتهم الاجتماعي ة من خلال القرآن والسنة The practices of the Prophets of ulu al azm in their social life through the Qur'an and Sunnah

The Messengers of Ūlū al ‘Azm were distinguished Prophets who held high positions and exerted significant influence in their societies. they shared similar Practices and approaches in addressing challenges in their social lives. Their determination and patience in improving the community is seen in the Qur'an and Sunnah. So this research seeks to uncover the habits of Ūlū al Āzm in their social life and reveal the meanings contained therein based on the verses of the Qur'an and Hadith. This research uses the descriptive method of analysis to look at the habits in social life experienced by the Ūlū al Āzmi prophets. Among the conclusions of this study is that the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm both have noble morals, because the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm applies social values that are guided by Allah Ta'ala, as for the differences in times and social conditions experienced by the Apostle Ūlū al Āzm are different but if there are causes and characteristics that are repeated they will use the same approach in improving and restoring social values in their society, because all social values and the ultimate criteria for good and bad social behavior are rooted in divine revelation

M630L mutation disrupts the structure conformation of Bruton tyrosine kinase (BTK) domain in patient with x-linked agammaglobulinemia: insights from in silico

X-Linked Agammaglobulinemia (XLA) is a rare inherited disease, attributed to mutations found in the Bruton Tyrosine Kinase (BTK) gene. This research outlines the application of Molecular Modelling and Simulation to predict the effects of a novel non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphism (nsSNP) reported in the BTK kinase domain protein of a male XLA patient. The mutation at position c.1888A>T causes a substitution of p.M630L within the kinase domain of the BTK protein. Functional assessment using in silico prediction tools (SIFT, Polyphen-2, PROVEAN, MutationAssessor, PANTHER, FATHMM, MutPred and MutationTaster) predicted the mutation to be deleterious, potentially disrupting both the structure and function of the protein. Nevertheless, the mutation is not located at the active site of the kinase domain. Consequently, the molecular dynamics (MD) simulations were performed to investigate the impact of amino acid substitution to the three-dimensional (3D) conformational structure of the BTK protein, contributing to the disease phenotype observed in the reported patient. MD analysis, clustering analysis and Principle Component Analysis (PCA) revealed that the 3D conformational structure of the kinase domain of mutant protein to be more compact and rigid compared to the wildtype. Given that the alterations in protein structure can influence their functional characteristics, the p.M630L mutation within the BTK protein kinase domain might disrupt the protein function, potentially impeding the maturation of B cells and contributing to the onset of XLA disease

Assessing curriculum integration in higher education through academics, undergraduates and employers’ feedback: the case of some countries from six continents

Purpose – This study aims to investigate the critical role of Curriculum Integration (CI) in higher education, addressing global concerns about university graduates’ readiness for the workforce. It explores the perspectives of undergraduates, academics and employers on CI across Asia, Africa, North America, South America, Europe and Australia. Design/methodology/approach – Using a mixed-method approach, the research combines quantitative surveys with qualitative interviews to comprehensively analyze CI’s impact. Data analysis involved SPSS and thematic methods, ensuring validity through triangulation, member checking, pilot testing and sensitivity analysis. Ethical considerations included informed consent and confidentiality. Findings – The study uncovers significant regional disparities in CI awareness and implementation, particularly between developed and developing regions. While CI’s benefits for holistic learning are widely acknowledged, few academics actively use it, citing barriers like time, funding and institutional resistance. Employers strongly support CI, highlighting its value in enhancing graduate employability skills, though regional differences demand localized approaches. Undergraduates prefer CI for its interactive, practical nature. The findings call for targeted faculty development and regional strategies to increase CI adoption, ultimately improving graduate employability. Originality/value – This global study provides a replicable framework for evaluating interdisciplinary educational reforms. By comparing CI’s impact across diverse systems, it offers a model applicable to other pedagogical approaches, notably project-based or competency-based education, underscoring the importance of region-specific strategies in educational reform

Natural remedies for hypertension: a systematic review

Hypertension is a chronic condition contributing significantly to global morbidity and mortality. Increasingly, natural remedies are being considered for hypertension management due to their accessibility, lower cost, and fewer perceived side effects compared to conventional medications. This systematic review aimed to evaluate the scientific evidence on the effectiveness and safety of various natural remedies for treating hypertension. The review included remedies such as garlic, celery, hibiscus, hawthorn, and herbal formulations used in Traditional Chinese Medicine, among others. Following the PRISMA guidelines, eligible studies were selected from databases such as Cochrane Library and PubMed, with quality assessed using the SIGN methodology checklist. Eighteen studies were included, totalling 1915 participants. While many studies showed that these remedies effectively reduced blood pressure, no study demonstrated superior effectiveness of natural remedies over conventional antihypertensive medications. Safety profiles were generally favourable, with few minor side effects reported. However, due to limited and variable safety data, further independent, high-quality research is needed to comprehensively evaluate the long-term safety and efficacy of these remedies for hypertension management

Graduan kejururawatan miliki peluang cerah di luar negara

Melalui pengalaman peribadi, saya yang merupakan produk Ijazah Kejururawatan mendapati banyak impak positif hasil dari penawaran kursus ini. Langkah awal yang diambil oleh Jabatan Perkhidmatan Awam (JPA) untuk menawarkan biasiswa kepada universiti tempatan seperti Universiti Sains Malaysia bagi menaja pelajar Ijazah Kejururawatan sekitar tahun 2000 antara inisiatif untuk memacu profesyen Kejururawatan di Malaysia. Rata-rata graduan yang ditaja oleh JPA berjaya berkhidmat sebagai Jururawat U41 atau Tutor di Kementerian Kesihatan Malaysia (KKM). Sebahagiannya pula berkhidmat di sektor swasta sebagai Jururawat Ijazah dengan elaun kritikal tertentu, instruktor klinikal atau tutor di kolej-kolej swasta

The challenges of using Escherichia coli as a host in recombinant insulin production

Diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disease characterised by elevation of blood glucose level which leads to serious damage to the blood vessels, eyes, heart, kidney, and nerves affecting about 830 million people worldwide. The most common diabetes is type 2 which usually happened in adults when the body becomes resistant to insulin, or the body does not produce enough insulin. Type 1 diabetes mellitus is dependent on insulin which required accessible and affordable insulin (Diabetes, 2025). In Malaysia, the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), depends on factors such as gender, age, and ethnicity, with women, the elderly, and the Indian community having the highest prevalence of DM. In the 103,063 participants that made up the study's sample, the combined prevalence of diabetes by gender in the population-based studies was 13.80% for men and 14.54% for women, while the combined prevalence of prediabetes was 11.40% for women and 10.98% for men (Akhtar et al., 2022). For age, from this study, it can be observed that the prevalence of diabetes showed a notable upward trend as people aged, rising from 3.16% in the 20–29 age group to 13.71% in the 30-45 age group, 25.66% in the 46–59 age group, and 33.45% in the 60 and older age group (Akhtar et al., 2022). Ethnicity and races can also affect the prevalence of DM. The subpopulation of Indian had the greatest prevalence of diabetes which is 25.10%, among all ethnic groups, followed by Malay with 15.25%, Chinese with 12.87%, Bumiputera with 8.62%, and others with 6.91%. The prevalence demands oral hypoglycaemic agents (OHAs) market size in Malaysia at USD282.22 million in 2025 with a CAGR of greater than 3% during forecast period (2025-2030). The drugs are mainly fall under the following segment: biguanides, alpha-glucosidase inhibitors, dopamine-d2 receptor agonists, sodium-glucose cotransport-2 (SGLT-2) inhibitor, dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4) inhibitors, sulfonylureas, and meglitinides (Malaysia Oral Anti-Diabetic Drug Market Size | Mordor Intelligence, 2025)

Irfānī epistemology and Indonesian Islam from Jabiri’s fragmentation to Neo-Sadra’s integration: an Islamic philosophical approach

This research departs from the conflict between Jabiri's fragmented geo-epistemology and his antipathy towards ‘irfānī epistemology, vis a vis the character and style of Indonesian Islamic reasoning. The strong influence of Jabiri's thoughts in this country makes it important to answer the question of the development of the discourse on the criticism of Arab Islamic reasoning, how Indonesian figures absorb his thoughts, and how to develop them in the future. Using the qualitative method and an Islamic philosophical approach, this research comes to the following conclusions: first, Jabiri's fragmented geo-epistemology is not consistent with its initial holistic vision, is stuck in a selective attitude, fails to appreciate Eastern Islamic culture, and rests on assumptions of rationality that lack depth. Second, Jabiri's influence in Indonesian Islamic discourse has not made local figures adhere to a fragmented epistemology, nor have they become antipathetic towards ‘irfānī reasoning. Third, the development of integrative epistemology and 'irfānī epistemology in Indonesian Islamic reasoning can be enriched with a foothold on Neo-Sadra philosophical models. All data in this study were collected using library research method