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Spin injection and detection using perpendicularly magnetized Mn/Co bilayers grown on GaAs via all electrical methods
The electrical spin injection and detection in perpendicularly magnetized Mn/Co/n-GaAs junction was investigated using a non-local method. Clear non-local spin-valve signals and Hanle effect signals were observed at 77 K, providing direct evidence of the injection and detection of perpendicularly polarized spins through all electrical methods. The magnitude of the spin-valve signal was one order of magnitude smaller than that observed in a reference sample with an in-plane magnetized CoFe due to the low spin polarization of the ultrathin Mn/Co electrodes. It was found that the spin polarization at the interface between Mn/Co electrode and n(+)-GaAs had a relatively weak bias-current dependence in contrast to that at CoFe/n(+)-GaAs interface. The estimated spin lifetime of perpendicular spins injected from the Mn/Co bilayer into n-GaAs was approximately 1.9 ns at 77 K. This value is similar to that of in-plane spins injected from CoFe, indicating that the spin lifetime was not strongly dependent on the spin orientation in the bulk GaAs channel
On Ainu Possessive Constructions : From the Perspective of Subjectivity
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Reexamination of Japanese Verb Classification from the Viewpoint of Transitivity
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Door's computational(Shushu æ°è¡) significances in unearthed Ri Shu's divination
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X-Ray Exposed Tubulins During In vitro Polymerization Reactions : A Possible Approach for Radiation-induced Impacts on Microtubules
现è質ã«ååšãã埮å°ç®¡ã¯ïŒçްèã®æ§é ç¶æãšæ©èœçºçŸã«ãããŠéèŠãªåœ¹å²ãæãããŠããããããïŒÎ±Î²-ãã¥ãŒããªã³ãããäºéäœãããªã埮å°ç®¡ã«åãŒãæŸå°ç·åœ±é¿ã¯äŸç¶ãšããŠååã«æããã§ã¯ãªããæ¬ç ç©¶ã§ã¯ïŒæŸå°ç·è¢«ã°ãã«ãã£ãŠæå·ãããã¥ãŒããªã³ãïŒãã®éååå¿ã«äžãã圱é¿ãæããã«ããããã«ïŒèå
ãã¥ãŒããªã³éåã¢ãã»ã€ããããçšããŠïŒin vitro éååå¿ã«ãããX ç·è¢«ã°ããã¥ãŒããªã³ãšéç
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§å°ããããã¥ãŒããªã³ã¯åŸ®å°ç®¡ã圢æããããšã¯ã§ããªããïŒæ£åžžãã¥ãŒããªã³ã®éååå¿ã«å¯äžããå¯èœæ§ã瀺åããããMicrotubules in the cytoplasm play an important role in a number of cellular processes. Radiation-induced impacts on microtubules, composed of αβ-tubulin heterodimers, remain to be determined. In this study, to clarify how tubulins damaged by radiation exposure affect the polymerization reaction, with a fluorescent tubulin polymerization assay kit, we investigated the interactions of X-ray exposed tubulins with intact ones during in vitro polymerization reactions. Our proposed approach may shed light on the emerging role of tubulin damage control for understanding how cellular functions are maintained after exposure to radiation
Rethinking HeilerÊŒs History of Religions
In this paper, I revisit HeilerÊŒs thought and activity about the History of Religions as a preparation for the cooperation of Religions. Friedrich Heiler (1892-1967) was a leading figure in the phenomenological school of religion and, along with Rudolf Otto and Gerardus van der Leeuw, among the foremost scholars of religion during the Weimar Republic era. He also played an important role in the International Association of the History of Religions (IAHR) after World War II. However, his scholarly achievements were criticized for being Christocentric and to exhibit a strongly theological nature. This paper finds that HeilerÊŒs interest in his major work, Das Gebet (1918), was later overtaken over by liturgical reforms of the German High Church Movement, in which he played a leading role, and that for Heiler, the History of Religions is linked with his own religious movements. HeilerÊŒs creation of the German Mass forms a milestone, and Das Gebet was its preface. HeilerÊŒs activities stalled during World War II and afterward. The IAHR Congress in Rome (1955) tended to be limited to the academic study of old religious phenomena, while the Tokyo Conference (1958) and the Marburg Conference (1960), however, tended to engage with contemporary religions in terms of practical concerns. In particular, East-West intercourse was an important theme. This was a continuation of the problematics of the Eranos Congress, held before World War II, were Heiler played an important role
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Summary of Previous Research and Issues Regarding âTe-noâ
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